I'm trying to write some code that overrides the << operator for a given set, so it actually gives me the set between "{...}".
template<typename T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const set<T> & v){
iterator myIt = v.begin();
out << "{";
while(myIt != v.end()-1) {
out<<*myIt<<",";
myIt++;
}
out << *myIt << "}";
return out;
}
However this does not seem to work, someone who is willing to give me some advice?
It doesn't even compile correctly. Another problem is, you suppose your set is not empty.
C++11's facilities help a lot:
range-based for loop
type deduction
`
template <typename T>
ostream & operator<<(ostream& out, const set<T> & v) {
string sep = "{";
for (const auto &it : v) {
out << sep << it << v;
sep = ",";
}
return out << "}";
}
Related
I want to make a variable in companion object protected. I think when I make the variable protected, it would be accessible only from another class which inherit the variable's class, not from other classes or functions. But It doesn't work.
Here's my code
open class Population{
companion object{
#JvmStatic // Though I added it because of recommendation of IntelliJ, It still doesn't work.
protected var population_quantity: Int = 0
}
}
class Marin : Population(){
init{
population_quantity += 1 // I want to make it possible
}
}
class Checker : Population() {
fun printPopulationQuantity()
{
println(population_quantity) // I also want to make it possible
}
}
fun main(){
var m1 = Marin()
var checker = Checker()
// But I want to make codes below here impossible
// Population.population_quantity += 1
// println(Population.population_quantity)
}
Below is what I want to make which is made via C++. I hope below would clarify what I'm saying.
#include <iostream>
class Population
{
protected:
static int population_quantity;
};
int Population::population_quantity = 0;
class Marin : Population
{
public:
Marin()
{
std::cout << "Marin is generated" << std::endl;
population_quantity += 1;
}
~Marin()
{
std::cout << "Marin is dead" << std::endl;
population_quantity -= 1;
}
};
class Checker : Population
{
public:
void printPopulationQuantity()
{
std::cout << population_quantity << std::endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Checker checker;
checker.printPopulationQuantity();
Marin *m1 = new Marin();
checker.printPopulationQuantity();
// std::cout << "population : " << Population::population_quantity << std::endl;
// Can't access population_quantity from main which doesn't inherite Population
// because Population::population_qantity is protected.
// But it is possible to access Population:population_quantity from Marin which inherits Population.
delete m1;
checker.printPopulationQuantity();
return 0;
}
When you help me solve this problem, I'm sure that I would feel sincere thankful from bottom of my heart.
That is probably because in class Checker : Population you have a void function which is in public.
Try changing it to this:
class Checker : Population
{
protected:
void printPopulationQuantity()
{
std::cout << population_quantity << std::endl;
}
};
I would like to create a custom policy derived from strict_real_policies that will parse reals, such as "3,14", i.e. with a comma decimal point as used e.g. in Germany.
That should be easy, right?
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <boost/spirit/home/x3.hpp>
template <typename T>
struct decimal_comma_strict_real_policies:boost::spirit::x3::strict_real_policies<T>
{
template <typename Iterator>
static bool
parse_dot(Iterator& first, Iterator const& last)
{
if (first == last || *first != ',')
return false;
++first;
return true;
}
};
void parse(const std::string& input)
{
namespace x3=boost::spirit::x3;
std::cout << "Parsing '" << input << "'" << std::endl;
std::string::const_iterator iter=std::begin(input),end=std::end(input);
const auto parser = x3::real_parser<double, decimal_comma_strict_real_policies<double>>{};
double parsed_num;
bool result=x3::parse(iter,end,parser,parsed_num);
if(result && iter==end)
{
std::cout << "Parsed: " << parsed_num << std::endl;
}
else
{
std::cout << "Something failed." << std::endl;
}
}
int main()
{
parse("3,14");
parse("3.14");
}
i want to make container of futures ,each future is void result of a task so that i could use wait_for_any on the container ,each task is coroutine which i currently implement using yield_context,and inside this coroutine there initiating function which returns ec and result where i use ec to analyze result.and then another coroutine is called passes same yield_context .
i want to know how to make this design.
and if i ll use use_future ,how can i pass error code to ec not throwing it unless there is no way except throwing it ,in this case i ll put try and catch around async initiating functions.
all these tasks will be posted ,spawned ... on asio io_service .
this is my main parts of code:
this is the spawn of task
boost::asio::spawn(GetServiceReference(), boost::bind(&HTTPRequest::Execute, boost::placeholders::_1, m_HttpClient_request_name, Get_mHTTPClient_Responses_Map()));
and this is the coroutine using yield_context
void HTTPRequest::Execute(boost::asio::yield_context yield_r, std::string request_name, std::map<std::string, boost::shared_ptr<HTTPResponse>>& mHTTPClient_Responses_Map)
{
resolver_iterator iterator_connect = boost::asio::async_connect(mSock, iterator_resolve, yield_r[ec]);
}
and inside Execute we use ec to analyze
if (ec == boost::system::errc::errc_t::success){}
and here we start another coroutine passing same yield_context
SendRequest(yield_r);
}
i want to change this so i have container of futures for all spawned Execute,i do not care about results of Execute because i put them to member class Response.
But i need result in future so that i can use wait_any on the container .
If you can change your implementation, use the async_result pattern.
This makes it so you can use your method with any of the approaches (completion handler, yield context or use_future).
I reproduce the self-contained example from here for inspiration:
Comprehensive Demo
Showing how to use it with with
coro's and yield[ec]
coro's and yield + exceptions
std::future
completion handlers
Live On Coliru
#define BOOST_COROUTINES_NO_DEPRECATION_WARNING
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/use_future.hpp>
using boost::system::error_code;
namespace asio = boost::asio;
template <typename Token>
auto async_meaning_of_life(bool success, Token&& token)
{
#if BOOST_VERSION >= 106600
using result_type = typename asio::async_result<std::decay_t<Token>, void(error_code, int)>;
typename result_type::completion_handler_type handler(std::forward<Token>(token));
result_type result(handler);
#else
typename asio::handler_type<Token, void(error_code, int)>::type
handler(std::forward<Token>(token));
asio::async_result<decltype (handler)> result (handler);
#endif
if (success)
handler(error_code{}, 42);
else
handler(asio::error::operation_aborted, 0);
return result.get ();
}
void using_yield_ec(asio::yield_context yield) {
for (bool success : { true, false }) {
boost::system::error_code ec;
auto answer = async_meaning_of_life(success, yield[ec]);
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": Result: " << ec.message() << "\n";
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": Answer: " << answer << "\n";
}
}
void using_yield_catch(asio::yield_context yield) {
for (bool success : { true, false })
try {
auto answer = async_meaning_of_life(success, yield);
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": Answer: " << answer << "\n";
} catch(boost::system::system_error const& e) {
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": Caught: " << e.code().message() << "\n";
}
}
void using_future() {
for (bool success : { true, false })
try {
auto answer = async_meaning_of_life(success, asio::use_future);
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": Answer: " << answer.get() << "\n";
} catch(boost::system::system_error const& e) {
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": Caught: " << e.code().message() << "\n";
}
}
void using_handler() {
for (bool success : { true, false })
async_meaning_of_life(success, [](error_code ec, int answer) {
std::cout << "using_handler: Result: " << ec.message() << "\n";
std::cout << "using_handler: Answer: " << answer << "\n";
});
}
int main() {
asio::io_service svc;
spawn(svc, using_yield_ec);
spawn(svc, using_yield_catch);
std::thread work([] {
using_future();
using_handler();
});
svc.run();
work.join();
}
Prints:
using_yield_ec: Result: Success
using_yield_ec: Answer: 42
using_yield_ec: Result: Operation canceled
using_yield_ec: Answer: 0
using_future: Answer: 42
using_yield_catch: Answer: 42
using_yield_catch: Caught: Operation canceled
using_future: Caught: Operation canceled
using_handler: Result: Success
using_handler: Answer: 42
using_handler: Result: Operation canceled
using_handler: Answer: 0
Note: for simplicity I have not added output synchronization, so the output can become intermingled depending on runtime execution order
None of the standard library containers will call delete on contained raw pointers. I have checked for a solution on SO for C++98 but have not found the answer.
I have created template <typename K, typename V> void clearAndDestroy( std::map<K, V*> *&myMap) as a replacement function for std::clear() (remove all elements and call the destructors).
It works for maps with pointers to objects std::map(key,V*). The function works also for cases when map contains same V* pointers for the different keys.
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
// clearAndDestroy deletes all objects and remove them from the std::map(K,V*) container.
template <typename K, typename V>
void clearAndDestroy( std::map<K, V*> *&myMap)
{
if(myMap == NULL)
return;
std::set<V*> mySet;
typename std::map<K,V*>::iterator itr;
typename std::set<V*>::iterator sitr;
itr = myMap->begin();
while (itr != myMap->end()) {
mySet.insert(itr->second);
++itr;
}
sitr = mySet.begin();
while (sitr != mySet.end()) {
delete(*sitr);
++sitr;
}
myMap->clear();
}
template <typename K, typename V> void clear1( std::map<K, V*> *myMap)
{
if(myMap == NULL) return;
typename std::map<K, V*>::iterator itr = myMap->begin();
while (itr != myMap->end()) {
typename std::map<K, V*>::iterator toErase = itr;
++itr;
myMap->erase(toErase);
delete(toErase->second);
}
}
template <typename M> void clear2( M *myMap )
{
if(myMap == NULL) return;
for ( typename M::iterator it = myMap->begin(); it != myMap->end(); ++it ) {
delete it->second;
}
myMap->clear();
}
class MY_CLASS
{
public:
int counter;
string *message;
MY_CLASS(int c, string *m):counter(c), message(m) {
std::cout << "Constructor MY_CLASS " << this << std::endl;
};
~MY_CLASS()
{
if(message) {
cout << "Being destroyed MY_CLASS: " << *message << " this = " << this <<endl;
}
else {
cout << "Being destoyed MY_CLASS: " << " this = " << this <<endl;
}
if(message) {
delete message;
message = NULL;
}
}
MY_CLASS(const MY_CLASS & other)
{
std::cout << "Copy Constructor MY_CLASS " << this << std::endl;
//1.
counter = other.counter;
//2.
if(other.message) {
message = new string;
*message = *other.message; // copy the value
}
else {
message = NULL;
}
}
};
void print(const string *str,MY_CLASS *& value, void *)
{
if (value && value->message)
cout << value->counter << " ! " << *(value->message) << endl;
}
int main() {
std::map<std::string, MY_CLASS *> *mpa = new std::map<std::string, MY_CLASS *>;
MY_CLASS *p = new MY_CLASS(2, new string("abc"));
mpa->insert(std::pair<std::string, MY_CLASS *>("1", p));
mpa->insert(std::pair<std::string, MY_CLASS *>("2", p));
clearAndDestroy(mpa);
delete mpa;
return 0;
}
Output:
Constructor MY_CLASS 0x111ccb0
Being destroyed MY_CLASS: abc this = 0x111ccb0
Being restricted to C++98 is clearAndDestroy my best option? Thank you!
Another approach you can take is using an object wrapper. Place the pointer you want within an object and have the destructor call the delete on the pointer. Basically building a simple "smart-pointer".
class AutoDeletePtr {
MY_CLASS* pointer;
AutoDeletePtr(MY_CLASS* myObjectPtr) {pointer = myObjectPtr};
~AutoDeletePtr() {delete(pointer)};
}
You can insert these objects into the std::map.
In the following code, I'm having some sort of issue getting my .yaml file parsed using parser.GetNextDocument(doc);. After much gross debugging, I've found that the (main) issue here is that my for loop is not running, due to doc.size() == 0; What am I doing wrong?
void
BookView::load()
{
aBook.clear();
QString fileName =
QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, tr("Load Address Book"),
"", tr("Address Book (*.yaml);;All Files (*)"));
if(fileName.isEmpty())
{
return;
}
else
{
try
{
std::ifstream fin(fileName.toStdString().c_str());
YAML::Parser parser(fin);
YAML::Node doc;
std::map< std::string, std::string > entry;
parser.GetNextDocument(doc);
std::cout << doc.size();
for( YAML::Iterator it = doc.begin(); it != doc.end(); it++ )
{
*it >> entry;
aBook.push_back(entry);
}
}
catch(YAML::ParserException &e)
{
std::cout << "YAML Exception caught: "
<< e.what()
<< std::endl;
}
}
updateLayout( Navigating );
}
The .yaml file being read was generated using yaml-cpp, so I assume it is correctly formed YAML, but just in case, here's the file anyways.
^#^#^#\230---
-
address: ******************
comment: None.
email: andrew(dot)levenson(at)gmail(dot)com
name: Andrew Levenson
phone: **********^#
Edit: By request, the emitting code:
void
BookView::save()
{
QString fileName =
QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, tr("Save Address Book"), "",
tr("Address Book (*.yaml);;All Files (*)"));
if (fileName.isEmpty())
{
return;
}
else
{
QFile file(fileName);
if(!file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly))
{
QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Unable to open file"),
file.errorString());
return;
}
std::vector< std::map< std::string, std::string > >::iterator itr;
std::map< std::string, std::string >::iterator mItr;
YAML::Emitter yaml;
yaml << YAML::BeginSeq;
for( itr = aBook.begin(); itr < aBook.end(); itr++ )
{
yaml << YAML::BeginMap;
for( mItr = (*itr).begin(); mItr != (*itr).end(); mItr++ )
{
yaml << YAML::Key << (*mItr).first << YAML::Value << (*mItr).second;
}
yaml << YAML::EndMap;
}
yaml << YAML::EndSeq;
QDataStream out(&file);
out.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_5);
out << yaml.c_str();
}
}
Along the lines of what you thought, the problem is that you're writing using QDataStream but reading using plain std::ifstream. You need to do either one or the other.
If you want to use the QDataStream, you'll need to read it in as well. Check out the doc for more detail, but it looks like you can just grab the YAML string:
QDataStream in(&file);
QString str;
in >> str;
and then pass it to yaml-cpp:
std::stringstream stream; // remember to include <sstream>
stream << str; // or str.toStdString() - I'm not sure about how QString works
YAML::Parser parser(stream);
// etc.
The point of a std::stringstream is to transform your string containing YAML into a stream that the YAML parser can read.