Generate histogram from regex matches - sql

Sorry if this is an obvious question. I'm quite new to SQL and couldn't manage to adapt other examples out there to my needs.
I have a table (Postgres 9.3) defined as:
CREATE TABLE scripts (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
content TEXT NOT NULL);
The content column contains the content of various scripts. I'm interested in counting how many times distinct function calls occur in these scripts.
I've managed to construct a query that runs a regex over the contents, and pulls out all the function calls (as funcs)
SELECT id, name, regexp_matches(LOWER(content), '(\w+\.\w+)\(', 'g') AS funcs
FROM scripts
GROUP BY id, name, funcs;
The output looks something like
1, myscript, {class.m1}<br>
2, otherscript, {class_b.method4}<br>
2, otherscript, {class.m1}<br>
3, last_script, {classname.method2}<br>
3, last_script, {class.m1}<br>
3, last_script, {class_b.method4}<br>
I would really like to turn this into a table that shows a tally of each distinct function. Something like
class.m1, 3
class_b.method4, 2
classname.method2, 1
This is what I have so far:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT funcs) FROM (
SELECT tsr_id, name, regexp_matches(LOWER(content), '(\w+\.\w+)\(', 'g') AS funcs
FROM tsr_conf.rules
GROUP BY tsr_id, name, funcs
) x
But unfortunately it just gives me the total count of distinct functions. Any advice on how to count the occurances of each distinct function would be most appreciated!

Given what your first query returns, a group by should do what you want:
SELECT funcs, COUNT(*)
FROM (SELECT tsr_id, name, regexp_matches(LOWER(content), '(\w+\.\w+)\(', 'g') AS funcs
FROM tsr_conf.rules
GROUP BY tsr_id, name, funcs
) x
GROUP BY funcs;
You could actually write this more simply as:
SELECT regexp_matches(LOWER(content), '(\w+\.\w+)\(', 'g') AS funcs, COUNT(DISTINCT tsr_id, name)
FROM tsr_conf.rules
GROUP BY funcs;

Related

Bigquery SQL: convert array to columns

I have a table with a field A where each entry is a fixed length array A of integers (say length=1000). I want to know how to convert it into 1000 columns, with column name given by index_i, for i=0,1,2,...,999, and each element is the corresponding integer. I can have it done by something like
A[OFFSET(0)] as index_0,
A[OFFSET(1)] as index_1
A[OFFSET(2)] as index_2,
A[OFFSET(3)] as index_3,
A[OFFSET(4)] as index_4,
...
A[OFFSET(999)] as index_999,
I want to know what would be an elegant way of doing this. thanks!
The first thing to say is that, sadly, this is going to be much more complicated than most people expect. It can be conceptually easier to pass the values into a scripting language (e.g. Python) and work there, but clearly keeping things inside BigQuery is going to be much more performant. So here is an approach.
Cross-joining to turn array fields into long-format tables
I think the first thing you're going to want to do is get the values out of the arrays and into rows.
Typically in BigQuery this is accomplished using CROSS JOIN. The syntax is a tad unintuitive:
WITH raw AS (
SELECT "A" AS name, [1,2,3,4,5] AS a
UNION ALL
SELECT "B" AS name, [5,4,3,2,1] AS a
),
long_format AS (
SELECT name, vals
FROM raw
CROSS JOIN UNNEST(raw.a) AS vals
)
SELECT * FROM long_format
UNNEST(raw.a) is taking those arrays of values and turning each array into a set of (five) rows, every single one of which is then joined to the corresponding value of name (the definition of a CROSS JOIN). In this way we can 'unwrap' a table with an array field.
This will yields results like
name | vals
-------------
A | 1
A | 2
A | 3
A | 4
A | 5
B | 5
B | 4
B | 3
B | 2
B | 1
Confusingly, there is a shorthand for this syntax in which CROSS JOIN is replaced with a simple comma:
WITH raw AS (
SELECT "A" AS name, [1,2,3,4,5] AS a
UNION ALL
SELECT "B" AS name, [5,4,3,2,1] AS a
),
long_format AS (
SELECT name, vals
FROM raw, UNNEST(raw.a) AS vals
)
SELECT * FROM long_format
This is more compact but may be confusing if you haven't seen it before.
Typically this is where we stop. We have a long-format table, created without any requirement that the original arrays all had the same length. What you're asking for is harder to produce - you want a wide-format table containing the same information (relying on the fact that each array was the same length.
Pivot tables in BigQuery
The good news is that BigQuery now has a PIVOT function! That makes this kind of operation possible, albeit non-trivial:
WITH raw AS (
SELECT "A" AS name, [1,2,3,4,5] AS a
UNION ALL
SELECT "B" AS name, [5,4,3,2,1] AS a
),
long_format AS (
SELECT name, vals, offset
FROM raw, UNNEST(raw.a) AS vals WITH OFFSET
)
SELECT *
FROM long_format PIVOT(
ANY_VALUE(vals) AS vals
FOR offset IN (0,1,2,3,4)
)
This makes use of WITH OFFSET to generate an extra offset column (so that we know which order the values in the array originally had).
Also, in general pivoting requires us to aggregate the values returned in each cell. But here we expect exactly one value for each combination of name and offset, so we simply use the aggregation function ANY_VALUE, which non-deterministically selects a value from the group you're aggregating over. Since, in this case, each group has exactly one value, that's the value retrieved.
The query yields results like:
name vals_0 vals_1 vals_2 vals_3 vals_4
----------------------------------------------
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 5 4 3 2 1
This is starting to look pretty good, but we have a fundamental issue, in that the column names are still hard-coded. You wanted them generated dynamically.
Unfortunately expressions for the pivot column values aren't something PIVOT can accept out-of-the-box. Note that BigQuery has no way to know that your long-format table will resolve neatly to a fixed number of columns (it relies on offset having the values 0-4 for each and every set of records).
Dynamically building/executing the pivot
And yet, there is a way. We will have to leave behind the comfort of standard SQL and move into the realm of BigQuery Procedural Language.
What we must do is use the expression EXECUTE IMMEDIATE, which allows us to dynamically construct and execute a standard SQL query!
(as an aside, I bet you - OP or future searchers - weren't expecting this rabbit hole...)
This is, of course, inelegant to say the least. But here is the above toy example, implemented using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE. The trick is that the executed query is defined as a string, so we just have to use an expression to inject the full range of values you want into this string.
Recall that || can be used as a string concatenation operator.
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE """
WITH raw AS (
SELECT "A" AS name, [1,2,3,4,5] AS a
UNION ALL
SELECT "B" AS name, [5,4,3,2,1] AS a
),
long_format AS (
SELECT name, vals, offset
FROM raw, UNNEST(raw.a) AS vals WITH OFFSET
)
SELECT *
FROM long_format PIVOT(
ANY_VALUE(vals) AS vals
FOR offset IN ("""
|| (SELECT STRING_AGG(CAST(x AS STRING)) FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_ARRAY(0,4)) AS x)
|| """
)
)
"""
Ouch. I've tried to make that as readable as possible. Near the bottom there is an expression that generates the list of column suffices (pivoted values of offset):
(SELECT STRING_AGG(CAST(x AS STRING)) FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_ARRAY(0,4)) AS x)
This generates the string "0,1,2,3,4" which is then concatenated to give us ...FOR offset IN (0,1,2,3,4)... in our final query (as in the hard-coded example before).
REALLY dynamically executing the pivot
It hasn't escaped my notice that this is still technically insisting on your knowing up-front how long those arrays are! It's a big improvement (in the narrow sense of avoiding painful repetitive code) to use GENERATE_ARRAY(0,4), but it's not quite what was requested.
Unfortunately, I can't provide a working toy example, but I can tell you how to do it. You would simply replace the pivot values expression with
(SELECT STRING_AGG(DISTINCT CAST(offset AS STRING)) FROM long_format)
But doing this in the example above won't work, because long_format is a Common Table Expression that is only defined inside the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE block. The statement in that block won't be executed until after building it, so at build-time long_format has yet to be defined.
Yet all is not lost. This will work just fine:
SELECT *
FROM d.long_format PIVOT(
ANY_VALUE(vals) AS vals
FOR offset IN ("""
|| (SELECT STRING_AGG(DISTINCT CAST(offset AS STRING)) FROM d.long_format)
|| """
)
)
... provided you first define a BigQuery VIEW (for example) called long_format (or, better, some more expressive name) in a dataset d. That way, both the job that builds the query and the job that runs it will have access to the values.
If successful, you should see both jobs execute and succeed. You should then click 'VIEW RESULTS' on the job that ran the query.
As a final aside, this assumes you are working from the BigQuery console. If you're instead working from a scripting language, that gives you plenty of options to either load and manipulate the data, or build the query in your scripting language rather than massaging BigQuery into doing it for you.
Consider below approach
execute immediate ( select '''
select * except(id) from (
select to_json_string(A) id, * except(A)
from your_table, unnest(A) value with offset
)
pivot (any_value(value) index for offset in ('''
|| (select string_agg('' || val order by offset) from unnest(generate_array(0,999)) val with offset) || '))'
)
If to apply to dummy data like below (with 10 instead of 1000 elements)
select [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] as A union all
select [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] as A union all
select [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39] as A
the output is

sql: JSON_QUERY() function to extract objects

I have a field in my dataset that include json objects in the following format:
cars
[{"element":{"name":"honda","id":"34"}}]
[{"element":{"name":"Lexus","id":"56"}}]
I am using the following query to extract the names of the cars, but just returns empty (null) rows. Any ideas what I am doing wrong?
select JSON_QUERY(cars,"$.name") AS car_names
from myTable
limit 100
Consider below approach
select *,
( select string_agg(json_extract_scalar(car, '$.element.name'))
from unnest(json_extract_array(cars)) car
) car_names
from `project.dataset.table`
if applied to sample data in your question - as in below example
with `project.dataset.table` as (
select '[{"element":{"name":"honda","id":"34"}}]' cars union all
select '[{"element":{"name":"Lexus","id":"56"}}]'
)
select *,
( select string_agg(json_extract_scalar(car, '$.element.name'))
from unnest(json_extract_array(cars)) car
) car_names
from `project.dataset.table`
the output is
if you are trying to extract a scalar value, You should simply use JSON_VALUE(expression,path)
For Example:
An object of Info contain a variable name and another object address,
You can get the value of name by using JSON_VALUE as it isn't an object
BUT
To get the address, you have to use JSON_QUERY.

Is there a way to check if any items in a string array are in a string in Snowflake/Redshift?

I am looking for a way to check if a string contains any words in another field which is a single string that holds a list of items. Something like this...
id items (STRING)
1 burger;hotdog
I have a second dataset that might look like...
transaction_id description amount
10 cheeseburger 10
Now I need to grab the amount if the description matches any items in the first table, in this case it does match with the string burger, however, i can't seem to get the SQL right since if I were to use LIKE ANY in Snowflake, i'd need to pass in **('%burger%",'%hotdog%') which are two separate strings - in this case I can't make explicit calls as each id/item permutation may be different in the first table. While in Redshift when I try to use
CASE WHEN lower(t.description) SIMILAR TO '%(' || replace(items,';','|') || ')%' then amount END
I get the following error: Specified types or functions (one per INFO message) not supported on Redshift tables.
Thanks in advance!
If your wanting a snowflake answer:
WITH keys AS (
SELECT * FROM VALUES (1,'burger;hotdog') a(id,items)
), data AS (
SELECT * FROM VALUES (10,'cheeseburger',10) b(transaction_id, description, amount)
), seq_keys AS (
SELECT s.seq_id, f.value as key
FROM (
SELECT seq8() as seq_id, k.*
FROM keys AS k
) AS s
,lateral flatten(input=>split(s.items,';')) F
)
SELECT d.*, sk.*
FORM data d
JOIN seq_keys sk ON d.description ILIKE '%'||sk.key||'%'
gives:
TRANSACTION_ID DESCRIPTION AMOUNT SEQ_ID KEY
10 cheeseburger 10 0 "burger"
which is you distinct on the SEQ_ID then you can de-dupe if there are multi keys that match.. I would be inclined to also add an ID to the "data table".

ORDER BY and UNION in SQLPLUS issue

I am giving the following error: "ORA-01785: ORDER BY item must be the number of a SELECT-list expression" when I try to select id_prof using "order by" while making a union between to columns from different tables.
The command is as follows:
select substr(nume, 1, 1)||'.'||regexp_replace(prenume, '[aeiou]', null, 1, 0, 'i') as "Rododendron"
from studenti
union
select ceil(sqrt(to_number(substr (id_prof, 2, 1))*2)) as "Fata de con"
from profesori
where grup_didactic = 'Lect'
order by to_number(substr (id_prof, 2, 1)) desc;
The tables are in the following pictures: FirstPicture SecondPicture
I would like to have in the end two columns.
The first one should include the first letter from "nume", concatenated with '.' and "prenume" without vowels (column named "Rododendron").
In the second one I want to have the square root, rounded upper, from the double of id_prof's number (column named "Fata de con"), for everything that can be found in "profesori", where grup_didactic = 'lector' and everything is ordered desc after id_prof.
Any help, please?
Oracle says that you can't sort the result by column that isn't contained in the SELECT column list; such as in this simple Scott's schema example:
SQL> select ename from emp
2 union
3 select dname from dept
4 order by substr(ename, 1, 3);
order by substr(ename, 1, 3)
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-01785: ORDER BY item must be the number of a SELECT-list expression
I'd say that sorting is the least of your problems, currently. UNION won't return two columns; remove ORDER BY and see for yourself - if you're lucky, you'll get a single column.
This is what you do now:
select col from studenti
union
select another_col from profesori
while you want to get
select col, another_col
from ...
FROM clause is tricky, as it seems that you're selecting from two different tables. Can you join them so that query looks like the second option? If not, you can always do a Cartesian product, but that will most probably be a wrong result.
It would help if you provided sample input data and explain how to get the result out of that input.

Purposely having a query return blank entries at regular intervals

I want to write a query that returns 3 results followed by blank results followed by the next 3 results, and so on. So if my database had this data:
CREATE TABLE table (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer);
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c,d)
VALUES (1,2,3,4),
(5,6,7,8),
(9,10,11,12),
(13,14,15,16),
(17,18,19,20),
(21,22,23,24),
(25,26,37,28);
I would want my query to return this
1,2,3,4
5,6,7,8
9,10,11,12
, , ,
13,14,15,16
17,18,19,20
21,22,23,24
, , ,
25,26,27,28
I need this to work for arbitrarily many entries that I select for, have three be grouped together like this.
I'm running postgresql 8.3
This should work flawlessly in PostgreSQL 8.3
SELECT a, b, c, d
FROM (
SELECT rn, 0 AS rk, (x[rn]).*
FROM (
SELECT x, generate_series(1, array_upper(x, 1)) AS rn
FROM (SELECT ARRAY(SELECT tbl FROM tbl) AS x) x
) y
UNION ALL
SELECT generate_series(3, (SELECT count(*) FROM tbl), 3), 1, (NULL::tbl).*
ORDER BY rn, rk
) z
Major points
Works for a query that selects all columns of tbl.
Works for any table.
For selecting arbitrary columns you have to substitute (NULL::tbl).* with a matching number of NULL columns in the second query.
Assuming that NULL values are ok for "blank" rows.
If not, you'll have to cast your columns to text in the first and substitute '' for NULL in the second SELECT.
Query will be slow with very big tables.
If I had to do it, I would write a plpgsql function that loops through the results and inserts the blank rows. But you mentioned you had no direct access to the db ...
In short, no, there's not an easy way to do this, and generally, you shouldn't try. The database is concerned with what your data actually is, not how it's going to be displayed. It's not an appropriate scope of responsibility to expect your database to return "dummy" or "extra" data so that some down-stream process produces a desired output. The generating script needs to do that.
As you can't change your down-stream process, you could (read that with a significant degree of skepticism and disdain) add things like this:
Select Top 3
a, b, c, d
From
table
Union Select Top 1
'', '', '', ''
From
table
Union Select Top 3 Skip 3
a, b, c, d
From
table
Please, don't actually try do that.
You can do it (at least on DB2 - there doesn't appear to be equivalent functionality for your version of PostgreSQL).
No looping needed, although there is a bit of trickery involved...
Please note that though this works, it's really best to change your display code.
Statement requires CTEs (although that can be re-written to use other table references), and OLAP functions (I guess you could re-write it to count() previous rows in a subquery, but...).
WITH dataList (rowNum, dataColumn) as (SELECT CAST(CAST(:interval as REAL) /
(:interval - 1) * ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY dataColumn) as INTEGER),
dataColumn
FROM dataTable),
blankIncluder(rowNum, dataColumn) as (SELECT rowNum, dataColumn
FROM dataList
UNION ALL
SELECT rowNum - 1, :blankDataColumn
FROM dataList
WHERE MOD(rowNum - 1, :interval) = 0
AND rowNum > :interval)
SELECT *
FROM dataList
ORDER BY rowNum
This will generate a list of those elements from the datatable, with a 'blank' line every interval lines, as ordered by the initial query. The result set only has 'blank' lines between existing lines - there are no 'blank' lines on the ends.