I am creating some code for a school project, and for a module I use later on, I need to know what the intensity to end on(end_intensity) is. When the code is run, the end_intensity still comes out as unassigned, this means that the
if client_intensity == "High":
line is never being run.Can someone please explain why it won't assign .
correct = False
end_intensity = "Unassigned"
while correct != True:
id_search = input("please enter the Client ID of the client you wish to record results for:")
# open file, with will automatically close it for you
with open("text_documents/clientIntensity.txt") as f:
user_found = False
# loop over every line
for line in f:
client,intensity = line.split(",")
if id_search == client:
correct = True
user_found = True
intensity = str (intensity)
client_intensity = intensity
#assigns which one is the end intensity
if intensity == 'High':
end_intensity = 'Moderate'
elif intensity == 'Moderate':
end_intensity = 'High'
if user_found == False:
print("I'm sorry no results we're found for that ID, please try again\n")
print(end_intensity)
The text document is in this format:
NeQua,High
ImKol,Moderate
YoTri,Moderate
(I apologize for the numbers for the text document formatting,stack overflow would only let me show it like that)
Any help would be appreciated,Thanks
Ieuan
Related
I have a set of points and I want to create line / road network from those points. Firstly, I need to determine the closest point from each of the points. For that, I used the KD Tree and developed a code like this:
def closestPoint(source, X = None, Y = None):
df = pd.DataFrame(source).copy(deep = True) #Ensure source is a dataframe, working on a copy to keep the datasource
if(X is None and Y is None):
raise ValueError ("Please specify coordinate")
elif(not X in df.keys() and not Y in df.keys()):
raise ValueError ("X and/or Y is/are not in column names")
else:
df["coord"] = tuple(zip(df[X],df[Y])) #create a coordinate
if (df["coord"].duplicated):
uniq = df.drop_duplicates("coord")["coord"]
uniqval = list(uniq.get_values())
dupl = df[df["coord"].duplicated()]["coord"]
duplval = list(dupl.get_values())
for kq,vq in uniq.items():
clstu = spatial.KDTree(uniqval).query(vq, k = 3)[1]
df.at[kq,"coord"] = [vq,uniqval[clstu[1]]]
if([uniqval[clstu[1]],vq] in list(df["coord"]) ):
df.at[kq,"coord"] = [vq,uniqval[clstu[2]]]
for kd,vd in dupl.items():
clstd = spatial.KDTree(duplval).query(vd,k = 1)[1]
df.at[kd,"coord"] = [vd,duplval[clstd]]
else:
val = df["coord"].get_values()
for k,v in df["coord"].items():
clst = spatial.KDTree(val).query(vd, k = 3)[1]
df.at[k,"coord"] = [v,val[clst[1]]]
if([val[clst[1]],v] in list (df["coord"])):
df.at[k,"coord"] = [v,val[clst[2]]]
return df["coord"]
The code can return the the closest points around. However, I need to ensure that no double lines are created (e.g (x,y) to (x1,y1) and (x1,y1) to (x,y)) and also I need to ensure that each point can only be used as a starting point of a line and an end point of a line despite the point being the closest one to the other points.
Below is the visualization of the result:
Result of the code
What I want:
What I want
I've also tried to separate the origin and target coordinate and do it like this:
df["coord"] = tuple(zip(df[X],df[Y])) #create a coordinate
df["target"] = "" #create a column for target points
count = 2 # create a count iteration
if (df["coord"].duplicated):
uniq = df.drop_duplicates("coord")["coord"]
uniqval = list(uniq.get_values())
for kq,vq in uniq.items():
clstu = spatial.KDTree(uniqval).query(vq, k = count)[1]
while not vq in (list(df["target"]) and list(df["coord"])):
clstu = spatial.KDTree(uniqval).query(vq, k = count)[1]
df.set_value(kq, "target", uniqval[clstu[count-1]])
else:
count += 1
clstu = spatial.KDTree(uniqval).query(vq, k = count)[1]
df.set_value(kq, "target", uniqval[clstu[count-1]])
but this return an error
IndexError: list index out of range
Can anyone help me with this? Many thanks!
Answering now about the global strategy, here is what I would do (rough pseudo-algorithm):
current_point = one starting point in uniqval
while (uniqval not empty)
construct KDTree from uniqval and use it for next line
next_point = point in uniqval closest to current_point
record next_point as target for current_point
remove current_point from uniqval
current_point = next_point
What you will obtain is a linear graph joining all your points, using closest neighbors "in some way". I don't know if it will fit your needs. You would also obtain a linear graph by taking next_point at random...
It is hard to comment on your global strategy without further detail about the kind of road network your want to obtain. So let me just comment your specific code and explain why the "out of range" error happens. I hope this can help.
First, are you aware that (list_a and list_b) will return list_a if it is empty, else list_b? Second, isn't the condition (vq in list(df["coord"]) always True? If yes, then your while loop is just always executing the else statement, and at the last iteration of the for loop, (count-1) will be greater than the total number of (unique) points. Hence your KDTree query does not return enough points and clstu[count-1] is out of range.
I am currently working on a Note taking app in pyGtk and have set up a TextView where a user can type and add text tags for Bold Underline and Italics.
However, when it comes to saving the formatted text I cannot figure out how to do so.
I am trying to save in Gtk's native tagset format however after using
tag_format = TextBuffer.register_serialize_tagset()
content = TextBuffer.serialize(self, tag_format, start,end)
I cannot write this to a file with
open(filename, 'w').write(content)
because I get an error which states that it cannot write in bytes and needs a string instead.
I am currently working on a Note taking app in pyGtk and have set up a TextView where a user can type and add text tags for Bold Underline and Italics.
However, when it comes to saving the formatted text I cannot figure out how to do so.
I am trying to save in Gtk's native tagset format however after using
tag_format = TextBuffer.register_serialize_tagset()
content = TextBuffer.serialize(self, tag_format, start,end)
I cannot write this to a file with
open(filename, 'w').write(content)
because I get an error which states that it cannot write in bytes and needs a string instead.
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
from gi.repository import Gtk, Pango
I am currently working on a Note taking app in pyGtk and have set up a TextView where a user can type and add text tags for Bold Underline and Italics.
However, when it comes to saving the formatted text I cannot figure out how to do so.
I am trying to save in Gtk's native tagset format however after using
tag_format = TextBuffer.register_serialize_tagset()
content = TextBuffer.serialize(self, tag_format, start,end)
I cannot write this to a file with
open(filename, 'w').write(content)
because I get an error which states that it cannot write in bytes and needs a string instead.
File "example.py", line 87, in save_file
open(filename, 'w').write(content)
TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes
Here is sample code you can run and test by typing and then saving
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
from gi.repository import Gtk, Pango
class MainWindow(Gtk.ApplicationWindow):
def __init__(self):
Gtk.Window.__init__(self, title = "TwoNote")
self.grid = Gtk.Grid()
self.toolbar = Gtk.Toolbar()
self.grid.add(self.toolbar)
#buttons for toolbar
self.button_bold = Gtk.ToggleToolButton()
self.button_italic = Gtk.ToggleToolButton()
self.button_underline = Gtk.ToggleToolButton()
self.button_save = Gtk.ToolButton()
self.button_open = Gtk.ToolButton()
self.mytext = TextSet(self.button_bold, self.button_italic, self.button_underline)
self.button_bold.set_icon_name("format-text-bold-symbolic")
self.toolbar.insert(self.button_bold, 0)
self.button_italic.set_icon_name("format-text-italic-symbolic")
self.toolbar.insert(self.button_italic, 1)
self.button_underline.set_icon_name("format-text-underline-symbolic")
self.toolbar.insert(self.button_underline, 2)
self.toolbar.insert(self.button_save, 3)
self.toolbar.insert(self.button_open, 4)
self.button_open.set_icon_name("document-open-data")
self.button_save.set_icon_name("document-save")
self.button_save.connect("clicked", self.save_file)
self.button_open.connect("clicked", self.open_file)
self.button_bold.connect("toggled", self.mytext.on_button_clicked, "Bold", self.button_italic, self.button_underline)
self.button_italic.connect("toggled", self.mytext.on_button_clicked, "Italic", self.button_bold, self.button_underline)
self.button_underline.connect("toggled", self.mytext.on_button_clicked, "Underline", self.button_bold, self.button_italic)
self.grid.attach_next_to(self.mytext, self.toolbar, Gtk.PositionType.BOTTOM, 10,30)
self.add(self.grid)
filename = "Untitled"
def open_file(self, widget):
open_dialog = Gtk.FileChooserDialog("Open an existing file", self, Gtk.FileChooserAction.OPEN,(Gtk.STOCK_CANCEL,Gtk.ResponseType.CANCEL,Gtk.STOCK_OPEN, Gtk.ResponseType.OK))
open_response = open_dialog.run()
if open_response == Gtk.ResponseType.OK:
filename = open_dialog.get_filename()
text = open(filename).read()
self.mytext.get_buffer().set_text(text)
open_dialog.destroy()
elif open_response == Gtk.ResponseType.CANCEL:
print("Cancel clicked")
open_dialog.destroy()
def save_file(self, widget):
savechooser = Gtk.FileChooserDialog('Save File', self, Gtk.FileChooserAction.SAVE, (Gtk.STOCK_CANCEL, Gtk.ResponseType.CANCEL, Gtk.STOCK_SAVE, Gtk.ResponseType.OK))
allfilter = Gtk.FileFilter()
allfilter.set_name('All files')
allfilter.add_pattern('*')
savechooser.add_filter(allfilter)
txtFilter = Gtk.FileFilter()
txtFilter.set_name('Text file')
txtFilter.add_pattern('*.txt')
savechooser.add_filter(txtFilter)
response = savechooser.run()
if response == Gtk.ResponseType.OK:
filename = savechooser.get_filename()
print(filename, 'selected.')
buf = self.mytext.get_buffer()
start, end = buf.get_bounds()
tag_format = buf.register_serialize_tagset()
content = buf.serialize(buf, tag_format, start, end)
try:
open(filename, 'w').write(content)
except SomeError as e:
print('Could not save %s: %s' % (filename, err))
savechooser.destroy()
elif response == Gtk.ResponseType.CANCEL:
print('Closed, file not saved.')
savechooser.destroy()
class TextSet(Gtk.TextView):
def __init__(self, buttonBold, buttonItalic, buttonUnderline, interval = 1 ):
# Textview Setup
Gtk.TextView.__init__(self)
self.set_vexpand(True)
self.set_indent(10)
self.set_top_margin(90)
self.set_left_margin(20)
self.set_right_margin(20)
self.set_wrap_mode(Gtk.WrapMode.CHAR)
self.tb = TextBuffer()
self.set_buffer(self.tb)
# Thread setup
self.button_bold = buttonBold
self.button_italic = buttonItalic
self.button_underline = buttonUnderline
def on_button_clicked(self, widget, tagname, widget1, widget2):
state = widget.get_active()
name = widget.get_icon_name()
bounds = self.tb.get_selection_bounds()
self.tagname = tagname
if(state):
widget1.set_active(False)
widget2.set_active(False)
#highlighting
if(len(bounds) != 0):
start, end = bounds
myIter = self.tb.get_iter_at_mark(self.tb.get_insert())
myTags = myIter.get_tags()
if(myTags == [] and state == True):
self.tb.apply_tag_by_name(tagname, start, end)
elif(myTags != [] and state == True):
self.tb.remove_all_tags(start, end)
self.tb.apply_tag_by_name(tagname, start, end)
else:
for i in range(len(myTags)):
if(myTags[i].props.name == tagname):
self.tb.remove_tag_by_name(tagname,start,end)
myTags = []
self.tb.markup(widget, tagname)
def mouse_clicked(self, window, event):
self.button_bold.set_active(False)
self.button_italic.set_active(False)
self.button_underline.set_active(False)
class TextBuffer(Gtk.TextBuffer):
def __init__(self):
Gtk.TextBuffer.__init__(self)
self.connect_after('insert-text', self.text_inserted)
# A list to hold our active tags
self.taglist_on = []
# Our Bold tag.
self.tag_bold = self.create_tag("Bold", weight=Pango.Weight.BOLD)
self.tag_none = self.create_tag("None", weight=Pango.Weight.NORMAL)
self.tag_italic = self.create_tag("Italic", style=Pango.Style.ITALIC)
self.tag_underline = self.create_tag("Underline", underline=Pango.Underline.SINGLE)
def get_iter_position(self):
return self.get_iter_at_mark(self.get_insert())
def markup(self, widget, tagname):
self.tag_name = tagname
self.check = True
''' add "bold" to our active tags list '''
if(widget.get_active() == True):
if(self.tag_name == 'Bold'):
if 'Bold' in self.taglist_on:
del self.taglist_on[self.taglist_on.index('Bold')]
else:
self.taglist_on.append('Bold')
if(self.tag_name == 'Italic'):
if 'Italic' in self.taglist_on:
del self.taglist_on[self.taglist_on.index('Italic')]
else:
self.taglist_on.append('Italic')
if(self.tag_name == 'Underline'):
if 'Underline' in self.taglist_on:
del self.taglist_on[self.taglist_on.index('Underline')]
else:
self.taglist_on.append('Underline')
else:
self.check = False
def text_inserted(self, buffer, iter, text, length):
# A text was inserted in the buffer. If there are ny tags in self.tags_on, apply them
#if self.taglist_None or self.taglist_Italic or self.taglist_Underline or self.taglist_Bold:
if self.taglist_on:
# This sets the iter back N characters
iter.backward_chars(length)
# And this applies tag from iter to end of buffer
if(self.check == True):
if(self.tag_name == 'Italic'):
self.apply_tag_by_name('Italic', self.get_iter_position(), iter)
if(self.tag_name == 'Bold'):
self.apply_tag_by_name('Bold', self.get_iter_position(), iter)
if(self.tag_name == 'Underline'):
self.apply_tag_by_name('Underline', self.get_iter_position(), iter)
else:
self.remove_all_tags(self.get_iter_position(), iter)
win = MainWindow()
win.connect("delete-event", Gtk.main_quit)
win.show_all()
Gtk.main()
I figured it out rather than using
open(filename, 'w').write(content)
to save the content I imported GLib and used
GLib.file_set_contents(filename, content)
I'm using psychopy to build a cognitive task.
I have 5 circles on the screen and the participant needs to pressed on the good circle.
My code :
if mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_1):
continueRoutine = False
# save data if you like:
thisExp.addData('correct', 1)
thisExp.addData('RT', t)
elif mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_2):
# save data if you like:
thisExp.addData('correct', 0)
thisExp.addData('RT', t)
continueRoutine = True
elif mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_3):
# save data if you like:
thisExp.addData('correct', 0)
thisExp.addData('RT', t)
continueRoutine = True
elif mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_4):
# save data if you like:
thisExp.addData('correct', 0)
thisExp.addData('RT', t)
continueRoutine = True
elif mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_5):
# save data if you like:
thisExp.addData('correct', 0)
thisExp.addData('RT', t)
continueRoutine = True
The problem is that my datafile only contains the response time (RT) and the info of the circle_1. I would have no idea if the participant tried other circle before pressing on circle_1.
Question : How can I have in my csv file infos about all the times a participant pressed the mouse bouton.Maybe before pressing cercle_1, he pressed the cercle_3. Right now, I only have how long it took to get the correct answer.
It sounds like you want to record a sequence of events in the trial. This can be hard to find an appropriate data structure for, but in your case, I can think of two solutions.
Record the number of wrong responses
Have a column (e.g. n_wrong) and count the number of non-circle_1 responses. In Begin routine add
n_wrong = 0
Then in each frame add:
if mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_1):
thisExp.addData('correct', 1)
thisExp.addData('RT', t)
continueRoutine = False
elif mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_2) or mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_3) or mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_4) or mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_5):
thisExp.addData('correct', 0)
thisExp.addData('RT', t)
n_wrong += 1 # One more error recorded!
# Now wait until the mouse release to prevent recording 60 wrong clicks per second!
while any(mouse.getPressed()):
pass
Then under end routine add:
thisExp.addData('n_wrong', n_wrong)
Record which circles were pressed
The other is to have a column for each circle and shift those from "unpressed" to "pressed" when they are clicked. Then the column cercle1 would correspond to what you currently call the correct column. So under begin routine:
# Mark all non-target cirlces as unpressed
thisExp.addData('cercle1', 0)
thisExp.addData('cercle2', 0)
thisExp.addData('cercle3', 0)
thisExp.addData('cercle4', 0)
thisExp.addData('cercle5', 0)
Then under each frame I would do this:
if mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_1):
thisExp.addData('cercle1', 1)
continueRoutine = False
if mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_2):
thisExp.addData('cercle2', 1)
if mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_3):
thisExp.addData('cercle3', 1)
if mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_4):
thisExp.addData('cercle4', 1)
if mouse.isPressedIn(cercle_5):
thisExp.addData('cercle5', 1)
The latter approach could be extended with reaction times by adding columns called cercle1_rt etc. but then you'd also need to do the while any(mouse.getPressed()): pass trick to record the onset and not just the release.
I am trying to use a while loop in Python to provide an error message while there is a backslash character in the user input. The code provides the error message when a fraction is input and requests a second input. The problem occurs when the second input differs in length from the original input and I do not know how to fix this since my knowledge of Python is limited. Any help is appreciated!
size = getInput('Size(in): ')
charcount = len(size)
for i in range(0,charcount):
if size[i] == '/':
while size[i] == '/':
getWarningReply('Please enter size as a decimal', 'OKAY')
size = getInput('Size(in): ')
elif size[i] == '.':
#Convert size input from string to list, then back to string because strings are immutable whereas lists are not
sizechars = list(size)
sizechars[i] = 'P'
size = "".join(sizechars)
That is not a good way to go about doing what you want because if the length of the new size is shorter than the original length, charcount, then you can easily go out of range.
I'm by no means a Python master, but an easily better way to do this is to wrap the entire thing in a while loop instead of nesting a while loop within the for loop:
not_decimal = True
while not_decimal:
found_slash = False
size = getInput('Size(in): ')
charcount = len(size)
for i in range(0, charcount):
if size[i] == '/':
print 'Please enter size as a decimal.'
found_slash = True
break
elif size[i] == '.':
#Convert size input from string to list, then back to string because strings are immutable whereas lists are not
sizechars = list(size)
sizechars[i] = 'P'
size = "".join(sizechars)
if not found_slash:
not_decimal = False
I was trying to solve Challenge 2 at the end of the classes chapter (Chapter 8) in "Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner" which is stated as:
Write a program that simulates a television by creating it as an object. The user should be able to enter a channel number and raise or lower the volume. Make sure that the channel number and the volume level stay within valid ranges.
I keep getting: TypeError: 'int' object is not callable, which at this stage just isn't very helpful.
I'm a beginner but I've seen something really similar working (see at the bottom right below my code) and nearly went as far as nearly copying that code. Could somebody maybe explain what's wrong with this and how I can get it to work?
Here's the complete error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Untitled 3.py", line 59, in <module>
main()
File "Untitled 3.py", line 50, in main
tv.channel(newchannel = int(input("What channel would you like to set the TV to?")))
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable
My code is below,
Thanks
class Television(object):
"""a TV"""
def __init__(self, channel = 0, volume = 0):
self.channel = channel
self.volume = volume
def channel(self, newchannel = 0):
if newchannel <= 0 or newchannel >9:
print("No negative numbers or numbers higher than 9. Start again from the menu")
else:
self.channel = newchannel
print("You set the TV on channel", self.channel)
def volume(self, newvolume = 0):
if newvolume <= 0 or newvolume >9:
print("No negative numbers or numbers higher than 9. Start again from the menu")
else:
self.volume = newvolume
print("You set the TV on volume", self.volume)
def watch(self):
print("You are watching channel", self.channel, "at volume", self.volume)
def main():
tv = Television()
choice = None
while choice != "0":
print \
("""
TV
0 - Quit
1 - Watch the TV
2 - Change channel
3 - Set the volume
""")
choice = input("Choice: ")
print()
# exit
if choice == "0":
print("Good-bye.")
elif choice == "1":
tv.watching()
elif choice == "2":
tv.channel(newchannel = int(input("What channel would you like to set the TV to?")))
elif choice == "3":
tv.volume(newvolume = int(input("What channel would you like to set the TV to?")))
# some unknown choice
else:
print("\nSorry, but", choice, "isn't a valid choice.")
main()
("\n\nPress the enter key to exit.")
Why does the following work instead? To me, it looks pretty similar to what I've done.
class Critter(object):
"""A virtual pet"""
def __init__(self, hunger = 0, boredom = 0):
self.hunger = hunger
self.boredom = boredom
def eat(self, food = 4):
print("Brruppp. Thank you.")
self.hunger += food
if self.hunger < 0:
self.hunger = 0
crit = Critter()
print(crit.hunger)
crit.eat(food = int(input("how much do you want to feed him?")))
print(crit.hunger)
The problem is you are defining a method with the same name as a property. That is, you're saying Television.channel is an int, but later you are binding a method to that name.