New I want to create a trigger in my oracle database to generate the primary key for every new row. The pk contains two parts, the firset is to_char(sysdate, 'yyyyMMddHH24mmss') and the second part is an ID that is generated by a sequence, like to_char(SEQ_A_ID,FM000000). SEQ_A is an int sequence starts from 1 and the increment is 1. My pk data type is a varchar2(20) .
Now I write SQL like:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER "DEMO"."TRIGGER_A_ID" BEFORE INSERT ON "DEMO"."A" REFERENCING OLD AS "OLD" NEW AS "NEW" FOR EACH ROW ENABLE
BEGIN
select to_char(sysdate,‘yyyyMMddHH24mmss’) || to_char(SEQ_A_ID.nextval,'FM00000') into :new.id from dual;
END;;
The SQL above has some mistakes, but I don't know the right way to put the result of select statement into my pk.
create or replace trigger "DEMO"."TRIGGER_A_ID"
before insert on "DEMO"."A"
referencing old as "OLD" new as "NEW"
for each row enable
l_id varchar2(20);
begin
select to_char(sysdate, ‘yyyymmddhh24mmss’) || to_char(seq_a_id.nextval, 'FM00000')
into l_id
from dual;
:new.id:= l_new_id;
end;
Related
I have an oracle table which has
An auto increment primary key which uses a sequence.
Unique key
Non unique field/s
create table FOO (
ai_id number primary key,
name varchar(20),
bar varchar(20)
CONSTRAINT foo_uk_name UNIQUE (name)
);
create sequence FOO_seq;
create or replace trigger FOO_trg
before insert on FOO
for each row
begin
select FOO_seq.nextval into :new.ai_id from dual;
end;
I have separate stored procedure which upserts the table
create PROCEDURE UPSERT_FOO(
name_input IN VARCHAR2,
bar_input IN VARCHAR2
begin
begin
insert into FOO ( name, bar )
values ( name_input, bar_input )
exception
when dup_val_on_index then
update FOO
set bar = bar_input
where name = name_input
end;
end;
This works perfectly fine but the only issue is, sequence "FOO_seq" always increases regardless of whether it is an update or insert(As FOO_seq increments in "FOO_trg" before it inserts).
Is there a way to increment the sequence, only when there is an insert, without hurting the performance?
Oracle has a built-in merge statement to do an 'upsert':
create PROCEDURE UPSERT_FOO(
name_input IN VARCHAR2,
bar_input IN VARCHAR2
) as
begin
merge into foo
using (
select name_input as name, bar_input as bar from dual
) src
on (foo.name = src.name)
when matched then
update set foo.bar = src.bar
when not matched then
insert (name, bar)
values (src.name, src.bar);
end;
/
The insert only happens (and thus the trigger only fires, incrementing the sequence) if there is no match.
That doesn't have to be done through a procedure now, of course; you could just issue a merge directly, plugging in the name/bar values you would currently have to pass to the procedure.
Incidentally, your trigger could be simplified slightly to do an assignment:
create or replace trigger FOO_trg
before insert on FOO
for each row
begin
:new.ai_id := FOO_seq.nextval;
end;
/
db<>fiddles using your original code and using the code above. Notice the ID for 'b' in the final query; 5 in the first one, but only 2 in the second one.
Gaps in sequences shouldn't matter, of course; they are guaranteed to increment and be unique (if they don't cycle), not to be gapless. Or to necessarily be issued in strict order if you have a cache and are using RAC. Still, your approach would potentially waste a lot of values for no reason, and it doesn't need to be that complicated.
Hi I try to Insert value in the second trigger with new id from first trigger only if condition is fulfiled, but I'm stuck.
table1_trg works
CREATE TABLE table1 (
id NUMBER(9,0) NOT NULL,
subject VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL,
url_address VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL,
)
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_trg
BEFORE INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT table1_seq.NEXTVAL
INTO :new.id
FROM dual;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_url
BEFORE INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NEW.subject = 'Task')
BEGIN
INSERT INTO CSB.table1 (url_address)
VALUES ('blabla.com?' || :new.id);
END;
/
I insert only subject but after that i receive exception that subject can not be null.
INSERT INTO corp_tasks_spec (subject) VALUES ('Task')
Any ideas how to resolve it?
You should not be inserting a new record into the same table, you should be modifying the column values for the row you're already inserting - which the trigger is firing against. You're getting the error because of that second insert - which is only specifying the URL value, not the subject or ID (though the first trigger would fire again and set the ID for that new row as well - so it complains about the subject).
Having two triggers on the same firing point can be difficult in old versions of Oracle as the order they fired wasn't guaranteed - so for instance your second trigger might fire before the first, and ID hasn't been set yet. You can control the order in later versions (from 11g) with FOLLOWS:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_url
BEFORE INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
FOLLOWS table1_trg
WHEN (NEW.subject = 'Task')
BEGIN
:NEW.url_address := 'blabla.com?' || :new.id;
END;
/
This now fires after the first trigger, so ID is set, and assigns a value to the URL in this row rather than trying to create another row:
INSERT INTO table1 (subject) VALUES ('Task');
1 row inserted.
SELECT * FROM table1;
ID SUBJECT URL_ADDRESS
---------- ---------- --------------------
2 Task blabla.com?2
But you don't really need two triggers here, you could do:
DROP TRIGGER table1_url;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_trg
BEFORE INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
:NEW.id := table1_seq.NEXTVAL; -- no need to select from dual in recent versions
IF :NEW.subject = 'Task' THEN
:NEW.url_address := 'blabla.com?' || :new.id;
END IF;
END;
/
Then that trigger generates the ID and sets the URL:
INSERT INTO table1 (subject) VALUES ('Task');
1 row inserted.
SELECT * FROM table1;
ID SUBJECT URL_ADDRESS
---------- ---------- --------------------
2 Task blabla.com?2
3 Task blabla.com?3
Of course, for anything except Task you'll have to specify the URL as part of the insert, or it will error as that is a not-null column.
Create sequence
CREATE SEQUENCE table1_SEQ
START WITH 1
MAXVALUE 100000
MINVALUE 1
NOCYCLE
NOCACHE
NOORDER;
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_TRG
Before Insert
ON table1 Referencing New As New Old As Old
For Each Row
Declare V_Val Number;
Begin
Select table1_SEQ.NextVal into V_Val From Dual;
If Inserting Then
:New.id:= V_Val;
End If;
End;
/
I am trying to create a trigger on a table for an insert. Here is the creation script:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER INTEG_QRY_NEW
AFTER INSERT
ON INTEG_LOG
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
VAR2 NUMBER(10);
LOG_TEXT1 VARCHAR2(1000);
RESULT1 VARCHAR2(1000);
QUERY_NUM1 VARCHAR2(1000);
QUERY_TIME1 VARCHAR2(1000);
LOG_INDEX1 NUMBER(10);
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO VAR2 FROM USER_TAB_COLS WHERE (COLUMN_NAME = 'RESULT' OR COLUMN_NAME = 'QUERY_NUM' OR COLUMN_NAME = 'DATE_TIME' ) AND TABLE_NAME = 'INTEG_LOG';
IF VAR2=0 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER TABLE INTEG_LOG ADD RESULT VARCHAR2(50); ALTER TABLE INTEG_LOG ADD DATE_TIME DATE; ALTER TABLE INTEG_LOG ADD QUERY_NUM VARCHAR2(50);';
END IF;
LOG_TEXT1 := :NEW.LOG_TEXT;
QUERY_TIME1 := :NEW.QUERY_TIME;
LOG_INDEX1 := :NEW.LOG_INDEX;
IF QUERY_TIME1 = '' THEN
RESULT1 := '-1';
QUERY_NUM1 := '';
UPDATE INTEG_LOG
SET RESULT = RESULT1,
DATE_TIME = CURRENT_DATE,
QUERY_NUM = QUERY_NUM1
WHERE LOG_INDEX = LOG_INDEX1;
ELSE
RESULT1 := SUBSTR(LOG_TEXT1,(INSTR(LOG_TEXT1,'Result = ')+9),9);
QUERY_NUM1 := SUBSTR(SUBSTR(LOG_TEXT1,INSTR(LOG_TEXT1,'Q# ')+3,20),1,INSTR(SUBSTR(LOG_TEXT1,INSTR(LOG_TEXT1,'Q# ')+3,20),' '));
UPDATE INTEG_LOG
SET RESULT = RESULT1,
DATE_TIME = CURRENT_DATE,
QUERY_NUM = QUERY_NUM1
WHERE LOG_INDEX = LOG_INDEX1;
END IF;
END;
/
The trigger is taking care of a regular insert for the following columns (that are coming from an application):
LOG_DATE NUMBER(10),
LOG_TIME NUMBER(10),
LOG_TYPE NUMBER(10),
LOG_TEXT VARCHAR2(2000 BYTE),
LOG_INDEX NUMBER(10),
QUERY_TIME VARCHAR2(8 BYTE)
the trigger checks for the following column to whether they exist or not (if not, it adds them):
RESULT VARCHAR2(50 BYTE),
DATE_TIME DATE,
QUERY_NUM VARCHAR2(50 BYTE)
Now it is taking the string (LOG_TEXT column), and withdraws the result value and query number (what comes after '#Q ').
Next, it should update the same insert opperation, and just adds these values to the new 3 columns (result,date_time and query_num).
The trigger does get created successfully but the problem is, when i am trying to insert into the table (INTEG_LOG), I get the following error:
table string.string is mutating, trigger/function may not see it
Cause: A trigger (or a user defined plsql function that is referenced
in this statement) attempted to look at (or modify) a table that was
in the middle of being modified by the statement which fired it.
Action: Rewrite the trigger (or function) so it does not read that
table.
Might this be a syntax error ? Please help. Thank you.
The only reason the trigger compiles is because INTEG_LOG already has the columns you're dynamic SQL is trying to add. If the table didn't have those columns the trigger wouldn't add them because the trigger would be invalid as those UPDATE statements wouldn't compile.
One of the reasons why dynamic SQL should be avoid is that it turns compilation errors into runtime errors.
But trying to add columns to a table in a trigger built on that table is an astonishingly bad idea. Apart from anything else, DDL statement issue implicit commits and we cannot commit in triggers because that would play havoc with the transactions. (yes there is pragma autonomous_transaction but using that is usually a code smell).
The correct solution is:
Write a one-off DDL script to add those columns
If necessary make the script idempotent by checking for the prior existence of those columns before executing the ALTER TABLE statements
Run the script.
Populate the table with all the columns.
Of course this has nothing to do with the mutating table error which is due to those UPDATE statements. We cannot execute DML (including selects) on the table which hosts the trigger. I'm not sure what business rule you are trying to implement but you need a different way of doing it.
I am trying to make sure that my primary key auto increments. The code below is what I have tried so far.
create or replace trigger field_null
before insert on table
for each row
begin
if :new.number_id is null then
select number_id_SEQ.nextval into :new.number_id from table;
end if;
end;
Instead of table in select query,try to use dual. Try this General Trigger syntax to create trigger for Auto-increment column
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER %triggername%
BEFORE INSERT ON %tablename% FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT %seqname%.NEXTVAL
INTO :NEW.%columnname%
FROM DUAL;
END;
%seqname% will be replaced with the name of the sequence.
%triggername% will be replaced with the name of the trigger.
%columnname% will be replaced with the name of the associated column.
And to Create Sequence, You can use the following syntax:-
CREATE SEQUENCE %seqname%
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1;
Refer Here
I have a workqueue table that has a workid column. The workID column has values that increment automatically. Is there a way I can run a query in the backend to insert a new row and have the workID column increment automatically?
When I try to insert a null, it throws error ORA01400 - Cannot insert null into workid.
insert into WORKQUEUE (facilitycode,workaction,description) values ('J', 'II', 'TESTVALUES')
What I have tried so far - I tried to look at the table details and didn't see any auto-increment. The table script is as follow
"WORKID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE,
Database: Oracle 10g
Screenshot of some existing data.
ANSWER:
I have to thank each and everyone for the help. Today was a great learning experience and without your support, I couldn't have done. Bottom line is, I was trying to insert a row into a table that already has sequences and triggers. All I had to do was find the right sequence, for my question, and call that sequence into my query.
The links you all provided me helped me look these sequences up and find the one that is for this workid column. Thanks to you all, I gave everyone a thumbs up, I am able to tackle another dragon today and help patient care take a step forward!"
This is a simple way to do it without any triggers or sequences:
insert into WORKQUEUE (ID, facilitycode, workaction, description)
values ((select max(ID)+1 from WORKQUEUE), 'J', 'II', 'TESTVALUES')
It worked for me but would not work with an empty table, I guess.
To get an auto increment number you need to use a sequence in Oracle.
(See here and here).
CREATE SEQUENCE my_seq;
SELECT my_seq.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL; -- to get the next value
-- use in a trigger for your table demo
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER demo_increment
BEFORE INSERT ON demo
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT my_seq.NEXTVAL
INTO :new.id
FROM dual;
END;
/
There is no built-in auto_increment in Oracle.
You need to use sequences and triggers.
Read here how to do it right. (Step-by-step how-to for "Creating auto-increment columns in Oracle")
ELXAN#DB1> create table cedvel(id integer,ad varchar2(15));
Table created.
ELXAN#DB1> alter table cedvel add constraint pk_ad primary key(id);
Table altered.
ELXAN#DB1> create sequence test_seq start with 1 increment by 1;
Sequence created.
ELXAN#DB1> create or replace trigger ad_insert
before insert on cedvel
REFERENCING NEW AS NEW OLD AS OLD
for each row
begin
select test_seq.nextval into :new.id from dual;
end;
/ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Trigger created.
ELXAN#DB1> insert into cedvel (ad) values ('nese');
1 row created.
You can use either SEQUENCE or TRIGGER to increment automatically the value of a given column in your database table however the use of TRIGGERS would be more appropriate. See the following documentation of Oracle that contains major clauses used with triggers with suitable examples.
Use the CREATE TRIGGER statement to create and enable a database trigger, which is:
A stored PL/SQL block associated with a table, a schema, or the
database or
An anonymous PL/SQL block or a call to a procedure implemented in
PL/SQL or Java
Oracle Database automatically executes a trigger when specified conditions occur. See.
Following is a simple TRIGGER just as an example for you that inserts the primary key value in a specified table based on the maximum value of that column. You can modify the schema name, table name etc and use it. Just give it a try.
/*Create a database trigger that generates automatically primary key values on the CITY table using the max function.*/
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER PROJECT.PK_MAX_TRIGGER_CITY
BEFORE INSERT ON PROJECT.CITY
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
CNT NUMBER;
PKV CITY.CITY_ID%TYPE;
NO NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)INTO CNT FROM CITY;
IF CNT=0 THEN
PKV:='CT0001';
ELSE
SELECT 'CT'||LPAD(MAX(TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(CITY_ID,3,LENGTH(CITY_ID)))+1),4,'0') INTO PKV
FROM CITY;
END IF;
:NEW.CITY_ID:=PKV;
END;
Would automatically generates values such as CT0001, CT0002, CT0002 and so on and inserts into the given column of the specified table.
SQL trigger for automatic date generation in oracle table:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER name_of_trigger
BEFORE INSERT
ON table_name
REFERENCING NEW AS NEW
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT sysdate INTO :NEW.column_name FROM dual;
END;
/
the complete know how, i have included a example of the triggers and sequence
create table temasforo(
idtemasforo NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,
autor VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
fecha DATE DEFAULT (sysdate),
asunto LONG );
create sequence temasforo_seq
start with 1
increment by 1
nomaxvalue;
create or replace
trigger temasforo_trigger
before insert on temasforo
referencing OLD as old NEW as new
for each row
begin
:new.idtemasforo:=temasforo_seq.nextval;
end;
reference:
http://thenullpointerexceptionx.blogspot.mx/2013/06/llaves-primarias-auto-incrementales-en.html
For completeness, I'll mention that Oracle 12c does support this feature. Also it's supposedly faster than the triggers approach. For example:
CREATE TABLE foo
(
id NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY (
START WITH 1 NOCACHE ORDER ) NOT NULL ,
name VARCHAR2 (50)
)
LOGGING ;
ALTER TABLE foo ADD CONSTRAINT foo_PK PRIMARY KEY ( id ) ;
Best approach: Get the next value from sequence
The nicest approach is getting the NEXTVAL from the SEQUENCE "associated" with the table. Since the sequence is not directly associated to any specific table,
we will need to manually refer the corresponding table from the sequence name convention.
The sequence name used on a table, if follow the sequence naming convention, will mention the table name inside its name. Something likes <table_name>_SEQ. You will immediately recognize it the moment you see it.
First, check within Oracle system if there is any sequence "associated" to the table
SELECT * FROM all_sequences
WHERE SEQUENCE_OWNER = '<schema_name>';
will present something like this
Grab that SEQUENCE_NAME and evaluate the NEXTVAL of it in your INSERT query
INSERT INTO workqueue(id, value) VALUES (workqueue_seq.NEXTVAL, 'A new value...')
Additional tip
In case you're unsure if this sequence is actually associated with the table, just quickly compare the LAST_NUMBER of the sequence (meaning the current value) with the maximum id of
that table. It's expected that the LAST_NUMBER is greater than or equals to the current maximum id value in the table, as long as the gap is not too suspiciously large.
SELECT LAST_NUMBER
FROM all_sequences
WHERE SEQUENCE_OWNER = '<schema_name>' AND SEQUENCE_NAME = 'workqueue_seq';
SELECT MAX(ID)
FROM workqueue;
Reference: Oracle CURRVAL and NEXTVAL
Alternative approach: Get the current max id from the table
The alternative approach is getting the max value from the table, please refer to Zsolt Sky answer in this same question
This is a simple way to do it without any triggers or sequences:
insert into WORKQUEUE (ID, facilitycode, workaction, description)
values ((select count(1)+1 from WORKQUEUE), 'J', 'II', 'TESTVALUES');
Note : here need to use count(1) in place of max(id) column
It perfectly works for an empty table also.