StaleElementReferenceException when trying to reidentify the object - selenium

Question

I am facing problem to identify the object when i move forward and comeback to parent page.
Here is the scenario. I would like to click on each link in a home page and print page title and navigate back to home page.
Following is the code which i tried. It works fine clicking on the first link and coming back to HomePage. At this point of time, the List Object needs to be identified excluding already visited links. How to do that?
In QTP, we have RefreshObject and Init to do this. Is there a similar method in WebDriver?
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.googl.com/");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
List<WebElement> objWEs = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
for(WebElement e:objWEs)
{
if(!e.getText().isEmpty())
{
e.click();
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
driver.navigate().back();
}
}
driver.close();

Answer 1

As soon as you navigate to another web-page, or even switch into an iframe in the same web-page, any WebElement object that you have in memory is potentially "stale".
One optional solution, is to list down all the element IDs, and then iterate that list instead:
Set<String> linkIds = new HashSet<String>();
List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
for (WebElement link : links)
{
if(!link.getText().isEmpty())
linkIds.add(link.getAttribute("id"));
}
for (String linkId : linkIds)
{
driver.findElement(By.id(linkId)).click();
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
driver.navigate().back();
}
Please note, however, that all the above is under the assumption that each link has a unique ID, and that all the links remain in the web-page when you navigate back into it. If this is not the case in the specific web-page that you are accessing, then an alternative approach is required here.
Instead of iterating the link-IDs, you can iterate the link-indexes, assuming that the links remain in the same order when you navigate in and out of the web-page. This is somewhat less efficient though, because you have to retrieve the entire list of all the links at the beginning of each iteration.
for (int i=0; true; i++)
{
List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
if (i >= links.size())
break;
links.get(i).click();
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
driver.navigate().back();
}
The code above should work even if the links do not remain in the same order when you navigate back into the web-page. However, under such scenario, you will most likely miss out on some of them.

Answer 2

Here is the complete code for my above problem.
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
driver.get("http://www.googl.com/");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
for (int i=0; true; i++)
{
List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
if (i >= links.size())
break;
WebElement ele=links.get(i);
if(!ele.getText().isEmpty())
{
ele.click();
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
driver.navigate().back();
}
}
driver.close();