I am using Oracle 11g R2. Is there a way to give a name (alias) to a single value selected from a table before an SQL query in the same expression? That is a single SQL command, I mean, and no PL/SQL.
The closest I've come to is:
WITH
Approved AS (SELECT c.value FROM configuration c WHERE c.code = 'Approved'),
Arrived AS (SELECT c.value FROM configuration c WHERE c.code = 'Arrived'),
Scheduled AS (SELECT c.value FROM configuration c WHERE c.code = 'Scheduled')
SELECT *
FROM list l WHERE l.status_key > (SELECT value FROM Approved);
I am looking for something similar to, say:
WITH
Approved AS CONSTANT (SELECT c.value FROM configuration c WHERE c.code = 'Approved'),
Arrived AS CONSTANT (SELECT c.value FROM configuration c WHERE c.code = 'Arrived'),
Scheduled AS CONSTANT (SELECT c.value FROM configuration c WHERE c.code = 'Scheduled')
SELECT *
FROM list l WHERE l.status_key > Approved;
The reason I don't want to inline the select statement for the value is that my query is complex enough as it is and I'd rather take some of that complexity out, if possible.
I sometimes use a construct like this:
WITH const as
(select max(case when c.code = 'Approved' then c.value end) as Approved,
max(case when c.code = 'Approved' then c.value end) as Approved,
max(case when c.code = 'Scheduled' then c.value end) as Scheduled
from configuration c
),
. . .
SELECT
FROM const cross join
list l
WHERE status_key > Approved;
Sometimes if I need the constants at different places in the query, then I have to bring in the const CTE more than once.
The short answer, is no - you can't do that.
You could create a view though to hide some of the initial complexity.
...or if you really want you could create a function, and kind of use it as a constant...something like (excluding any error handling):
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION config_code (code IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN configuration.value%TYPE AS
value configuration.value%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT c.value INTO value FROM configuration c WHERE c.code = code;
RETURN value;
END;
You could then use it as:
SELECT * FROM list l WHERE l.status_key > config_code('Approved');
Related
raw_data :
name
account_id
type
element_id
cost
First
1
type1
element1
0.1
Second
2
type2
element2
0.2
First
11
type2
element11
0.11
components:
name
account_id (default = -1)
type (default = null)
element_id (default = null)
cost
First
-1
null
null
0.1
Second
2
type2
null
0.2
First
11
type2
element11
0.11
I seek to check whether the cost logged in raw_data is the same as that in components for a given combination. They need to be joined on column name.
Remaining fields in raw_data are always populated. In components, any row can be a combination of specific values and the default values.
I seek to match the columns from raw_data to components wherever I find a match and otherwise need to use the default value to get the cost.
I failed with left join and union and IN.
E.g. For the first row in raw_data table with name "First", I do not have account_id = 1 in the components table. So I need to go with account_id = -1.
Match as many specific values as found in components, Otherwise resort to default values.
I think one way you could do this is something like:
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT rd.name, rd.account_id, rd.type, rd.element_id, rd.cost raw_cost, c.account_id component_account_id, c.type component_type, c.element_id component_element_id, c.cost component_cost,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY rd.name, rd.account_id, rd.type, rd.element_id
ORDER BY
CASE WHEN c.account_id <> -1 THEN 1 END
+ CASE WHEN c.type IS NOT NULL THEN 1 END
+ CASE WHEN c.element_id IS NOT NULL THEN 1 END DESC) rd
FROM raw_data rd LEFT OUTER JOIN components c
ON rd.name = c.name
AND (rd.account_id = c.account_id or c.account_id = -1)
AND (rd.type = c.type OR c.type IS NULL)
AND (rd.element_id = c.element_id OR c.element_id IS NULL)
) iq
WHERE rd = 1
The idea here is to match on an actual match or the default. Then the row_number window function is used to prioritize the matches based on a count of how many columns actually matched (you said you don't care about ties, so this doesn't handle that). The outer query throws away the matches that aren't the best.
With the sample data above, this could be an inner join, but I left it as a left join since that's what was mentioned.
Here's a fiddle of it working. Hopefully this is close to what you want.
If the ratio of records in the tables is not 1 to 1, then an unambiguous sample cannot be made.
Also, if the selection condition is "Coincidence of at least one parameter", then it will also not work to make an unambiguous selection.
Below is an example that will bring you closer to solving the problem. It selects data that matches one of the selection criteria, however there may be duplicates!
Try this variant and report the result, possibly on a larger variant of samples and records
Maybe this will get you closer to the solution.
select rd.name, rd.account_id, rd.type, rd.element_id, rd.cost, c.cost
from raw_data rd
left join components c on rd.name = c.name
where (c.account_id = rd.account_id or c.account_id = -1) OR
(c.type = rd.type OR c.type is null) OR
(c.element_id = rd.element_id OR c.element_id = null)
You can build the priority of checking values through union
select rd.name, rd.account_id, rd.type, rd.element_id, rd.cost, c.cost
from raw_data rd
left join components c on rd.name = c.name
where c.account_id = rd.account_id and
c.type = rd.type
c.element_id = rd.element_id
union
select rd.name, rd.account_id, rd.type, rd.element_id, rd.cost, c.cost
from raw_data rd
left join components c on rd.name = c.name
where c.account_id = rd.account_id and
c.type = rd.type
union
select rd.name, rd.account_id, rd.type, rd.element_id, rd.cost, c.cost
from raw_data rd
join components c on rd.name = c.name
where c.account_id = rd.account_id
etc
Without seeing all the problems, all the data options in the tables, it is difficult to give the right solution, which may not be...
I'm trying to convert SQL query to work in MS-Access, is there any suggested way? thank you
SELECT
colldet.college,
COUNT(DISTINCT manuscript.p_name) AS A,
COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN s_p = 'منجز' THEN p_name END) AS B,
COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN s_p = 'منجز منشور' THEN p_name END) AS C,
COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN s_p = 'مخطط' THEN p_name END) AS D
FROM manuscript
RIGHT OUTER JOIN colldet
ON manuscript.coll_name = colldet.college
GROUP BY colldet.college
As June7 notes, Access doesn't support COUNT DISTINCT so you'll need to make things distinct before counting. Also as June7 suggests use Iif() instead of CASE. This is a guess:
SELECT Q.College,
COUNT(Q.A1) AS A,
COUNT(Q.B1) AS B,
COUNT(Q.C1) AS C,
COUNT(Q.D1) AS D
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT colldet.college,
manuscript.p_name AS A1,
IIF(s_p = 'منجز',p_name,Null) AS B1,
IIF(s_p = 'منجز منشور',p_name,Null) AS C1,
IIF(s_p = 'مخطط',p_name,Null) AS D1
FROM manuscript
RIGHT OUTER JOIN colldet
ON manuscript.coll_name = colldet.college)
AS Q
GROUP BY Q.college
How do I create a workaround for a SELECT statement in a SUM-Function
I am currently migrating my Sybase Database towards MsSQL.
One of my Views has some SUMs in its main select statements which then use subSelects for a case in my SUM function
SELECT
SUM(CASE WHEN e.s = 'E'
AND EXISTS
( SELECT
1
FROM
system.E
JOIN system.EF
ON EF.EID = E.ID
WHERE
E.CID = C.ID
AND EF.T='smth')
AND A.AC= 'smthelse'
AND ET.EC not in( 'lol','lul','lel')
THEN
B.A
ELSE
0.0
END) AS smth
FROM ...
I expect it to SUM the b.A when the Select statement has at least 1 result
but instead I get this error message:
Cannot perform an aggregate function on an expression containing an aggregate or a subquery.
I think it doesnt allow me to use a subSelect in the SUM-function, but im not sure how to fix it.
You can replace the subquery with a lateral JOIN by using the OUTER APPLY operator:
SELECT . . .
SUM(CASE WHEN e.s = 'E' AND
eef.ID IS NOT NULL AND
A.AC = 'smthelse' AND
ET.EC NOT IN ( 'lol', 'lul', 'lel')
THEN B.A ELSE 0.0
END) AS smth
FROM ... OUTER APPLY
(SELECT TOP (1) E.*
FROM system.E JOIN
system.EF
ON EF.EID = E.ID
WHERE E.CID = C.ID AND EF.T = 'smth'
) EEF
I have Oracle SQL like these :
SELECT
z."date", z.id_outlet as idOutlet, z.name as outletName, z.matClass, z.targetBulanan, z.targetBulanan/totalVisit as targetAwal,
z.actual,rownumber = tartot + rownumber as targetTotal
FROM (SELECT
b.visit_date as "date", a.id_outlet, max(o.name) as name, max(a.target_sales) as targetBulanan, a.id_material_class as matClass,
max(x.totalVisit) as totalVisit, NVL(SUM(d.billing_value),0) as actual
FROM (
select * from target_bulanan
where deleted = 0 and enabled = 1 and id_salesman = :id_salesman AND id_material_class like :id_material_class AND id_outlet like :id_outlet AND month = TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(current_date,'mm')) and year = to_number(TO_CHAR(current_date,'YYYY'))
) a
INNER JOIN outlet o ON o.id_outlet = a.id_outlet
LEFT JOIN visit_plan b ON b.deleted = 0 and a.id_salesman = b.id_salesman AND a.month = TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(b.visit_date,'mm')) AND a.year = to_number(TO_CHAR(b.visit_date,'yyyy')) AND a.id_outlet = b.id_outlet
LEFT JOIN so_header c ON SUBSTR(c.id_to,'0',1) = 'TO' AND a.id_salesman = c.id_salesman AND a.id_outlet = c.id_outlet
LEFT JOIN assign_billing d ON c.no_so_sap = d.no_so_sap AND d.billing_date = b.visit_date AND a.id_material_class = (SELECT id_material_class FROM material WHERE id = d.id_material)
LEFt JOIN (SELECT id_salesman, to_char(visit_date,'mm') as month, to_char(visit_date,'yyyy') as year, id_outlet, COUNT(*) as totalVisit FROM visit_plan
WHERE deleted = 0
group by id_salesman, id_outlet,to_char(visit_date,'mm'), to_char(visit_date,'yyyy')) x on
x.id_salesman = a.id_salesman AND x.month = a.month AND x.year = a.year AND x.id_outlet = a.id_outlet
GROUP BY b.visit_date, a.id_outlet, a.id_material_class) z
CROSS JOIN (SELECT 0 as rownumber FROM DUAL ) r
CROSS JOIN (SELECT 0 as tartot FROM DUAL ) t
CROSS JOIN (SELECT '' as mat FROM DUAL ) m
CROSS JOIN (SELECT '' as outlet FROM DUAL ) o
ORDER by outletName, z.matClass, z."date"
I want value of rownumber is formula in my select query but the result is error with this message
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
00923. 00000 - "FROM keyword not found where expected"
Anyone can help me ? thanks
Just for enumeration -
replace the line
rownumber = rownumber + 1 AS row_number
with this
rownum AS row_number
rownum is an Oracle inbuilt function that enumerates each record of the result set and with auto increments
As mentioned by Gordon Linoff in his answer, there are further problems in your query.
At the first look (without executing it), I could list the problematic lines -
AND month = TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(current_date,'mm'))
AND year = to_number(TO_CHAR(current_date,'YYYY'))
Instead of current_date use sysdate
LEFT JOIN so_header c ON SUBSTR(c.id_to,'0',1) = 'TO'
I guess, you meant to do this -
LEFT JOIN so_header c ON SUBSTR(c.id_to,0,2) = 'TO'
i.e. substring from index 0 upto 2 characters
Plus, no need of those cross joins
THIS ADDRESSES THE ORIGINAL QUESTION.
You may have multiple problems in your query. After all, the best way to debug and to write queries is to start simple and gradually add complexity.
But, you do have an obvious error. In your outermost select:
SELECT z."date", z.id_outlet as idOutlet, z.name as outletName,
z.matClass, z.targetBulanan, z.targetBulanan/totalVisit as targetAwal,
z.actual,
rownumber = rownumber + 1 as row_number
The = is not Oracle syntax -- it looks like a SQL Server extension for naming a column or a MySQL use of variables.
I suspect that you want to enumerate the rows. If so, one syntax is row_number():
SELECT z."date", z.id_outlet as idOutlet, z.name as outletName,
z.matClass, z.targetBulanan, z.targetBulanan/totalVisit as targetAwal,
z.actual,
row_number() over (order by outletName, z.matClass, z."date") as row_number
In Oracle, you could also do:
rownum as row_number
I have a table t with several columns, let's name them a, b and c. I also have a state column which indicates the current state. There is also an id column.
I want to write the following query: update column a always, but b and c only if the application state is still equal to the database state. Here, the state column is used for optimistic locking.
I wrote this query as following:
UPDATE t
SET a = $a$,
b = (CASE WHEN state = $state$ THEN $b$ ELSE b END),
c = (CASE WHEN state = $state$ THEN $c$ ELSE c END)
WHERE id = $id$ AND
(
a != $a$ OR
b != (CASE WHEN state = $state$ THEN $b$ ELSE b END) OR
c != (CASE WHEN state = $state$ THEN $c$ ELSE c END)
)
Here, $id$, $a$, ... are input variables from the application. The second part of the WHERE clause is to avoid updates which do not effectively update anything.
This query works as expected, but is very clumsy. I am repeating the same condition several times. I am looking for a way to rewrite this query in a more elegant fashion. If this was a simple SELECT query, I could do something with a LATERAL JOIN, but I cannot see how to apply this here.
How can I improve this query?
Split the query in two:
UPDATE t
SET a = $a$
WHERE id = $id$
UPDATE t
SET b = $b$,
c = $c$
WHERE id = $id$ AND
state = $state$
If you need atomicity, wrap in a transaction.
This seems a bit cleaner(untested):
WITH src AS (
SELECT $a$ AS a
, (CASE WHEN state = $state$ THEN $b$ ELSE b END) AS b
, (CASE WHEN state = $state$ THEN $c$ ELSE c END) AS c
FROM t
WHERE id = $id$
)
UPDATE t dst
SET a=src.a, b=src.b, c=src.c
FROM src
WHERE dst.id = src.id
AND (src.a, src.b, src.c) IS DISTINCT FROM (dst.a, dst.b, dst.c)
;
EDIT: It Took me a while to realize my fault here: The question obviously targets at a single update, while my answer tried to update many rows. However, if you need to execute this Update for a set of rows you could:
Insert the needed parameters in a temporary table
Join that table within the "t2" subquery
Select it's columns (e.g. tempTable.b As tempB)
Replace the Parameters (e.g. $b$ -> t2.tempB)
.
UPDATE t
SET a=source.a,
b=source.b,
c=source.c
FROM
(
SELECT
id,
a,
(CASE WHEN UpdateCondition THEN $b$ ELSE b END) AS b,
(CASE WHEN UpdateCondition THEN $c$ ELSE c END) AS c
FROM
(
SELECT state = $state$ As UpdateCondition, * FROM t
) As t2
WHERE
id = $id$ AND
(
a != $a$ OR
b != (CASE WHEN UpdateCondition THEN $b$ ELSE b END) OR
c != (CASE WHEN UpdateCondition THEN $c$ ELSE c END)
) AS source
WHERE t.id=source.id;
The Sub query for t2 gives you your state Condition and executes the calculation for it only once per row.
The subquery for "source" gives you the mapped values and filters those without changes.
The only filter you need is on ID = $id
The case statement says don't change it in the update if the state doesn't match, so you don't need to filter it.
EDIT
where Id = $id and a !=$a
Or (state = $state and (b !=b or c!= $c))
If you do any more than that then"always update a" will not necessary be true.
3rd attempt checks for the possibility of a remaining the same, but b or c updating.