Sort Date stored in SQLite database - sql

I'm using a SQLite database (not mine) and I have to sort some data, order by date.
I have done many searches on the web but no solutions found!
The type of the field with the dates is "Date", with the format: DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm:SS
I tried many functions like strftime, datetime, date, ... But I can't sort the date correctly.
For example, if I do something like this:
SELECT * FROM events ORDER BY start_date
The date 04/10/2013 00:00:00 is after 03/12/2013... You know what I mean ?
I really don't know how I can sort in this format.
Thanks for your help
UPDATE 1:
I tried something like this:
SELECT start_date FROM events ORDER BY strftime('%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S', start_date)
Is this the right way to do ?
Results: No error, but nothing has changed. The dates are not sorted.
UPDATE 2:
Solution by laalto:
select * from tab order by substr(col,7,4)||'-'||substr(col,4,2)||'-'||substr(col,1,2)||'T'||substr(col,12);

The best way is to make the data sortable at insertion phase e.g. by inserting ISO-8601 stamps or unixtime integers, but since it's not your database, let's assume you can't influence that.
You can use substr() to extract parts from the datetime string and construct e.g. a ISO-8601 datetime string that you can sort lexicographically, resulting in chronological order.
Example:
sqlite> create table tab(col);
sqlite> insert into tab values('04/10/2013 00:00:00'),('03/12/2013 00:00:00');
sqlite> select substr(col,7,4)||'-'||substr(col,4,2)||'-'||substr(col,1,2)||'T'||substr(col,12) as date from tab order by date;
2013-10-04T00:00:00
2013-12-03T00:00:00
sqlite> select * from tab order by substr(col,7,4)||'-'||substr(col,4,2)||'-'||substr(col,1,2)||'T'||substr(col,12);
04/10/2013 00:00:00
03/12/2013 00:00:00

Related

how to select only by date from timestamp column in postgres?

I have a table.
as you can see created_date column is timestamp field. now on selection i want to consider only date value. for e.g if i want to make selection of rows from today i want to do something like:-
select * from audit_logs where created_date = '2018-11-28';
the above query returns null. is it possible to make selection this way ?
You can use date() function
select * from audit_logs where date(created_date) = '2018-11-28'
An alternative function is date_trunc(text, timestamp), if you want more flexibility (truncate to hour, for example). Check out the postgres documentation (which is great) for all the date/time functions: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-datetime.html
You do get a timestamp back instead of date, mind.

Date difference = 0 in where clause Oracle?

I have the same problem as this. The only difference is that I use Oracle. I want to select the rows which has insertion_date='20.11.2018'. So my query was
select * from table where insertion_date='20.11.2018'
In that question they suggested datediff, so I looked at its equivalent in oracle and I learned that I can do date arithmetic. So I tried somethings like these:
select * from table where insertion_date -'20.11.2018'=0;
It gave ora-00932 inconsistent datatypes expected date got number.
So, then I tried;
select * from table where insertion_date - to_date('20.11.2018', 'dd.MM.YYYY') = 0;
It does not give error but also does not display the results which I know there must be. What am I doing wrong here? Thanks.
Update: Sorry I forgot to mention that insertion_date is type date. But it also has time(hour, minutes, seconds) info in it.
What is INSERTION_DATE's datatype?
If it is DATE, then comparing it to another date (note: this is date literal; value you used is a string!)
select * from table where insertion_date = date '2018-11-20'
might work, unless INSERTION_DATE contains time component (hours and minutes). Then, the simplest option is to truncate its value (so that you get date itself, at midnight):
select * from table where trunc(insertion_date) = date '2018-11-20'
but it'll ruin index you have on that column (unless it is a function-based one). For small tables, it won't make any difference. For large amount of data, it would so convert it to
select * from table where insertion_date >= date '2018-11-20'
and insertion_date < date '2018-11-21'
If, on the other hand, INSERTION_DATE is a string (VARCHAR2 or CHAR) datatype (which is a really bad idea; consider switching to DATE datatype), then you have to know its format, convert it to DATE first and then compare to another date. For example, if it was a string that contains date values in format dd.mm.yyyy, then
select * from table where to_date(insertion_date, 'dd.mm.yyyy') = date '2018-11-20'
This will certainly fail if any string in that column doesn't match such a format or contains invalid values (such as "date" 53.67.Bx48).

Select Varchar as Date

I want to select a varchar field as a date field
For example a field has this value "30.12.2011 21:15:03"
and when i select this
select DATE from TABLE where DATE = '30.12.2011'
i get no result.
You ask about getting the date part of a timestamp field, but what your question is actually about is filtering on the date of a timestamp field. There is a much simpler method of accomplishing that: you can use the knowledge that all the possible timestamps on a specific date won't have any timestamps for different dates between them.
select DATE
from TABLE
where DATE >= '30.12.2011' and DATE < '31.12.2011'
Your edit explains that you haven't got a timestamp field at all. Nevertheless, a similar approach may still work:
select DATE
from TABLE
where DATE LIKE '30.12.2011 %'
Or the Firebird-specific
select DATE
from TABLE
where DATE starting with '30.12.2011 '
Assuming the field is a date field, use the DATE introducer combined with yyyy-mm-dd (or TIMESTAMP with time as well).
So use:
select datefield from sometable where datefield = DATE '2011-12-30'
Technically you can leave off the introducer, but it is 'correcter' in the light of the SQL standard.
Assuming a TIMESTAMP field, you won't get results unless the timestamp is (always) at 00:00:00.0000 (in which case it should have been a DATE instead).
For the comparison to work, you need to use either BETWEEN, eg:
select timestampfield from sometable
where timestampfield BETWEEN '2011-12-30 00:00:00.0000' AND '2011-12-30 23:59:59.9999'
or truncate the timestamp to a date (this may adversely effect performance if the timestamp is indexed, because then the index can no longer be used), eg:
select timestampfield from sometable
where CAST(timestampfield AS DATE) = '2011-12-30'
If the date is stored in a VARCHAR field (which in itself is a bad idea), there are several solutions, first is to handle it as date manipulation:
select varcharfield from sometable
where CAST(CAST(varcharfield AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE) = '2011-12-30'
The double cast is required if you have a time-component in VARCHARFIELD as well. This assumes dates in the supported format listed below. If you use BETWEEN as above, you can use a single cast to timestamp)
The other solution (as suggested by hvd) is to treat it purely as string manipulation, for example:
select varcharfield from sometable
where varcharfield STARTING WITH '30.12.2011'
This has its own set of problems if you want to select ranges. Bottomline: use a real TIMESTAMP field!
Note that Firebird supports multiple formats:
yyyy-mm-dd, eg 2014-05-25 (ISO-8601 format, probably best to use as it reduces confusion)
dd.mm.yyyy, eg 25.05.2014
mm/dd/yyyy, eg 05/25/2014
mm-dd-yyyy, eg 05-25-2014
dd mmm yyyy, eg 25 MAY 2014 (+ variations with a -, . or / as separator)
mmm dd yyyy, eg MAY 25 2014 (+ variations with a -, . or / as separator)
select DATE from TABLE where cast(DATE as date) = '30.12.2011'
Date field is a timestamp
Here is the answere to my question:
CAST
(
SUBSTRING
(field FROM 1 FOR 2)
||'.'||
SUBSTRING
(field FROM 4 FOR 2)
||'.'||
SUBSTRING
(field FFROM 7 FOR 4)
AS DATE)
This took me 5 hours to find this out, maybe there should be a "-" instead of "." but it works.

Issue with Fetching Date using SYSDATE?

I have a table structure having a EMP_DATE column as below
ID EMP_DATE
---- -----------
5400 14-FEB-2012
and i have inserted records into the table as below
INSERT INTO TEST_DATE VALUES(5400,SYSDATE);
After inserting records while i am trying to fetch the records of those who has EMP_DATE
as SYSDATE its giving no rows selected.
For time being let the SYSDATE be '01-JUL-2012`
SELECT * FROM TEST_DATE WHERE EMP_DATE = SYSDATE;
(OR)
SELECT * FROM TESt_DATE WHERE EMP_DATE = '01-JUL-2012';
i was not able figure out any solution .
Any suggestions would be helpful .
The main problem is that a date includes hours, minutes and seconds, which you're not allowing for. If you want everything for a single day you can use the trunc function in order to get this:
SELECT * FROM TEST_DATE WHERE trunc(EMP_DATE) = trunc(SYSDATE);
By default trunc removes the time portion of a date, when operating on a date column. I would normally recommend a functional index on trunc(emp_date) in order to optimize this query. Something like:
create index i_test_date on test_date(trunc(emp_date));
I've built a little SQL Fiddle to demonstrate this.
There is an additional problem; though Oracle does support ANSI date literals your second query is wrong. Always, explicitly convert to a string to a date using the to_date function.
SELECT * FROM TEST_DATE WHERE EMP_DATE = to_date('01-07-2012','dd-mm-yyyy');
I've used the mm datetime format model instead of mon as there's no guarantee that JUL will always mean July; it depends on your NLS parameters, what "date language" your particular database or session is using. A datetime format model is how you tell the database the format of whatever string you're passing it to be converted into a date.
If you're interested the ANSI syntax for your second query would be:
SELECT * FROM TESt_DATE WHERE trunc(EMP_DATE) = DATE '2012-07-01'
It must be in this format (YYYY-MM-DD) to work.

Between operation for date in SQLite database

I have a table student with the following columns:
no - integer
name - string
startdate - date
enddate - date.
Date format is MM/DD/YYYY.
I will give a date as input. Now I need a query the inputdate which found in between the start and end date.
For an example I will give 04/14/2012, then the query should return the 1st record as in the figure.
(because input date (04/14/2012) is found in between the 04/10/2012 to 04/20/2012)
Please help me.
The issue you are having is caused by your assumption that sqlite has a date/datetime type when in fact it doesn't.
I suggest you read the following http://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html to have a better understanding of sqlite types.
The dates in the MM/DD/YYYY format are handled as TEXT by sqlite, and so those dates are compared as strings. For example, 02/01/2012 is considered bigger than 01/02/2012by sqlite if compared directly.
You will need to transform those dates to a format that can be string-compared. Here is an example:
sqlite> create table foo (d TEXT);
sqlite> insert into foo values ('02/01/2012');
sqlite> select substr(d, 7, 4) || substr(d, 1, 2) || substr(d, 4, 2) from foo;
20120201
You should post what you have tried so far.
There should be a between clause that you can use:
select * from table
where inputdate between startdate and enddate
Dates as a date type in SQLite don't exist. There are a number of approaches to dealing with dates - store them as integer seconds since 1 Jan 1970 (unixepoch) or store them as strings, but if you do, then you really need to store them in 'YYYY-MM-DD' format because that is what the date functions require as input.
Assuming you use the string format in the format I suggested then your query would look something like
SELECT * FROM Table WHERE Date(Inputdate) BETWEEEN Date(startDate) AND Date(EndDate);
(although you may want to format the output of the date columns to US date format with
SELECT Strftime("%m/%d/%Y",startDate) As StartDate ...
If you use seconds since 1970 its somewhat easier because the seconds just compare without needing the convert them to dates, although you still might want to output in US date format, so ...
SELECT Strftime("%m/%d/%Y",startDate) As StartDate ... FROM Table WHERE inputDate BETWEEN startDate and EndDate;
sqlite> select *from tbl_node where mydate between '2014-02-02' and '2014-02-06';
it show the output :-
1|1|123|456|12eb-ab|1|1|254|123|19|2014-02-03 16:00:44
2|1|123|456|12eb-ab|1|1|254|123|19|2014-02-03 16:01:03
3|1|123|456|12eb-ab|1|1|254|123|19|2014-02-03 16:00:57
4|1|123|456|12eb-ab|1|1|254|123|19|2014-02-03 16:00:34
Here mydate is column name in tbl_node;
we can also use from current time , using now.
sqlite> select *from tbl_node where mydate between '2014-02-02' and 'now';