Question1:
Do i have to use to_date while inserting date?
INSERT INTO some_table (date1, date2)
VALUES (to_date('2012-10-24','YYYY-MM-DD'), to_date('2012-10-24','YYYY-MM-DD'));
Or can just insert as string? Will everything be OK this way too? I've tried and it worked.
INSERT INTO some_table (date1, date2)
VALUES ('2012-10-24',2012-10-24');
Question2:
What happens if i won't name columns that i'm inserting into? It works, but my question is if it inserts randomly now or it takes order of columns during creation of table?
INSERT INTO some_table
VALUES ('2012-10-24',2012-10-24');
1 seems to only work with the 'YYYY-MM-DD' format:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28286/sql_elements003.htm#SQLRF51049 says
You can specify a DATE value as a string literal ... to specify a DATE value as a literal, you must use the Gregorian calendar. You can specify an ANSI literal... The ANSI date literal contains no time portion, and must be specified in the format 'YYYY-MM-DD'.
However, it might work with time if you use the
Alternatively you can specify an Oracle date value... The default date format for an Oracle DATE value is specified by the initialization parameter NLS_DATE_FORMAT.
For question 2, it uses the order at definition of the table. However you have to give values for all columns in that case.
Oracle supports Standard SQL date literals (since 9i).
It's DATE followed by a string with 'yyyy-mm-dd' format
DATE '2014-05-10'
It's much shorter than TO_DATE and it's independent of any NLS settings.
Similar for timestamps:
TIMESTAMP '2014-05-10 09:52:35'
Regarding your 2nd question: It's the order of columns as defined within the CREATE TABLE.
You could even do it like this one:
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'MM:YYYY:DD';
INSERT INTO some_table (date1) VALUES ('05:2014:10');
...but doing it like this is not recommended. Use TO_DATE or DATE Literal, e.g. DATE '2014-05-10' instead. It makes your life easier.
Related
From what I have seen so far, when inserting into a table that has date value such as "27-10-2004", the following format DD-MON-YYYY is used
insert into tableName values('27-Oct-2004')
Is it possible to insert the date in its original format '27-10-2004' into the table? In general how many variations of this date may be considered correct for inserting into tables (this is without using any built-in functions, just SQL)?
Use a date literal in Oracle:
insert into tableName
values (DATE '2004-10-27');
This defines a date constant using the ISO standard format YYYY-MM-DD.
If you wanted to use a specific format -- which I wouldn't recommend -- then you can convert to a date using to_date():
insert into tableName
values (to_date('27-10-2004', 'DD-MM-YYYY'));
Any particular string that you use is interpreted based on system settings, so it can vary by language and geography.
Note: When inserting a value, you should include the column names. I assume that your code is just for illustrative purposes.
I have a table with the following format:
CREATE TABLE perflog(
REQ_TIME TIMESTAMP,
RESP_TIME TIMESTAMP,
OPERATION VARCHAR2(50),
STATUS_CODE VARCHAR2(10),
STATUS_BODY VARCHAR2(30)
);
-I want to insert a timestamp in the following format: e.g. 2020-07-27T23:33:41.427330
-I'm getting the following error:
SQL> insert into perflog(REQ_TIME) VALUES(2020-07-27T23:33:41.427330);
SP2-0552: Bind variable "33" not declared.
I don't get how to declare the timestamp in order to insert dates like the above. Sorry if it is a noob question but I'm a begginer.
Simply wrapping your value in single quotes isn't enough:
insert into perflog(REQ_TIME) VALUES('2020-07-27T23:33:41.427330');
ORA-01843: not a valid month
The actual error you get will depend on your session's NLS settings (and it's possible it would work - for you, if you set your session up in a certain way - but then not necessarily for anyone else.)
Oracle has timestamp literals which you can use instead of to_timestamp(), but unfortunately they don't allow the "T":
insert into perflog(REQ_TIME) VALUES(TIMESTAMP '2020-07-27T23:33:41.427330');
ORA-01861: literal does not match format string
and you can't remove it within the call (e.g. with replace) as that then isn't a literal; so you would have to change the "T" to a space externally:
insert into perflog(REQ_TIME) VALUES(TIMESTAMP '2020-07-27 23:33:41.427330');
If you're stuck with a string with that format then use an explicitly to_timestamp() call to convert your string to the data type you want, supplying the matching format mask, including a character-literal `"T"':
insert into perflog(REQ_TIME)
VALUES(TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-07-27T23:33:41.427330', 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS.FF6'));
db<>fiddle
It's worth noting that timestamps (and dates) do not have a specific human-readable format when stored in the database. Oracle uses one of several internal representations, depending on the flavour of datetime you're using. Your client, IDE or application will format that as a readable string when you query the data, usually using your session NLS settings again. To get the data back as a string in a specific format you should use to_char() with the appropriate format supplied.
db<>fiddle with some examples.
Use a timestamp literal using a space character instead of a T:
insert into perflog(REQ_TIME) VALUES( TIMESTAMP '2020-07-27 23:33:41.427330');
db<>fiddle
I am using Oracle database. I have a table called "TEST" where the dates/timestamps(These are stored as "Char" in my case) are stored in the following format. Now I want to retrieve the records of last twelve months based on today's date. What would be the correct way to do that?
TESTCOLUMN
------------
2019-06-28-02.01.07.327240
2020-06-28-04.49.12.480240
2020-06-28-05.05.10.681240
I think you need to use the ADD_MONTHS function and BETWEEN clause as follows:
SELECT * FROM YOUR_TABLE
WHERE TO_TIMESTAMP(YOUR_COLUMN,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24.MI.SS.FF')
BETWEEN ADD_MONTHS(SYSTIMESTAMP,-12) AND SYSTIMESTAMP;
Although storing values in a string is not recommended, your format is comparable. So you can do the comparison using strings rather than date/timestamps. Assuming your values are only in the past:
where testcolumn >= to_char(SYSTIMESTAMP, -12), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24.MI.SS.FF')
This has an advantage over Tejash's solution, because this can make use of an index (or partitions) on testcolumn. Moving the date manipulations only on the "constants" (i.e. the system timestamp) helps the Oracle optimizer.
can we insert date into varchar2 in oracle without converting by to_char?
Oracle will convert the date into a string using what localization settings are in place during the insert. This is true not only of Oracle but of any database. For a date, that might commonly be in the format "DD-MON-YY".
Here is an example of inserting a date into a varchar2 column.
That said, you should not do this. You should be storing date/time values in the database using the correct data type -- and that would be either date or timestamp. If you want to insert a constant, then use the date or timestamp qualifier with the appropriate value following it.
I'm a freshman in sql. So that recently my lecture had give us one practical.
The practical file was showing an error.
INSERT INTO sales VALUES ('6380', '1111', '2012-10-01 00:00:00', 2, '30', 'TC7777');
The error was 00:00:00. As my lecture say SQL did not allow this format
So here comes my question:
- Is that possible SQL keep tracking all the time , like the 00:00:00 ?
- And is that SQL are key sensitive , SELECT and select or I should keep the habit that put all in upper case ?
Speaking to Oracle only, the database ALWAYS stores times with date/timestamp values. You just have to properly tell it to do so. In your example, you could say:
INSERT INTO sales
VALUES ('6380', '1111', TO_DATE('2012-10-01 00:00:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS')...
The default format for date values in Oracle is governed by the NLS_DATE_FORMAT system parameter in the database. If you don't explicitly supply date values with the TO_DATE function, Oracle will expect date strings to conform to this format. That's why you're getting an error in your example. Also, if you don't supply a time value, it defaults to 00:00:00.
The same principle applies on output, too. You can accept the default output for a date value by simply selecting the value:
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
---------
27-JUN-15
SQL>
Or you can format it with TO_CHAR:
SQL> select TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2015-06-27 11:10:48
SQL>
Is that possible SQL keep tracking all the time , like the 00:00:00 ?
If your Datatype in SQL table is Date, By default in Oracle, Default format for date is Date only so If you are specifying Time with date while inserting data you get error.
To Insert time with date, you have to convert date format while insert data
TO_DATE('2003/05/03 21:02:44', 'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss')
SEE Example
You can change this default date format with
alter session set nls_date_format= your date format here
NLS_DATE_FORMAT Refer Here
is that SQL are key sensitive , SELECT and select or I should keep the
habit that put all in upper case ?
SQL is not case sensitive, you can use either one, UPPER CASE, lower case or even Camel Case. Example :- SELECT or select or even Select. Just for better readability, Prefer to use All keywords in UPPER Case.