Closed. This question needs to be more focused. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it focuses on one problem only by editing this post.
Closed 8 years ago.
Improve this question
I've read the terms System Acceptance Test and User Acceptance Test in a document.
But I can't really figure out what's the difference between these two.
Can anybody explain the difference?
There is no official terminology in testing. Usually, the context in which they are used in the document should help find out the exact meaning the author have in mind.
From my experience though, I would say:
system acceptance testing is more about platforms, OS, browser type etc. It is about using the SUT in a close-to-reality set of environments that ressemble the one the SUT is going to be used in. The actual test effort might be to have a set of end2end tests that you will run in those difference environments.
user acceptance testing focus more on the end-user experience. What you will check is that the user gets what he wants from the SUT, feature by feature. Here you will take a single platform/env and run many different smaller tests to check the feature one by one. You can do this by following test plans or with a more exploratory approach
User acceptance testing is done by client or customer.It will take place in client place.They will check whether the application meeting the requirements or not.
system acceptance testing is the testing done on a particular application in different environments such as different OS, Browsers, browser versions etc.It is usually done in developer location only.
UAT- after completion of testing cycle, application goes to user acceptance testing it means client or user will test that application then that application will be live.
SAT- are special control systems developed to control the functionality of subsystem before sending the acceptance to the provider or system to check if the equipment to be accepted fulfills its specifications.
System Acceptance Testing (SAT):- **
It is end-to-end testing wherein testing environment is similar to the production environment.We can also called it End to End testing.
Here, we navigate through all the features of the software and test if the end business / and feature works. We just test the end feature and don’t check for data flow or do functional testing and all.
**
**
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
**:-Acceptance testing is done by end users. Here, they use the s/w for the business for a particular period of time and check whether the s/w can handle all kinds of real-time business scenarios / situations.
System Testing: Finding the defects, when the system is tested as a whole, this also called as end to end testing. In this testing, tester needs to test the application from log-in to log-out.
UAT: User acceptance testing is to get the acceptance from the client. UAT is generally done at client's environment. Before UAT pre UAT should be done.
Lifted from http://www.geekinterview.com/question_details/19127
Related
Closed. This question is opinion-based. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it can be answered with facts and citations by editing this post.
Closed 2 years ago.
Improve this question
My company at the beginning of building Test Automation architecture.
There are different types of apps: windows desktop, web, mobile.
What would you experienced folks recommend to start from?
I mean resources.
Building whole system or construct something basic and enhancing in future?
Thanks a lot!
Start small. If you don't know what you need, build the smallest thing you can that adds value.
It's very likely that the first thing you build will not be what you need, and that you will need to scrap it and do something else.
Finally, don't try and test EVERYTHING. This is what I see fail over and over. Most automated test suites die under their own weight. Someone makes the decision that EVERYTHING must be tested, and so you build 10,000 tests around every CSS change. This then costs a fortune to update when the requirements change. And then you get the requirement to make the bar blue instead of red...
One of two things happen, either the tests get ignored, and the suite dies, or the business compromises what it wants because the tests cost so much to update. In the first case, the investment in tests was a complete waste, the second case is even more dangerous, it implies that the test suite is actually impeding progress, not assisting it.
Automate the most important tests. Find the most important workflows. The analysis of what to test should take more time than writing the tests themselves.
Finally, embrace the Pyramid of Tests.
Just as Rob Conklin said,
Start small
Identify the most important tests
Build your test automation architecture around these tests
Ensure your architecture allows for reusability and manageability
Build easily understandable report and error logs
Add Test Data Management to your architecture
Once you ensure all these, you can enhance later as you add new tests
in addition to what was already mentioned:
Make sure you have fast feedback from your automated tests. Ideally they should be executed after each commit to master branch.
Identify in which areas of your system test automation brings the biggest value.
Start from integration tests and leave end-to-end tests for a while
Try to keep every automated test very small and checking only one function
Prefer low level test interface like API, CLI over GUI.
I'm curious on what path you chose. We run UI automated tests for mobile, desktop applications, and web.
Always start small but building a framework is what I recommend as the first steps when facing this problem.
The approach we took is:
create mono repo
installed selenium webdriver for web
installed winapp driver for desktop
installed appium for mobile
created an api for each system
DesktopApi
WebApi
MobileApi
These APIs contain business functions that we share across teams.
This builds our framework to now write tests going across the different systems such as:
create a user on mobile device
enter a case for them in our desktop
application login on the web as the user and check balance
Before getting started on the framework it is always best to learn from others test automation mistakes.
Start with prioritizing which tests should be automated such as business critical features, repetitive tests that must be executed for every build or release (smoke tests, sanity tests, regression tests), data-driven tests, and stress and load testing. If your application supports different operating systems and browsers, it’s highly useful to automate tests early that verifies stability and proper page rendering.
In the initial stages of building your automation framework, keep the tests simple and gradually include more complex tests. And in all cases, the tests should be easily maintained, and you need to consider how you will debug errors, report on test results, scheduling tests, and bulk test runs.
Closed. This question needs to be more focused. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it focuses on one problem only by editing this post.
Closed 8 years ago.
Improve this question
I don't have a clear idea about smoke testing and sanity testing, some books say that both are same but some tester in some project called as a smoke testing and some tester in some project called as sanity testing, So please give me clear cut idea about my question.
Sorry but there is no clear-cut. Like you explain in your question there is no consensus on the definition, or at least on the difference between sanity and smoke.
Now about smoke tests (or sanity tests!), those are the tests that you can run quickly to get a general idea of how your System Under Test (SUT) behaves. For software testing, this will obviously contain some kind of installation, setup, playing around with the feature and shutdown. If nothing goes wrong, then you now you can go on with your testing. This provides a quick feedback to the team and avoid starting a longer test campaign only to realise that some major features are broken and the SUT is not really usable.
This definition stands for both manual and automated tests. For example, if you use Jenkins (for CI) and Robot Framework (for test automation), you could create 2 jobs in Jenkins: smoke tests and full tests (using tags, this is straightforward). Smoke test job could last a couple of minutes (or max 15 minutes let's say) and the full tests job could as long as needed. Thus the smoke test job gives you a quick feedback on the SUT build (if your smoke tets is a child project of the SUT build of course)
Smoke testing also known as Build version Testing.
Smoke testing is the initial testing process exercised to check whether the software under test is ready/stable for further testing.
sanity testing is a type of testing to check the capability of a new software version is able to perform well enough to accept it for a major testing effort.
Think of the analogy of testing a new electronic device. The first thing you do is turn it on to see if it starts smoking. If it does, there's something fundamentally wrong, so no additional testing either can be done or is worth doing.
For a website, the simplest smoke test is to go to the website and see if the http response is 200. If not, there's no point in testing further. A more useful smoke test might be to hit every page once.
Smoke tests should run as fast as possible. The goal is quick feedback so that you can make a decision.
As for the difference between smoke tests and sanity tests... There is no significant difference. What you call them is irrelevant, as long as everyone in your organization has the same basic understanding. What's important is a quick verification that the system under test is running and has no blatantly obvious flaws.
The smoke test is designed to see if the device seems to work at all. - This is to determine if we can go on with more extensive testing or if something fundamental is broken.
The sanity tests are designed to test the most frequent usecases.
Example:
You are testing a cellphone.
Smoketest - Does it start up without crashing/starting to smoke etc. does it seem to work good enough to perform more extensive testing?
Sanity test - Can you place/recieve calls/messages - the most basic and most used features.
These are both done often and should be quick to run through, they are NOT extensive tests.
Smoke Testing is testing the basic and critical features of an application, before going ahead and doing thorough testing of that application.
Note: Only if the Smoke testing passes, we can carry ahead with other stages of testing, else the product is not fit to be tested and should be sent to Development team.
Sanity Testing: There is no clear definition as such, but this one I picked up from the Internet
Check the entire application at the basic level, focuses on Breadth rather than length.
Closed. This question needs to be more focused. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it focuses on one problem only by editing this post.
Closed 7 years ago.
Improve this question
I heard that system testing has two types
1)functional Testing
2)Non functional testing
But later in another website i have seen below statements
In the types of functional testing following testing types should be cover:
Unit Testing
Smoke testing
Sanity testing
Integration Testing
Interface Testing
System Testing
Regression Testing
UAT
I am confused, Please clarify me that whether the system testing includes functional or functional testing includes system testing and the sequence of these testings(functional is performed first or system)
Thanks
Functional testing aims to figure out whether given functionality works as specified. System testing aims to figure out whether the whole system fulfills the requirements given to it.
So in functional testing you test that given part of the whole system functions in a specified way. And in system testing you test the system as a whole fulfills the requirements given to it.
For example testing that 1+1=2 tests the plus function and sum function. And thus is a functional test. Testing whether user can calculate correct amount of tip using the calculator or not, is a system test, since it tests a requirement (calculate tip), but not a specific function of the application.
And non-functional testing includes stuff like usability and performance.
Functional testing are based on an analysis of requirements specification of a component or system.
Non-functional testing includes, but is not limited to, performance testing, load testing, stress testing, usability testing, maintainability,reliability, portability. It is the testing o how the system works.
You can call System Testing as a level of Test, instead Functional Testing is a Test Type. And System testing should investigate functional a non-functional areas of the system.
You could find more information on this subject if you read for example "ISQTB - Foundation Level Syllabus".
Non-functional testing would include, for example, performance testing - something unrelated to the actual business requirement.
Functional testing tests the business requirements.
Sometimes there is an overlap between the two.
System Testing includes both Function testing as well as non Function Testing
Functional and non functional testing is done for a particular portion or is done step by step which becomes System testing.
Functional Testing : are based on an Requirement Specification. while you check application as per flow and if u find any bug for that flow then it will functional testing.
System Testing : are test whole application.
Unit Testing : One individual parts of an application, called units, are individually and independently scrutinized for proper operation.
Regression testing : while Dev team change any module and then module not effect another module that is Regression testing.
System testing is a combination of both functional and non-functional testing.
Functional testing, in simple terms, tests the functionality of whether an application is working to requirements or not. (smoke, sanity, retesting, regression, priority based testing, riskbased testing etc.)
Non-functional tests evaluate the non functional parts such as performance, load, stress, volume, usability(userfriendliness), look and feel etc.
Functinal testing comes under System testing (which checks the overall end to end flow of an application).
Closed. This question does not meet Stack Overflow guidelines. It is not currently accepting answers.
This question does not appear to be about programming within the scope defined in the help center.
Closed 4 years ago.
Improve this question
What is exactly PAT, When we will do the pre acceptance testing?
I don't think it's a widely-used term or part of a standard. Therefore, what exactly it means is organization-specific and should be defined in a glossary somewhere. More likely though you'll just have to ask people what it means.
Any testing done before acceptance testing.
This would include:
Unit tests
Stress tests
Integration tests
Performance tests
There's no standardised meaning for the term - often it depends on your process- be it Agile or Extreme Programming etc.
Generally however, there are a number of tests done by developers or testing in a developer test environment. This can be unit tests, developer tests, sanity regression tests, performance tests - ie tests that the QA team wants done before they'll even look at it. At a bare minimum, it might be just testing that the software builds (although it's frightening how often I've had a developer fail to even check this).
Well I would like to share something which everyone may not agree to but this is what I feel Pre-Acceptance testing would be:
The testing done to perform that the system under test functions as per the designed requirements to cover the customer's business areas before entering the User Acceptance Test phase where users from the customer's side are invited to perform the testing at the vendor's location where development team assistance is available when any flaw occurs in the expected business flow. This will be called as Alpha Test. Please feel free to correct me if I have said something wrong.
Acceptance testing is a testing technique performed to determine whether or not the software system has met the requirement specifications. In SDLC, acceptance testing fit as follows:
Requirement Analysis - Acceptance Testing
High Level Design - System Testing
Low Level Design - Integration Testing
Coding - Unit Testing
Simply put, PAT is any test done before acceptance testing. There are various forms of acceptance testing such as User acceptance testing, business acceptance testing, alpha testing and beta testing.
Closed. This question needs to be more focused. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it focuses on one problem only by editing this post.
Closed 7 years ago.
The community reviewed whether to reopen this question 6 months ago and left it closed:
Original close reason(s) were not resolved
Improve this question
Are functional testing and integration testing the same?
You begin your testing through unit testing, then after completing unit testing you go for integration testing where you test the system as a whole. Is functional testing the same as integration testing? You still taking the system as a whole and testing it for functionality conformance.
Integration testing is when you test more than one component and how they function together. For instance, how another system interacts with your system, or the database interacts with your data abstraction layer. Usually, this requires a fully installed system, although in its purest forms it does not.
Functional testing is when you test the system against the functional requirements of the product. Product/Project management usually writes these up and QA formalizes the process of what a user should see and experience, and what the end result of those processes should be. Depending on the product, this can be automated or not.
Functional Testing:
Yes, we are testing the product or software as a whole functionally whether it is functionally working properly or not (testing buttons, links etc.)
For example: Login page.
you provide the username and password, you test whether it is taking you to home page or not.
Integration Testing:
Yes, you test the integrated software only but you test where the data flow is happening and is there any changes happening in the database.
For example: Sending e-mail
You send one mail to someone, there is a data flow and also change in database (the sent table increases value by 1)
Remember - clicking links and images is not integration testing. Hope you understood why, because there is no change in database by just clicking on a link.
Hope this helped you.
Functional Testing: It is a process of testing where each and every component of the module is tested. Eg: If a web page contains text field, radio botton, Buttons and Drop down etc components needed to be checked.
Integration Testing: Process where the dataflow between 2 modules are checked.
This is an important distinction, but unfortunately you will never find agreement. The problem is that most developers define these from their own point of view. It's very similar to the debate over Pluto. (If it were closer to the Sun, would it be a planet?)
Unit testing is easy to define. It tests the CUT (Code Under Test) and nothing else. (Well, as little else as possible.) That means mocks, fakes, and fixtures.
At the other end of the spectrum there is what many people call system integration testing. That's testing as much as possible, but still looking for bugs in your own CUT.
But what about the vast expanse between?
For example, what if you test just a little bit more than the CUT? What if you include a Fibonacci function, instead of using a fixture which you had injected? I would call that functional testing, but the world disagrees with me.
What if you include time() or rand()? Or what if you call http://google.com? I would call that system testing, but again, I am alone.
Why does this matter? Because system-tests are unreliable. They are necessary, but they will sometimes fail for reasons beyond your control. On the other hand, functional tests should always pass, not fail randomly; if they are fast, they might as well be used from the start in order to use Test-Driven Development without writing too many tests for your internal implementation. In other words, I think that unit-tests can be more trouble than they are worth, and I have good company.
I put tests on 3 axes, with all their zeroes at unit-testing:
Functional-testing: using real code deeper and deeper down your call-stack.
Integration-testing: higher and higher up your call-stack; in other words, testing your CUT by running the code which would use it.
System-testing: more and more unrepeatable operations (O/S scheduler, clock, network, etc.)
A test can easily be all 3, to varying degrees.
I would say that both are tightly linked to each other and very tough to distinguish between them.
In my view, Integration testing is a subset of functional testing.
Functionality testing is based on the initial requirements you receive. You will test the application behaviour is as expected with the requirements.
When it comes to integration testing, it is the interaction between modules. If A module sends an input, B module able to process it or not.
Integration testing - Integration testing is nothing but the testing of different modules. You have to test relationship between modules. For ex you open facebook then you see login page after entering login id and password you can see home page of facebook hence login page is one module and home page is another module. you have to check only relationship between them means when you logged in then only home page must be open not message box or anything else. There are 2 main types of integration testing TOP-DOWN approach and BOTTOM UP approach.
Functional Testing - In functional testing you have to only think about input and output. In this case you have to think like a actual user. Testing of What input you gave and what output you got is Functional testing. you have to only observe output. In functional testing you don't need to test coding of application or software.
In a Functional testing tester focuses only Functionality and sub functionality of application. Functionality of app should be working properly or not.
In integration testing tester have to check dependency between modules or sub-modules.Example for modules records should be fetching and displayed correctly in another module.
Integration Test:-
When Unit testing is done and issues are resolved to the related components then all the required components need to integrate under the one system so that it can perform an operation.
After combining the components of the system,To test that whether the system is working properly or not,this kind of testing is called as Integration Testing.
Functional Testing:-
The Testing is mainly divided into two categories as
1.Functional Testing
2.Non-Functional Testing
**Functional Testing:-
To test that whether the software is working according to the requirements of the user or not.
**Non-Functional Testing:-
To test that whether the software satisfies the quality criteria like Stress Test,Security test etc.
Usually,Customer will provide the requirements for Functional Test only and for Non Functional test,Requirements should not be mentioned but the application necessarily perform those activity.
Integration testing It can be seen as how the different modules of the system work together.
We mostly refers to the integrated functionality of the different modules, rather different components of the system.
For any system or software product to work efficiently, every component has to be in sync with each other.
Most of the time tool we used for integration testing will be chosen that we used for unit testing.
It is used in complex situations, when unit testing proves to be insufficient to test the system.
Functional Testing
It can be defined as testing the individual functionality of modules.
It refers to testing the software product at an individual level, to check its functionality.
Test cases are developed to check the software for expected and unexpected results.
This type of testing is carried out more from a user perspective. That is to say, it considers the expectation of the user for a type of input.
It is also referred as black-box testing as well as close-box testing
Checking the functionality of the application is generally known as functional testing, where as the integration testing is to check the flow of data from one module to other.
Lets take example of money transfer app.Suppose we have page in which we enter all the credentials and if we press transfer button and after that if we getting any success, Then this is functional testing. But in same example if we verify the amount transfer then it is integration testing.
Authors diverge a lot on this. I don't believe there is "the" correct interpretation for this. It really depends.
For example: most Rails developers consider unit tests as model tests, functional tests as controller tests and integration tests as those using something like Capybara to explore the application from a final user's perspective - that is, navigating through the page's generated HTML, using the DOM to check for expectations.
There is also acceptance tests, which in turn are a "live" documentation of the system (usually they use Gherkin to make it possible to write those in natural language), describing all of the application's features through multiple scenarios, which are in turn automated by a developer. Those, IMHO, could be also considered as both, functional tests and integration tests.
Once you understand the key concept behind each of those, you get to be more flexible regarding the right or wrong. So, again IMHO, a functional test could also be considered an integration test. For the integration test, depending on the kind of integration it's exercising, it may not be considerate a functional test - but you generally have some requirements in mind when you are writing an integration test, so most of the time it can be also considerate as a functional test.