Populating a Datetime Column - sql

I want to populate a datetime column on the fly within a stored procedure. below is the query that I currently have that does same but slows down query performance.
CREATE TABLE #TaxVal
(
ID INT
, PaidDate DATETIME
, CustID INT
, CompID INT
)
INSERT INTO #TaxVal(ID, PaidDate, CustID, CompID)
VALUES(01, '20150201',12, 100)
, (03,'20150301', 18,101)
, (10,'20150401',19,22)
, (17,'20150401',02,11)
, (11,'20150411',18,201)
, (78,'20150421',18,299)
, (133,'20150407',18,101)
-- SELECT * FROM #TaxVal
DECLARE #StartDate DATETIME = '20150101'
, #EndDate DATETIME = '20150501'
DECLARE #Tab TABLE
(
CompID INT
, DateField DATETIME
)
DECLARE #T INT
SET #T = 0
WHILE #EndDate >= #StartDate + #T
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #Tab
SELECT CompID
, #StartDate + #T AS DateField
FROM #TaxVal
WHERE CustID = 18
AND CompID = 101
ORDER BY DateField DESC
SET #T = #T + 1
END
SELECT DISTINCT * FROM #Tab
DROP TABLE #TaxVal
Which is the best way to write this query for better performance?


Change this:
DECLARE #T INT
SET #T = 0
WHILE #EndDate >= #StartDate + #T
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #Tab
SELECT CompID
, #StartDate + #T AS DateField
FROM #TaxVal
WHERE CustID = 18
AND CompID = 101
ORDER BY DateField DESC
SET #T = #T + 1
END
to this:
;with cte as(
select cast('20150101' as date) as d
union all
select dateadd(dd, 1, d) as d from cte where d < '20150501'
)
INSERT INTO #Tab
SELECT CompID, d
FROM #TaxVal
cross join cte
WHERE CustID = 18 AND CompID = 101
Option(maxrecursion 0)
Here is recursive common table expression to get all dates in range. Then you do a cross join and insert. Notice that there is no sense to order set while inserting.


Giorgi's answer of
;with cte as(
select cast('20150101' as date) as d
union all
select dateadd(dd, 1, d) as d from cte where d < '20150501'
)
INSERT INTO #Tab
SELECT CompID, d
FROM #TaxVal
cross join cte
WHERE CustID = 18 AND CompID = 101
will work, but be careful with recursive CTE's. If the date range is large, you'll quickly hit your maximum recursion level. Often, a numbers table is used much like HABO mentioned. This is simply a table with a single column that only a integer so the rows would be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. You can then join the Numbers table (outer apply works well for this) and use the numbers with dateadd to get your incremental dates. Also note that you can run into an issue where the Numbers table doesn't contain enough rows for you date range.

Related

Return 0 with dates having empty results [duplicate]

I want to show all dates between two dates when there is any date data missing then its should show zero in val column .
declare #temp table (
id int identity(1,1) not null,
CDate smalldatetime ,
val int
)
INSERT STATEMENT FOR DATA TO CHECK
insert into #temp select '10/2/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/3/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/5/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/7/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/9/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/10/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/13/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/15/2012',2
Retrieve records between first day of month and today
select * from #temp where CDate between '10/01/2012' AND '10/15/2012'
As i run this query its show me all data between these two dates but i want to also include missing dates with val=0
SQL FIDDLE WITH SAMPLE DATA

;with d(date) as (
select cast('10/01/2012' as datetime)
union all
select date+1
from d
where date < '10/15/2012'
)
select t.ID, d.date CDate, isnull(t.val, 0) val
from d
left join temp t
on t.CDate = d.date
order by d.date
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0) -- use this if your dates are >99 days apart
You need to make up the dates, so I've use a recursive common table expression here.
SQL Fiddle
MAXRECURSION number
Specifies the maximum number of recursions allowed for this query. number is a nonnegative
integer between 0 and 32767. When 0 is specified, no limit is applied. If this option is
not specified, the default limit for the server is 100.
When the specified or default number for MAXRECURSION limit is reached during query
execution, the query is ended and an error is returned.

This will work as long as there are less than 2047 days between from and to dates
declare #from smalldatetime = '10/01/2012'
declare #to smalldatetime = '10/15/2012'
select t.id, dateadd(day, number,#from), isnull(val, 0) val from #temp t
right join master..spt_values s
on dateadd(d, s.number, #from) = t.CDate
where
datediff(day, #from, #to ) > s.number
and s.type = 'P'

I think the best way to do this is to create your own table with dates (you can also use master.dbo.spt_values, but I personally don't like that solution)
declare #Temp_Dates table (CDate datetime)
declare #Date datetime
select #Date = (select min(CDate) from temp)
while #Date <= (select max(CDate) from temp)
begin
insert into #Temp_Dates (CDate)
select #Date
select #Date = dateadd(dd, 1, #Date)
end
select D.CDate, isnull(T.id, 0) as id
from #Temp_Dates as D
left outer join temp as T on T.CDate = D.CDate
you can also use recursive solution with CTE

DECLARE #min DATETIME,
#max DATETIME,
#val INT
SELECT #min = Min(CDATE),
#max = Max(CDATE)
FROM TEMP
DECLARE #temp TABLE
(
CDATE SMALLDATETIME,
VAL INT
)
WHILE #min < #max
BEGIN
SELECT #val = VAL
FROM TEMP
WHERE CDATE = #min
INSERT #temp
VALUES (#min,
#val)
SET #min = Dateadd(D, 1, #min)
SET #val = 0
END
SELECT *
FROM #temp

Declare #temp Table(id int identity(1,1) not null,CDate smalldatetime ,val int)
insert into #temp select '10/2/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/3/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/5/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/7/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/9/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/10/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/13/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/15/2012',2
DECLARE #startDate DATE= '10/01/2012'
DECLARE #endDate DATE= '10/15/2012'
SELECT t.Id, X.[Date],Val = COALESCE(t.val,0)
FROM
(SELECT [Date] = DATEADD(Day,Number,#startDate)
FROM master..spt_values
WHERE Type='P'
AND DATEADD(day,Number,#startDate) <= #endDate)X
LEFT JOIN #temp t
ON X.[Date] = t.CDate

using a recursive cte with min and max
declare #T table (id int identity(1,1) primary key, dt date not null, val int not null);
insert into #T (dt, val) values
('10/2/2012',1)
, ('10/3/2012',1)
, ('10/5/2012',1)
, ('10/7/2012',2)
, ('10/9/2012',2)
, ('10/10/2012',2)
, ('10/13/2012',2)
, ('10/15/2012',2);
--select * from #T;
with cte as
( select min(dt) as dt, max(dt) as mx
from #T
union all
select dateadd(dd, 1, dt), mx
from CTE
where dt < mx
)
select c.dt, isnull(t.val, 0) as val
from cte c
left join #T t
on c.dt = t.dt
order by c.dt
option (maxrecursion 0);
dt val
---------- -----------
2012-10-02 1
2012-10-03 1
2012-10-04 0
2012-10-05 1
2012-10-06 0
2012-10-07 2
2012-10-08 0
2012-10-09 2
2012-10-10 2
2012-10-11 0
2012-10-12 0
2012-10-13 2
2012-10-14 0
2012-10-15 2

How to generate all dates for a date range extracted from two date columns in SQL

I have a table TEMP1 as :
Parameter Val From To
a 1 8/1/2018 8/5/2018
b 2 8/4/2018 8/8/2018
c 3 8/8/2018 8/13/2018
and i need the output like below:
Parameter Date Val
a 8/1/2018 1
a 8/2/2018 1
a 8/3/2018 1
a 8/4/2018 1
a 8/5/2018 1
b 8/4/2018 2
b 8/5/2018 2
b 8/6/2018 2
b 8/7/2018 2
b 8/8/2018 2
c 8/8/2018 3
c 8/9/2018 3
c 8/10/2018 3
c 8/11/2018 3
c 8/12/2018 3
c 8/13/2018 3
using SQL.

Use the select below to get the dates, join in your TEMP1 table to get the values you want.
CREATE TABLE #tmpDates( StartDate DATETIME, EndDate DATETIME )
INSERT INTO #tmpDates (StartDate, EndDate)VALUES( '2018-08-10', '2018-08-15')
GO
WITH myDates AS
(SELECT StartDate as aDate FROM #tmpDates AS td
UNION ALL
SELECT DATEADD(day, 1, aDate) AS aDate FROM myDates
INNER JOIN #tmpDates AS td ON myDates.aDate >= td.StartDate
WHERE DATEADD(day, 1, aDate) <= td.EndDate)
SELECT aDate, 1 as aValue
FROM myDates
INNER JOIN (SELECT StartDate, EndDate FROM #tmpDates AS td ) AS i ON 1=1
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);
DROP TABLE #tmpDates

DECLARE #StartDate DATE
DECLARE #EindDate DATE
SET #StartDate = '1990-01-01' -- << user input >> --
SET #EindDate = '2018-12-31' -- << user input >> --
IF OBJECT_ID ('TEMPDB..#Date') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #Date
IF OBJECT_ID ('TEMPDB..#Date') IS NULL CREATE TABLE #Date (Date_ DATE)
INSERT INTO #Date VALUES (#StartDate)
WHILE #StartDate < #EindDate
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #Date
SELECT DATEADD (DD, 1, #StartDate) AS Date
SET #StartDate = DATEADD (DD, 1, #StartDate)
END;
SELECT *
FROM #Date
CREATE TABLE #T (Parameter VARCHAR (10), VAL INT, [From] DATE, [To] Date)
INSERT INTO #T VALUES ('a', 1, '20180801', '20180805')
INSERT INTO #T VALUES ('b', 2, '20180804', '20180808')
INSERT INTO #T VALUES ('c', 3, '20180808', '20180813')
SELECT D.Date_, T.Parameter, T.VAL
FROM #Date AS D
INNER JOIN #T AS T ON D.Date_ >= T.[From] AND D.Date_ <= T.[To]

MySQL (prior to V8) does not have support for recursive queries. What you want to do is to join your table to a numbers table. You can create one on the fly if it not too big:
select t.parameter, (t.from + interval n - 1 day) day as date,
t.val
from temp1 t join
(select 1 as n union all
select 2 as n union all
select 3 as n union all
select 4 as n union all
select 5 as n
) n
on t.from + interval n - 1 day <= t.to;
I should note that you can also do this using a Calendar table.

You can make a cartesian join:
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!18/03a13/6
SELECT s.*
FROM temp1 s, (
select 1 'temp'
union all
select 2
union all
select 3
union all
select 4
union all
select 5
) ss

Try below query:
WITH cte AS
(SELECT Parameter,Val,From as dateval
UNION ALL
SELECT Parameter,Val,DATEADD(day, 1, dateval)
FROM cte WHERE DATEADD(day, 1, dateval) <= To
)
SELECT Parameter,Val,dateval
FROM cte
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);

You can use below SQL Query for to get your result.
This was using Cursor and column names and alias may need to change as per your requirements.
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE #mindate date
DECLARE #maxdate date
DECLARE #parameter char(5)
DECLARE #value smallint
Declare #temp table( fromdate date, Parameter char(5),val smallint)
DECLARE cur_date CURSOR
STATIC FOR
SELECT [from],[to], [parameter],[val] from temp1
OPEN cur_date
IF ##CURSOR_ROWS > 0
BEGIN
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_date INTO #mindate,#maxdate,#parameter, #value
WHILE ##Fetch_status = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #temp
SELECT TOP (DATEDIFF(DAY, #mindate, #maxdate) + 1)
Date = DATEADD(DAY, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY a.object_id) - 1, #mindate), #parameter as Parameter, #value as Val
FROM sys.all_objects a
CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects b
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_date INTO #mindate,#maxdate,#parameter, #value
END
END
CLOSE cur_date
DEALLOCATE cur_date
SELECT * FROM #temp

Convert Procedural Approach into Set Based Approach in Sql-Server

We are using procedural approach (while loop) for inserting records into a particular table. the insert syntax is like below,
DECLARE #CNT INT = 0,
#WEEK DATE = '2015-11-01',
#FLAG INT
CREATE TABLE #Tmpdata (officeId int,id smallint, weekDate date,startsOn varchar(10),endsOn varchar(10),flag bit);
WHILE (#CNT <7)
BEGIN
SET #WEEK = DATEADD(D,#CNT,#WEEK )
IF EXISTS
(SELECT 1
FROM YEARRANGE
WHERE #WEEK BETWEEN CONVERT(DATE,taxseasonbegin)
AND CONVERT (DATE,taxSeasonEnd)
)
BEGIN
SET #FLAG =1
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET #FLAG = 0
END
INSERT INTO #Tmpdata
(
officeId,id,weekDate,startsOn,endsOn,flag
)
VALUES
(
5134,#lvCounter,#week,'09:00 AM','05:00 PM',#flag
);
SET #cnt=#cnt+1;
end
(NOTE : TaxSeason is from january to august).
Is it possible to re-write the above logic in set based approach?

This is making a number of assumption because you didn't post ddl or any consumable sample data. Also, there is a variable #lvCounter not defined in your code. This is perfect opportunity to use a tally or numbers table instead of a loop.
declare #lvCounter int = 42;
DECLARE #CNT INT = 0,
#WEEK DATE = '2015-11-01',
#FLAG INT;
WITH
E1(N) AS (select 1 from (values (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1))dt(n))
, cteTally(N) AS
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) FROM E1
)
select 5134 as officeId
, #lvCounter as Id
, DATEADD(DAY, N - 1, #WEEK) as weekDate
, '09:00 AM' as startsOn
, '05:00 PM' as EndOn
, Flag
from cteTally t
cross apply
(
select CAST(count(*) as bit) as Flag
from YearRange
where DATEADD(Day, t.N, #WEEK) > CONVERT(DATE,taxseasonbegin)
AND DATEADD(Day, t.N, #WEEK) <= CONVERT (DATE,taxSeasonEnd)
) y
where t.N <= 7;

Please can you provide sample data?
You can do something like:
SELECT DateIncrement = SUM(DATEADD(D,#CNT,#WEEK)) OVER (ORDER BY officeID)
FROM...
This gets an incremented date value for each record which you can then check against your start and end dates.

You could try some Kind of this one. This gives you the data I think you Need for your insert. I do not have a table named YEARRANGE so I couldn't test it completely
DECLARE #CNT INT = 0, #WEEK DATE = '2015-11-01', #FLAG INT;
CREATE TABLE #Tmpdata (officeId int,id smallint, weekDate date,startsOn varchar(10),endsOn varchar(10),flag bit);
WITH CTE AS
(
SELECT num AS cnt,
DATEADD(D, SUM(num) OVER(ORDER BY num ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
, #WEEK) AS [week]
FROM
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY nl) -1 AS num
FROM
(SELECT NULL AS nl UNION ALL SELECT NULL AS nl UNION ALL SELECT NULL AS nl UNION ALL SELECT NULL AS nl
UNION ALL SELECT NULL AS nl UNION ALL SELECT NULL AS nl UNION ALL SELECT NULL AS nl
) AS ni
) AS no
)
INSERT INTO #Tmpdata (officeId,id,weekDate,startsOn,endsOn,flag)
SELECT 5134 AS officeID, cnt AS id, [week],'09:00 AM' AS startsOn,'05:00 PM' AS endsOn, COALESCE(A1.flag,0) AS flag
FROM CTE
OUTER APPLY (SELECT 1
FROM YEARRANGE
WHERE [week] BETWEEN CONVERT(DATE,taxseasonbegin)
AND CONVERT (DATE,taxSeasonEnd)
) AS A1(flag);

In a set of overlapping, version-numbered intervals, find the most recent version at each point in time

I'm working with a set of date intervals where each interval has a version number and new intervals will frequently overlap old ones, or even be subsets of them. From this data I need to calculate a new set of intervals that shows the most recent version number, at each point in time. Is there a set-based solution to this problem?
Here's an illustration:
Interval 1: 11111111111111111111111
Interval 2: 2222222222
Interval 3: 33333333333333
Interval 4: 444444444
Interval 5: 555555555
Result : 11333333333333331155555555544
Here is a sample of the data I'm working with:
groupId startDate endDate version
-------- --------- ---------- ------
1 1/1/2010 1/1/2011 1
1 10/1/2010 7/5/2011 2
1 7/5/2011 8/13/2012 3
1 8/13/2012 12/31/2012 6
1 10/1/2012 11/1/2012 8
... and the desired output:
groupId startDate endDate version
-------- --------- ---------- ------
1 1/1/2010 10/1/2010 1
1 10/1/2010 7/5/2011 2
1 7/5/2011 8/13/2012 3
1 8/13/2011 10/1/2012 6
1 10/1/2012 11/1/2012 8 << note how version 8 supersedes version 6
1 11/1/2012 12/31/2012 6 << version 6 is split into two records
I haven't found any other examples of this problem, my googling only turns up queries that identify gaps and islands or covering sets.
I think I have an iterative solution (SQL Server 2008). It starts with a temp table for intervals in the result set and defines the start and end points for the range that we want to cover by inserting records with special version numbers. Then, it repeatedly identifies gaps between result set intervals and attempts to fill them with the most recent records from the original data set, until there are no more gaps or no more records to add:
GO
-- Create data set and results table
CREATE TABLE #Data (
groupId INT
,startDate DATE
,endDate DATE
,versionId INT
)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2007-12-22', '2008-12-22', 8)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2008-12-22', '2009-12-22', 9)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2009-12-22', '2010-12-22', 10)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2010-12-22', '2011-12-22', 11)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2011-01-01', '2011-11-30', 500)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2011-12-22', '2012-12-22', 12)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2012-01-22', '2012-12-22', 13)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2012-01-22', '2012-12-22', 14)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2012-04-22', '2012-12-22', 17)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (1, '2012-04-22', '2012-12-22', 19)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (2, '2010-01-01', '2011-01-01', 1)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (2, '2010-10-01', '2011-07-05', 2)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (2, '2011-07-05', '2012-08-13', 3)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (2, '2012-08-13', '2012-12-31', 6)
INSERT INTO #Data (groupId, startDate, endDate, versionId) VALUES (2, '2012-10-01', '2012-11-01', 8)
CREATE TABLE #Results (
groupId VARCHAR(10)
,startDate DATE
,endDate DATE
,versionId BIGINT
)
DECLARE #startDate DATE
DECLARE #endDate DATE
DECLARE #placeholderId BIGINT
SET #startDate = '20030101'
SET #endDate = '20121231'
SET #placeholderId = 999999999999999
INSERT #Results
SELECT DISTINCT
groupId
,CASE WHEN MIN(startDate) < #startDate THEN MIN(startDate) ELSE #startDate END
,CASE WHEN MIN(startDate) < #startDate THEN #startDate ELSE MIN(startDate) END
,#placeholderId
FROM #data
GROUP BY groupId
UNION ALL
SELECT DISTINCT
groupId
,CASE WHEN MAX(endDate) < #endDate THEN MAX(endDate) ELSE #endDate END
,CASE WHEN MAX(endDate) < #endDate THEN #endDate ELSE MAX(endDate) END
,#placeholderId
FROM #data
GROUP BY groupId
GO
-- Fill gaps in results table
DECLARE #startDate DATE
DECLARE #endDate DATE
DECLARE #placeholderId BIGINT
SET #startDate = '20030101'
SET #endDate = '20111231'
SET #placeholderId = 999999999999999
DECLARE #counter INT
SET #counter = 0
WHILE #counter < 10
BEGIN
SET #counter = #counter + 1;
WITH Gaps AS (
SELECT
gs.groupId
,gs.startDate
,MIN(ge.endDate) as endDate
,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY gs.groupId, gs.startDate) as gapId
FROM (
SELECT groupId, endDate as startDate
FROM #Results r1
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM #Results r2
WHERE r2.groupId = r1.groupId
AND r2.versionId <> r1.versionId
AND r2.startDate <= r1.endDate
AND r2.endDate > r1.endDate
)
AND NOT (endDate >= #endDate AND versionId = #placeholderId)
) gs
INNER JOIN (
SELECT groupId, startDate as endDate
FROM #Results r1
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM #Results r2
WHERE r2.groupId = r1.groupId
AND r2.versionId <> r1.versionId
AND r2.endDate >= r1.startDate
AND r2.startDate < r1.startDate
)
AND NOT (startDate <= #startDate AND versionId = #placeholderId)
) ge
ON ge.groupId = gs.groupId
AND ge.endDate >= gs.startDate
GROUP BY gs.groupId, gs.startDate
)
INSERT #Results (
groupId
,startDate
,endDate
,versionId
)
SELECT
d.groupId
,CASE WHEN d.startDate < g.startDate THEN g.startDate ELSE d.startDate END
,CASE WHEN d.endDate > g.endDate THEN g.endDate ELSE d.endDate END
,d.versionId
FROM #Data d
INNER JOIN Gaps g
ON g.groupId = d.groupId
AND g.startDate <= d.endDate
AND g.endDate >= d.startDate
INNER JOIN (
SELECT
d.groupId
,gapId
,MAX(d.versionId) as versionId
FROM #Data d
INNER JOIN Gaps g
ON g.groupId = d.groupId
AND g.startDate <= d.endDate
AND g.endDate >= d.startDate
WHERE d.versionId < (
SELECT MIN(versionId)
FROM #Results r
WHERE r.groupId = d.groupId
AND (r.startDate = g.endDate OR r.endDate = g.startDate)
)
AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM #Data dsup
WHERE dsup.groupId = d.groupId
AND dsup.versionId > d.versionId
AND dsup.startDate <= d.startDate
AND dsup.endDate >= d.endDate
)
GROUP BY
d.groupId
,g.gapId
) mg
ON mg.groupId = g.groupId
AND mg.gapId = g.gapId
AND mg.versionId = d.versionId
END
SELECT *
FROM #Results
WHERE versionId <> #placeholderId
order by groupId, startDate
A set-based solution would be much more useful, but I've struggled to find one. Any ideas?

-- create a dates table
create table dates (thedate date primary key clustered);
;with dates(thedate) as (
select dateadd(yy,years.number,0)+days.number
from master..spt_values years
join master..spt_values days
on days.type='p' and days.number < datepart(dy,dateadd(yy,years.number+1,0)-1)
where years.type='p' and years.number between 100 and 150
-- note: 100-150 creates dates in the year range 2000-2050
-- adjust as required
)
insert dbo.dates select * from dates;
-- for each date, determine the prevailing version
select t.groupId, d.thedate, max(t.versionId) versionId
into #tmp1
from dates d
join #Data t on t.startDate <= d.thedate and d.thedate <= t.endDate
group by t.groupId, d.thedate;
-- create index to help
create clustered index cix_tmp1 on #tmp1(groupId, thedate, versionId);
-- find the start dates
;with t as (
select a.*, rn=row_number() over (partition by a.groupId order by a.thedate)
from #tmp1 a
left join #tmp1 b on b.thedate = dateadd(d,-1,a.thedate) and a.groupId = b.groupId and a.versionId = b.versionId
where b.versionId is null
)
select c.groupId, c.thedate startdate, dateadd(d,-1,d.thedate) enddate, c.versionId
from t c
left join t d on d.rn=c.rn+1 and c.groupId = d.groupId
order by groupId, startdate;
Of course, you can do everything in "one query" but do it at your peril, as the performance goes down the drain, big time.
DO NOT USE - for academic interest only-
;with dates(thedate) as (
select dateadd(yy,years.number,0)+days.number
from master..spt_values years
join master..spt_values days
on days.type='p' and days.number < datepart(dy,dateadd(yy,years.number+1,0)-1)
where years.type='p' and years.number between 100 and 150
-- note: 100-150 creates dates in the year range 2000-2050
-- adjust as required
), tmp1 as (
select t.groupId, d.thedate, max(t.versionId) versionId
from dates d
join #Data t on t.startDate <= d.thedate and d.thedate <= t.endDate
group by t.groupId, d.thedate
), t as (
select a.*, rn=row_number() over (partition by a.groupId order by a.thedate)
from tmp1 a
left join tmp1 b on b.thedate = dateadd(d,-1,a.thedate) and a.groupId = b.groupId and a.versionId = b.versionId
where b.versionId is null
)
select c.groupId, c.thedate startdate, dateadd(d,-1,d.thedate) enddate, c.versionId
from t c
left join t d on d.rn=c.rn+1 and c.groupId = d.groupId
order by groupId, startdate;

Updated due to some feedback from the comments. I'm not going to worry about the end cases that a few people have pointed out since they've been proven trivial to solve in other Answers, but I wanted to go ahead and get a working version out that didn't require DDL... I figure it's just good to have options. :-)
This code should work:
select nesty.groupId, nesty.startDate, nesty.segment_end_date, Max(bob.versionId)
from(
select starter.groupId, starter.startDate,
coalesce(DATEADD(DAY,-1,ender.startDate),('2012-12-31')) AS segment_end_date
from
(select groupId, startDate, ROW_NUMBER() over (partition by groupID order by startDate) as rownumber from
(select groupID, startDate from #Data union select groupID, DATEADD(DAY, 1,endDate) as startDate from #Data) xx) starter
left outer join
(select groupId, startDate, ROW_NUMBER() over (partition by groupID order by startDate) as rownumber from
(select groupID, startDate from #Data union select groupID, DATEADD(DAY, 1,endDate) as startDate from #Data) xy) ender on
starter.groupId = ender.groupId and
starter.rownumber = ender.rownumber - 1
where
starter.startDate<= coalesce(DATEADD(DAY,-1,ender.startDate),('2012-12-31'))
) nesty
left outer join #Data bob on
bob.groupId = nesty.groupId and
nesty.segment_end_date between bob.startDate and bob.endDate
group by nesty.groupId, nesty.startDate, nesty.segment_end_date
order by nesty.groupId, nesty.startDate
There are a couple of tiny caveats I had to do to get it into a single SQL statement. First, the max end date is not dynamic; I hard coded '2012-12-31'. You can replace it with a MAX(endDate), but you can't put that in the GROUP BY statement. If you can do this in a procedure, you can do:
select into #max_end_date MAX(endDate) from #Data
and replace '2012-12-31' with #max_end_date.
Second, I do not guarantee that two adjacent segments won't have the same value! This may or may not be important to you... that is, if you had the following:
Interval 1: 111111
Interval 2: 22222222222222
Your output would be:
Interval 1: 2222
Interval 2: 2222222222
Still, I think it's worth hitting it in a simple and efficient SQL query. It may not be hard to fix those caveats, but it didn't matter to what I was working on, so I haven't bothered yet.

If the end dates are important, as well as gaps, here's a way you can do it. This solution could also be adapted to work if your versions are datetimes instead of just dates.
First a bunch of functions
One to get the version at a given date
Create Function dbo.VersionAtDate(#GroupID int, #Date datetime) Returns int as
Begin
Declare #Ret int = Null
Select
#Ret = Max(VersionID)
From
VersionedIntervals iv
Where
iv.GroupID = #GroupID And
iv.StartDate <= #Date And
iv.EndDate + 1 > #Date -- if dates were half open intervals this would just be iv.EndDate > #Date
Return #Ret
End
Next to get the midpoint of two datetimes (minute resolution):
Create Function dbo.Midpoint(#Start datetime, #End datetime) Returns datetime as
Begin
Return DateAdd(Minute, DateDiff(Minute, #Start, #End) / 2, #Start)
End
Version at a midpoint:
Create Function dbo.VersionAtMidpoint(#GroupID int, #Start datetime, #End datetime) returns int as
Begin
Return dbo.VersionAtDate(#GroupID, dbo.Midpoint(#Start, #End))
End;
Finally a table valued function to help with the fact that some points are the start of one range and the end of another, and it helps to get two rows from one input for this:
-- returns two rows if a point is the end of one interval and the
-- start of another
Create Function dbo.EndPoints(#GroupID int, #RN bigint, #Start datetime, #End datetime, #Next datetime, #Version int)
Returns #EndPoints Table (
GroupID int,
RN bigint,
Version int,
StartDate datetime,
EndDate datetime
) As
Begin
Declare #NextVersion int, #VersionAtMidpoint int
Set #NextVersion = dbo.VersionAtDate(#GroupID, #Next)
If #NextVersion = #Version
-- interval carries on
Insert Into #EndPoints Select #GroupID, #RN, #Version, #Start, #Next
Else
Begin
-- interval has ended
Set #VersionAtMidpoint = dbo.VersionAtMidPoint(#GroupID, #End, #Next)
If #VersionAtMidpoint != #Version
-- we have something like this, start a run of 3s (run of 4s is already ended by previous call)
-- 3333333
-- 44
Insert Into #EndPoints Select #GroupID, #RN, #VersionAtMidpoint, #End, #Next
Else
Begin
-- We have something like this, end the run of 3s and start the run of fours
-- 33333
-- 444
Insert Into #EndPoints Select #GroupID, -1, #Version, #Start, #Next
Insert Into #EndPoints Select #GroupID, #RN, #NextVersion, #Next, #Next
End
End
Return
End
With all this machinery in place, finally a recursive CTE plust table variable, you'll need to set maxrecursion appropriately:
Declare #Bounds Table (GroupID int, RN bigint, BoundDate datetime, Primary Key (GroupID, RN))
Insert Into
#Bounds
Select
GroupID,
Row_Number() Over (Partition By GroupID Order By BoundDate),
BoundDate
From (
Select
GroupID,
StartDate As BoundDate
From
dbo.VersionedIntervals
Union
Select
GroupID,
EndDate
From
dbo.VersionedIntervals
) a
;With VersionedBounds (GroupID, RN, StartDate, EndDate, Version) as (
Select
GroupID,
RN,
BoundDate,
BoundDate,
dbo.VersionAtDate(GroupID, BoundDate)
From
#Bounds
Where
RN = 1
Union All
Select
e.GroupID,
e.RN,
e.StartDate,
e.EndDate,
e.Version
From
#Bounds b
Inner Join
VersionedBounds v
On v.GroupID = b.GroupID And b.RN = v.RN + 1
Cross Apply
dbo.EndPoints(v.GroupID, b.RN, v.StartDate, v.EndDate, b.BoundDate, v.Version) e
)
Select
GroupID,
StartDate,
Max(EndDate) As EndDate,
Max(Version) As Version
From
VersionedBounds
Group By
GroupID,
StartDate
Order By
GroupID,
StartDate
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!6/b95bd/2

SHOW ALL Dates data between two dates; if no row exists for particular date then show zero in all columns

I want to show all dates between two dates when there is any date data missing then its should show zero in val column .
declare #temp table (
id int identity(1,1) not null,
CDate smalldatetime ,
val int
)
INSERT STATEMENT FOR DATA TO CHECK
insert into #temp select '10/2/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/3/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/5/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/7/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/9/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/10/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/13/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/15/2012',2
Retrieve records between first day of month and today
select * from #temp where CDate between '10/01/2012' AND '10/15/2012'
As i run this query its show me all data between these two dates but i want to also include missing dates with val=0
SQL FIDDLE WITH SAMPLE DATA

;with d(date) as (
select cast('10/01/2012' as datetime)
union all
select date+1
from d
where date < '10/15/2012'
)
select t.ID, d.date CDate, isnull(t.val, 0) val
from d
left join temp t
on t.CDate = d.date
order by d.date
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0) -- use this if your dates are >99 days apart
You need to make up the dates, so I've use a recursive common table expression here.
SQL Fiddle
MAXRECURSION number
Specifies the maximum number of recursions allowed for this query. number is a nonnegative
integer between 0 and 32767. When 0 is specified, no limit is applied. If this option is
not specified, the default limit for the server is 100.
When the specified or default number for MAXRECURSION limit is reached during query
execution, the query is ended and an error is returned.

This will work as long as there are less than 2047 days between from and to dates
declare #from smalldatetime = '10/01/2012'
declare #to smalldatetime = '10/15/2012'
select t.id, dateadd(day, number,#from), isnull(val, 0) val from #temp t
right join master..spt_values s
on dateadd(d, s.number, #from) = t.CDate
where
datediff(day, #from, #to ) > s.number
and s.type = 'P'

I think the best way to do this is to create your own table with dates (you can also use master.dbo.spt_values, but I personally don't like that solution)
declare #Temp_Dates table (CDate datetime)
declare #Date datetime
select #Date = (select min(CDate) from temp)
while #Date <= (select max(CDate) from temp)
begin
insert into #Temp_Dates (CDate)
select #Date
select #Date = dateadd(dd, 1, #Date)
end
select D.CDate, isnull(T.id, 0) as id
from #Temp_Dates as D
left outer join temp as T on T.CDate = D.CDate
you can also use recursive solution with CTE

DECLARE #min DATETIME,
#max DATETIME,
#val INT
SELECT #min = Min(CDATE),
#max = Max(CDATE)
FROM TEMP
DECLARE #temp TABLE
(
CDATE SMALLDATETIME,
VAL INT
)
WHILE #min < #max
BEGIN
SELECT #val = VAL
FROM TEMP
WHERE CDATE = #min
INSERT #temp
VALUES (#min,
#val)
SET #min = Dateadd(D, 1, #min)
SET #val = 0
END
SELECT *
FROM #temp

Declare #temp Table(id int identity(1,1) not null,CDate smalldatetime ,val int)
insert into #temp select '10/2/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/3/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/5/2012',1
insert into #temp select '10/7/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/9/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/10/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/13/2012',2
insert into #temp select '10/15/2012',2
DECLARE #startDate DATE= '10/01/2012'
DECLARE #endDate DATE= '10/15/2012'
SELECT t.Id, X.[Date],Val = COALESCE(t.val,0)
FROM
(SELECT [Date] = DATEADD(Day,Number,#startDate)
FROM master..spt_values
WHERE Type='P'
AND DATEADD(day,Number,#startDate) <= #endDate)X
LEFT JOIN #temp t
ON X.[Date] = t.CDate

using a recursive cte with min and max
declare #T table (id int identity(1,1) primary key, dt date not null, val int not null);
insert into #T (dt, val) values
('10/2/2012',1)
, ('10/3/2012',1)
, ('10/5/2012',1)
, ('10/7/2012',2)
, ('10/9/2012',2)
, ('10/10/2012',2)
, ('10/13/2012',2)
, ('10/15/2012',2);
--select * from #T;
with cte as
( select min(dt) as dt, max(dt) as mx
from #T
union all
select dateadd(dd, 1, dt), mx
from CTE
where dt < mx
)
select c.dt, isnull(t.val, 0) as val
from cte c
left join #T t
on c.dt = t.dt
order by c.dt
option (maxrecursion 0);
dt val
---------- -----------
2012-10-02 1
2012-10-03 1
2012-10-04 0
2012-10-05 1
2012-10-06 0
2012-10-07 2
2012-10-08 0
2012-10-09 2
2012-10-10 2
2012-10-11 0
2012-10-12 0
2012-10-13 2
2012-10-14 0
2012-10-15 2