Related
I want to achieve this:
Output
12:00:00 - 12:15:00
12:15:00 - 12:30:00
12:30:00 - 12:45:00
12:45:00 - 1:00:00 .......,
count(orders)
from table
I have a timestamp in the data table available (2022-07-05 19:45:00 UTC), I want to achieve #orders with every 15 minutes interval for a day.
Using RANGE_BUCKET function, you can create timestamp buckets for each 15 minutes. Consider below sample query:
https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/mathematical_functions#range_bucket
CREATE TEMP TABLE sample_table AS
SELECT * FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY('2022-07-05 00:00:00', '2022-07-05 10:00:00', INTERVAL 3 MINUTE)) `order`
;
SELECT TIMESTAMP_SECONDS(intervals[SAFE_OFFSET(RANGE_BUCKET(UNIX_SECONDS(`order`), intervals) - 1)]) ts,
COUNT(`order`) AS orders,
FROM `sample_table`,
UNNEST ([STRUCT(GENERATE_ARRAY(UNIX_SECONDS('2022-07-05'), UNIX_SECONDS('2022-07-06'), 60 * 15) AS intervals)])
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 1
I have a table with energy usage data in fifteen minute intervals:
METER
TIMESTAMP
KWH
2500396
12/04/2022 23:15
131.01
2500396
12/04/2022 23:30
132.11
2500396
12/04/2022 23:45
125.84
2500396
13/04/2022 00:00
127.27
2500396
13/04/2022 00:15
123.86
2500396
13/04/2022 00:30
114.51
2500396
13/04/2022 00:45
117.7
2500396
13/04/2022 01:00
120.01
I need to calculate energy usage per hour, where, for example, usage during hour 23 of 12/04/2022 is the sum of the intervals from 12/04/2022 23:15 to 13/04/2022 00:00 (notice the change in date), and usage during hour 0 of 12/04/2022 is the sum of the intervals from 13/04/2022 00:15 to 13/04/2022 01:00.
I'll appreciate suggestions on how to code this concisely in Oracle SQL.
You can subtract 15 minutes from the times and then truncate to the start of the hour and then aggregate by that and the meter:
SELECT meter,
TRUNC(timestamp - INTERVAL '15' MINUTE, 'HH') AS hour,
SUM(kwh) AS total_kwh
FROM table_name
GROUP BY
meter,
TRUNC(timestamp - INTERVAL '15' MINUTE, 'HH');
Which, for the sample data:
CREATE TABLE table_name (METER, TIMESTAMP, KWH) AS
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:15' HOUR TO MINUTE, 131.01 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:30' HOUR TO MINUTE, 132.11 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:45' HOUR TO MINUTE, 125.84 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:00' HOUR TO MINUTE, 127.27 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:15' HOUR TO MINUTE, 123.86 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:30' HOUR TO MINUTE, 114.51 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:45' HOUR TO MINUTE, 117.70 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '01:00' HOUR TO MINUTE, 120.01 FROM DUAL;
Outputs:
METER
HOUR
TOTAL_KWH
2500396
2022-04-12 23:00:00
516.23
2500396
2022-04-13 00:00:00
476.08
db<>fiddle here
I am trying to work on a query where there is date selection in the where clause i.e. if sysdate is Monday I have to get the dates from Monday to Saturday and Hours Between Morning 08:00:00 AM to Next Day Morning 07:00:00 AM. I am hardcoding the dates and Hours in the where clause, When I run the query data does not show.
Query:
SELECT TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'HH24:MI:SS'), REPLACE(TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'DAY'), ' ')
FROM dual
WHERE TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'HH24:MI:SS') BETWEEN '08:01:00' AND '08:00:00'
AND TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'DAY') >= 'MONDAY'
AND TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'DAY') <= 'SATURDAY';
You need to filter the wider range first (from 8 AM at Monday till the end of a Saturday, if I understood correctly) and then exclude time from 7 AM till 8 AM.
In the below code iw format element stands for ISO week, that starts on the Monday.
with a as (
select
date '2022-04-17'
+ interval '01:30:00' hour to second
+ interval '2' hour * level
as dt
from dual
connect by level < 90
)
select
to_char(dt, 'yyyymmdd') as day_
, listagg(to_char(dt, 'hh24:mi'), ',')
within group (order by dt asc) as hours
from a
where 1 = 1
/*From Mon 08 AM*/
and dt > trunc(dt, 'iw') +
interval '8' hour
/*Till Sat end of the day*/
and dt < trunc(dt, 'iw') + 6
/*and except minutes between 7 and 8 AM*/
and not (
to_char(dt, 'hh24mi') < '0800'
and to_char(dt, 'hh24mi') > '0700'
)
group by to_char(dt, 'yyyymmdd')
DAY_ | HOURS
:------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------
20220418 | 09:30,11:30,13:30,15:30,17:30,19:30,21:30,23:30
20220419 | 01:30,03:30,05:30,09:30,11:30,13:30,15:30,17:30,19:30,21:30,23:30
20220420 | 01:30,03:30,05:30,09:30,11:30,13:30,15:30,17:30,19:30,21:30,23:30
20220421 | 01:30,03:30,05:30,09:30,11:30,13:30,15:30,17:30,19:30,21:30,23:30
20220422 | 01:30,03:30,05:30,09:30,11:30,13:30,15:30,17:30,19:30,21:30,23:30
20220423 | 01:30,03:30,05:30,09:30,11:30,13:30,15:30,17:30,19:30,21:30,23:30
db<>fiddle here
(And what if sysdate isn't Monday?)
Therefore, could you explain a little bit better what is the input (dates? One date? SYSDATE?) and what is desired output (related to that input).
Basically, I don't understand what you want. Meanwhile, errors you made (if it'll help).
Format model is wrong; this is what you did:
SQL> select to_char(sysdate, 'DAY') day, length(to_char(sysdate, 'DAY')) len from dual;
DAY LEN
--------- ----------
FRIDAY 9
"FRIDAY" doesn't have 9 characters; it has 6 of them --> use the fm format modifier (it'll truncate trailing spaces):
SQL> select to_char(sysdate, 'fmDAY') day, length(to_char(sysdate, 'fmDAY')) len from dual;
DAY LEN
--------- ----------
FRIDAY 6
SQL>
Today (22.04.2022) is Friday. Your query searches for data whose day is between "MONDAY" and "SATURDAY". As you're comparing strings and alphabet goes as [A, B, ..., F, G, ..., M, N, ..., S, T], "F(riday)" is NEVER between M(onday) and S(aturday) so there's zero chance that it'll work.
As of hours: which time exactly is between 08:01 and 08:00? Time doesn't go backwards (unless you meant "08:01 today and 08:00 tomorrow").
if sysdate is Monday I have to get the dates from Monday to Saturday and Hours Between Morning 08:00:00 AM to Next Day Morning 07:00:00 AM.
You can find whether SYSDATE is Monday by comparing the day to the start of the ISO week (which will always be midnight on Monday):
SELECT *
FROM DUAL
WHERE SYSDATE - TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'IW') < 1
You can find out whether the hours are between 08:00 and 07:00 the next day by subtracting 8 hours and finding out whether the time is between 00:00 and 23:00:
SELECT *
FROM DUAL
WHERE (SYSDATE - INTERVAL '8' HOUR) - TRUNC(SYSDATE - INTERVAL '8' HOUR)) DAY TO SECOND
<= INTERVAL '23' HOUR;
You can combine the two to find out if the day is between Monday and Saturday and the time is between 08:00 and 07:00 on the next day (so for Saturday, it would include 7 hours of Sunday) using:
SELECT *
FROM DUAL
WHERE (SYSDATE - INTERVAL '8' HOUR) - TRUNC(SYSDATE - INTERVAL '8' HOUR), 'IW') < 6
AND (SYSDATE - INTERVAL '8' HOUR) - TRUNC(SYSDATE - INTERVAL '8' HOUR)) DAY TO SECOND
<= INTERVAL '23' HOUR;
Note: This does not use TO_CHAR so it is unaffected by any changes to the NLS_TERRITORY or NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE session parameters so it will always give the same answer (independent of the settings of the user who runs the query).
You can use such a combination
SELECT TO_CHAR(dt,'HH24:MI:SS','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English') AS Hour,
TO_CHAR(dt,'Day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English') AS day
FROM t
WHERE TO_CHAR(dt,'Dy','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English') IN ('Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri')
AND TO_CHAR(dt, 'HH24:MI:SS') NOT BETWEEN '07:00:01' AND '08:00:00'
OR TO_CHAR(dt,'Dy','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English') = 'Mon'
AND TO_CHAR(dt, 'HH24:MI:SS')>= '07:00:00'
OR TO_CHAR(dt,'Dy','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English') = 'Sat'
AND TO_CHAR(dt, 'HH24:MI:SS')<= '08:00:00'
where needs to consider restricting the periods for the bound dates individually
Demo
I have two separate columns for hours and minutes in my table and I have a report where i should be subtracting 90 minutes from total time put together or ( 1 hour from hour field) and 30 minutes from minutes field. The output can be in minutes or hours.
I tried "to_char ( hours_column -1,'00' ) || ':' || to_char ( minutes_column -30,'00' ) AS "MAX_TIME" " - this fails when I have time like 9:00 I get 8:-30 as the output when I need to get 7:30.
I came up with some sql code with DATEADD and cast functions which worked but it fails when I implement it in Oracle.
Select Substring(Cast(DATEADD(minute, -90, Cast(hourscolumn + ':' + minutes column as Time)) as varchar(20)),1,5) as max_time
Can someone help me to implement the above code in Oracle? I'm just trying to deduct 90 minutes by putting the hours and minutes columns together.
Something like this?
test CTE represents your data. How come you got that (bad) idea? Who/what prevents you from storing 32 hours and 87 minutes into those columns?
query itself contains
time: the way you create a valid date value. It'll fail if hours and/or minutes are invalid (such as previously mentioned 32:87)
subtracted: subtract 90 minutes from time; (24 * 60) represents 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour. It'll contain both date and time component
the final result is achieved by applying to_char with appropriate format mask (hh24:mi) to the subtracted value
SQL> alter session set nls_Date_format = 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi';
Session altered.
SQL> with test (hours, minutes) as
2 (select '09', '00' from dual union all
3 select '23', '30' from dual union all
4 select '00', '20' from dual
5 )
6 select hours,
7 minutes,
8 to_date(hours||minutes, 'hh24mi') time,
9 --
10 to_date(hours||minutes, 'hh24mi') - 90 / (24 * 60) subtracted,
11 --
12 to_char(to_date(hours||minutes, 'hh24mi') - 90 / (24 * 60), 'hh24:mi') result
13 from test;
HO MI TIME SUBTRACTED RESUL
-- -- ---------------- ---------------- -----
09 00 01.07.2019 09:00 01.07.2019 07:30 07:30
23 30 01.07.2019 23:30 01.07.2019 22:00 22:00
00 20 01.07.2019 00:20 30.06.2019 22:50 22:50
SQL>
Use NUMTODSINTERVAL to convert the hours and minutes to INTERVAL data types and then you can subtract INTERVAL '90' MINUTE and EXTRACT the resulting hour and minute components.
Oracle Setup:
CREATE TABLE table_name ( hours_column, minutes_column ) AS
SELECT 0, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1, 30 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 45 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 27, 59 FROM DUAL
Query:
SELECT EXTRACT( HOUR FROM time ) + EXTRACT( DAY FROM time ) * 24 AS hours,
EXTRACT( MINUTE FROM time ) AS minutes,
time,
TO_CHAR( EXTRACT( HOUR FROM time ) + EXTRACT( DAY FROM time ) * 24, '00' )
|| ':' || TO_CHAR( ABS( EXTRACT( MINUTE FROM time ) ), 'FM00' ) AS as_string
FROM (
SELECT NUMTODSINTERVAL( hours_column, 'HOUR' )
+ NUMTODSINTERVAL( minutes_column, 'MINUTE' )
- INTERVAL '90' MINUTE AS time
FROM table_name
)
Output:
HOURS | MINUTES | TIME | AS_STRING
----: | ------: | :---------------------------- | :--------
-1 | -30 | -000000000 01:30:00.000000000 | -01:30
0 | 0 | +000000000 00:00:00.000000000 | 00:00
1 | 15 | +000000000 01:15:00.000000000 | 01:15
1 | 30 | +000000000 01:30:00.000000000 | 01:30
26 | 29 | +000000001 02:29:00.000000000 | 26:29
db<>fiddle here
How can I add months to a timestamp value in Oracle? In my query, it's getting converted to date value instead:
SELECT add_months(current_timestamp,2)
FROM dual;
The actual output is:
ADD_MONTH
11-MAR-13
The expected output is:
2013-01-01 00:00:00.000000000+00:00
This will give you the date and the time as a TIMESTAMP data type:
select TO_TIMESTAMP(TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, 2), 'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI'),
'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI') from dual;
If you need more or less precision (E.G. rounding) than what is above, adjust the date formats (both need to be the same format). For example, this will return 2 months down to the seconds level of precision:
select TO_TIMESTAMP(TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSTIMESTAMP, 2),
'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS'), 'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS') from dual;
This is the closest I can get (as a character) to the format you need:
select TO_CHAR(
TO_TIMESTAMP(TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSTIMESTAMP, 2),
'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS'), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF TZR') from dual;
I think this will about give you what you're looking for:
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_TIMESTAMP(ADD_MONTHS(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,2))
+ (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - TRUNC(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)),
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SSxFFTZR') FROM DUAL;
The problem with using the interval methods is that you can get an unexpected error depending on the date you run the query. E.g.
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP('31-JAN-2012') + NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1,'MONTH') FROM DUAL;
That query returns:
ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified
This is because it attempts to return February 31, which is not a valid date.
ADD_MONTHS is a "safer" way to date math, in that where the interval query would throw an error, ADD_MONTHS will return the last date of the month (Feb 28 or 29 depending on the year) in the above example.
For Oracle:
SELECT
TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32', -- TS we want to increase by 1 month
--TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32' + NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1, 'MONTH'), -- raises ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified
--TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32' + INTERVAL '1' MONTH, -- raises ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified
ADD_MONTHS(TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32', 1), -- works but is a date :(
CAST(ADD_MONTHS(TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32', 1) AS TIMESTAMP) -- works
FROM DUAL
SELECT current_timestamp + INTERVAL '2' MONTH from dual;
To display this in your desired format, use TO_CHAR:
SELECT TO_CHAR(current_timestamp + INTERVAL '2' MONTH,
'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF9TZH:TZM') from dual;
2013-03-11 23:58:14.789501000+01:00
For Oracle:
select TO_TIMESTAMP(Sysdate,'DD-Mon-YYYY HH24-MI-SS') + 60
from dual;
select sysdate + interval '2' month from dual;
select TO_TIMESTAMP (Sysdate + interval '2' month, 'DD-Mon-YYYY HH24-MI-SS')
from dual
;
Result1:
| TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YYYYHH24-MI-SS')+60 |
----------------------------------------------------
| March, 12 0013 00:00:00+0000 |
Result2:
| SYSDATE+INTERVAL'2'MONTH |
--------------------------------
| March, 11 2013 21:41:10+0000 |
Result3:
| TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE+INTERVAL'2'MONTH,'DD-MON-YYYYHH24-MI-SS') |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| March, 11 0013 00:00:00+0000 |
sqlffidle demo.