VerifyError from com.google.android.gms:play-services:4.4.52 dependency - google-play-services

Question

After including com.google.android.gms:play-services:4.4.52 dependency (for Google+-Login within the Android app) I have a problem running the test cases with Robotium and JUnit on Jenkins. It seems that no matter which test case, the test fails with VerifyError (I've also already observed ClassNotFound- and NoClassDefFoundError's afterwards).
Stacktraces:
VerifyError:
java.lang.VerifyError: org/catrobat/catroid/uitest/content/brick/SetSizeToBrickTest
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.getConstructors(Class.java:508)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping$TestCasePredicate.hasValidConstructor(TestGrouping.java:228)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping$TestCasePredicate.apply(TestGrouping.java:217)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping$TestCasePredicate.apply(TestGrouping.java:213)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping.select(TestGrouping.java:172)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping.selectTestClasses(TestGrouping.java:162)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping.testCaseClassesInPackage(TestGrouping.java:156)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping.addPackagesRecursive(TestGrouping.java:117)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestSuiteBuilder.includePackages(TestSuiteBuilder.java:102)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onCreate(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:358)
at pl.polidea.instrumentation.PolideaInstrumentationTestRunner.onCreate(PolideaInstrumentationTestRunner.java:432)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4335)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:135)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1256)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5017)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:779)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:595)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
ClassNotFoundException:
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.catrobat.catroid.test.utils.SimulatedSensorManager
at java.lang.Class.classForName(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:251)
at android.test.ClassPathPackageInfoSource.createPackageInfo(ClassPathPackageInfoSource.java:88)
at android.test.ClassPathPackageInfoSource.access$000(ClassPathPackageInfoSource.java:39)
at android.test.ClassPathPackageInfoSource$1.load(ClassPathPackageInfoSource.java:50)
at android.test.ClassPathPackageInfoSource$1.load(ClassPathPackageInfoSource.java:47)
at android.test.SimpleCache.get(SimpleCache.java:31)
at android.test.ClassPathPackageInfoSource.getPackageInfo(ClassPathPackageInfoSource.java:72)
at android.test.ClassPathPackageInfo.getSubpackages(ClassPathPackageInfo.java:48)
at android.test.ClassPathPackageInfo.addTopLevelClassesTo(ClassPathPackageInfo.java:61)
at android.test.ClassPathPackageInfo.getTopLevelClassesRecursive(ClassPathPackageInfo.java:55)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping.testCaseClassesInPackage(TestGrouping.java:156)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestGrouping.addPackagesRecursive(TestGrouping.java:117)
at android.test.suitebuilder.TestSuiteBuilder.includePackages(TestSuiteBuilder.java:102)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onCreate(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:358)
at pl.polidea.instrumentation.PolideaInstrumentationTestRunner.onCreate(PolideaInstrumentationTestRunner.java:432)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4335)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:135)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1256)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5017)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:779)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:595)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/catrobat/catroid/test/utils/SimulatedSensorManager
... 27 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "org.catrobat.catroid.test.utils.SimulatedSensorManager" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/data/app/org.catrobat.catroid.test-1.apk", zip file "/data/app/org.catrobat.catroid-1.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app-lib/org.catrobat.catroid.test-1, /data/app-lib/org.catrobat.catroid-1, /vendor/lib, /system/lib]]
The (relevant part of) build.gradle file:
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.0.1'
classpath 'com.jakewharton.sdkmanager:gradle-plugin:0.12.+'
// classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:1.3.0-beta1'
}
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
apply plugin: 'android-sdk-manager'
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'checkstyle'
apply plugin: 'pmd'
apply from: 'gradle/adb_tasks.gradle'
apply from: 'gradle/code_quality_tasks.gradle'
apply from: 'gradle/intellij_config_tasks.gradle'
//apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
check.dependsOn 'checkstyle'
check.dependsOn 'pmd'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion '23.0.0'
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 23
applicationId 'org.catrobat.catroid'
testApplicationId "org.catrobat.catroid.test"
testInstrumentationRunner 'pl.polidea.instrumentation.PolideaInstrumentationTestRunner'
versionCode 24
println "VersionCode is " + versionCode
versionName "0.9.17"
println "VersionName is " + versionName
buildConfigField "String", "GIT_DESCRIBE", "\"${versionName}\""
buildConfigField "String", "GIT_CURRENT_BRANCH", "\"${getCurrentGitBranch()}\""
}
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled = true
}
}
ext {
projectVersion = "0.9"
}
configurations {
compile.exclude group: 'xpp3' //compile problem with xstream
natives
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.actionbarsherlock:actionbarsherlock:4.4.0#aar'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:19.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
compile 'com.google.guava:guava:18.0'
compile ('com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.3.0') {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
exclude group: 'com.google.android.gms'
}
compile ( 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3.1') {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
exclude group: 'com.google.android.gms'
}
compile 'com.github.johnpersano:supertoasts:1.3.4#aar'
compile 'com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream:1.4.7'
def gdxVersion = '1.6.2'
compile 'com.badlogicgames.gdx:gdx:' + gdxVersion
compile 'com.badlogicgames.gdx:gdx-backend-android:' + gdxVersion
natives 'com.badlogicgames.gdx:gdx-platform:' + gdxVersion + ':natives-x86'
natives 'com.badlogicgames.gdx:gdx-platform:' + gdxVersion + ':natives-armeabi'
natives 'com.badlogicgames.gdx:gdx-platform:' + gdxVersion + ':natives-armeabi-v7a'
compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.4.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:4.4.52'
//compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:7.8.0'
//compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.8.0'
compile fileTree(include: '*.jar', dir: 'catroid/libs')
compile fileTree(include: '*.jar', dir: 'catroid/libs-natives')
androidTestCompile fileTree(include: '*.jar', dir: 'catroidTest/libs')
androidTestCompile 'com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo:5.2.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2'
androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
pmd 'net.sourceforge.pmd:pmd:5.1.1'
checkstyle 'com.puppycrawl.tools:checkstyle:6.7'
}
task copyAndroidNatives() {
file("catroid/jniLibs/armeabi/").mkdirs();
file("catroid/jniLibs/armeabi-v7a/").mkdirs();
file("catroid/jniLibs/x86/").mkdirs();
configurations.natives.files.each { jar ->
def outputDir = null
if(jar.name.endsWith("natives-armeabi-v7a.jar")) outputDir = file("catroid/jniLibs/armeabi-v7a")
if(jar.name.endsWith("natives-armeabi.jar")) outputDir = file("catroid/jniLibs/armeabi")
if(jar.name.endsWith("natives-x86.jar")) outputDir = file("catroid/jniLibs/x86")
if(outputDir != null) {
copy {
from zipTree(jar)
into outputDir
include "*.so"
}
}
}
}
if (project.hasProperty('jenkins')) {
project.android.dexOptions.preDexLibraries = false
project.android.dexOptions.javaMaxHeapSize = "2048M"
}
On my device (Nexus 4 with Lollipop) The app itself is running without any problems when signing in to Google+. Also within Android Studio tests seem to run without these exceptions. I've already tried to disable bytecode verification during testing like:
tasks.withType(Test) {
scanForTestClasses = false
include "**/*Test.class"
test {
// set JVM arguments for the test JVM(s)
jvmArgs '-XX:-UseSplitVerifier'
}
}
but I still had the same errors.
Also to note, I haven't compiled the current version 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.8.0' or 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:7.8.0', respectively, because we first need to replace ActionBarSherlock with AppCompat (otherwise it won't compile). I'm also not sure whether I need to apply the 'com.google.gms.google-services' plugin (seems to work without the plugin) - I haven't included it yet because it changes the task structure, where our automated Jenkins test system depends on.
Even after hours of searching I don't really understand why this happens.