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How to make a query with group_concat in sql server [duplicate]
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Closed 9 years ago.
I have a field names DAILYREPORT.WEATHERCONDITION which can hold values as '1,2,3' or '1' or '2,4' based on what the user selects from the list of weather check boxes available to him. The weather table contains the list of weathers which he selects
Weather Table
ID Condition
----------
1 Sunny
2 Cloudy
3 Fine
4 Windy
Now i need a query which returns the conditions as 'Sunny,Cloudy,Fine' when DAILYREPORT.WEATHERCONDION=1,2,3
Try this :
SELECT STUFF
(
(select ',' + Condition
from
Weather
where
ID in (1,2,3)
FOR XML PATH('')
),1,1,''
)
DECLARE #list VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #list = COALESCE(#list+',' ,'') + Condition
FROM Weather
WHERE ID IN (1,2,3)
SELECT #list
You declare a #list variable of varchar type. Then using the COALESCE expression (please look here http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190349.aspx for further details on how it works) you get what you want.
That's a SQL fiddle that show that the above works as it is expected
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!6/65df2/1
Note : In order to avoid any misconception, I don't say that the COALESCE solves the stated problem.
It is is only there to deal with initializing the string and the issue
of a extra comma at the end.
as Mikael wrote below.
mine is same as krishna,
Declare #Weather Table (ID int, Condition varchar(50))
insert into #Weather values(1,'Sunny'),(2,'Cloudy'),(3,'Fine'),(4,'Windy')
select top 1
stuff((select ','+Condition from #Weather b where id in(1,2,3) for xml path('')),1,1,'')Condition
from #Weather
Try this i hope it is useful to Your
select SUBSTRING(
(select ','+ s.condition from DAILYREPORT s where id in (1,2,3) order by condition for xml path('')),2,200000) as CSV
Related
Suppose I have a row of data, store such as the following:
------------------------
| Col 1 | Col 2 | Col 3 |
|------------------------|
| Foo | Bar | Foobar |
How might I concatinate this into a single string, such as the below?
Foo-Bar-Foobar
The column headings (and number of column headings) in this table will not be known, so selecting by column name is not an option(?).
Please note that I am not trying to concatinate a list of values in a column, I am trying to concatinate the values stores in one single row. I would also prefer to avoid using pivots, as I will be working with large sets of data and do not want to take the hit to performance.
In such cases I really adore the mighty abilities of XML in dealing with generic sets:
SELECT STUFF(b.query('
for $element in ./*
return
<x>;{$element/text()}</x>
').value('.','nvarchar(max)'),1,1,'')
FROM
(
SELECT TOP 3 * FROM sys.objects o FOR XML PATH('row'),ELEMENTS XSINIL,TYPE
) A(a)
CROSS APPLY a.nodes('/row') B(b);
The result
sysrscols;3;4;0;S ;SYSTEM_TABLE;2017-08-22T19:38:02.860;2017-08-22T19:38:02.867;1;0;0
sysrowsets;5;4;0;S ;SYSTEM_TABLE;2009-04-13T12:59:05.513;2017-08-22T19:38:03.197;1;0;0
sysclones;6;4;0;S ;SYSTEM_TABLE;2017-08-22T19:38:03.113;2017-08-22T19:38:03.120;1;0;0
Remarks
Some things to mention
I use the ; as delimiter, as the - might break with values containing hyphens (e.g. DATE)
I use TOP 3 from sys.objects to create an easy-cheesy-stand-alone sample
Thx to Zohard Peled I added ELEMENTS XSINIL to force the engine not to omit NULL values.
UPDATE Create JSON in pre-2016 versions
You can try this to create a JSON-string in versions before 2016
SELECT '{'
+ STUFF(b.query('
for $element in ./*
return
<x>,"{local-name($element)}":"{$element/text()}"</x>
').value('.','nvarchar(max)'),1,1,'')
+ '}'
FROM
(
SELECT TOP 3 * FROM sys.objects o FOR XML PATH('row'),TYPE
) A(a)
CROSS APPLY a.nodes('/row') B(b);
The result
{"name":"sysrscols","object_id":"3","schema_id":"4","parent_object_id":"0","type":"S ","type_desc":"SYSTEM_TABLE","create_date":"2017-08-22T19:38:02.860","modify_date":"2017-08-22T19:38:02.867","is_ms_shipped":"1","is_published":"0","is_schema_published":"0"}
{"name":"sysrowsets","object_id":"5","schema_id":"4","parent_object_id":"0","type":"S ","type_desc":"SYSTEM_TABLE","create_date":"2009-04-13T12:59:05.513","modify_date":"2017-08-22T19:38:03.197","is_ms_shipped":"1","is_published":"0","is_schema_published":"0"}
{"name":"sysclones","object_id":"6","schema_id":"4","parent_object_id":"0","type":"S ","type_desc":"SYSTEM_TABLE","create_date":"2017-08-22T19:38:03.113","modify_date":"2017-08-22T19:38:03.120","is_ms_shipped":"1","is_published":"0","is_schema_published":"0"}
Hint
You might add ELEMENTS XSINIL to this query as well. This depends, if you'd like NULLs to simply miss, or if you want to include them as "SomeColumn":""
I use UnitE and this is what I would use to select the columns dynamically from the person table.
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS stores the column list for the table and the SELECT statement is built around that.
Declare #Columns NVARCHAR(MAX)
Declare #Table varchar(15) = 'capd_person'
SELECT #Columns=COALESCE(#Columns + ',', '') + COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE (TABLE_NAME=#Table )
EXEC('SELECT DISTINCT ' + #Columns + ' FROM ' + #Table)
You would need to change the EXEC command to suit your needs, using CONCAT as described before.
Simply do a SELECT CONCAT(col1,col2,col3) FROM table
However if you wish to make it neat
Use:
SELECT CONCAT(col1,'-',col2,'-',col3) FROM table.
Find more help here.
An improved version of JonTout's answer:
Declare #Columns NVARCHAR(MAX)
Declare #Table varchar(15) = 'TableName'
SELECT #Columns=COALESCE(#Columns + '+', '') +'CONVERT(varchar(max),ISNULL('+ COLUMN_NAME+',''''))+''-'''
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE (TABLE_NAME=#Table )
EXEC('SELECT ' + #Columns + ' FROM ' + #Table)
I have a list of values such as
1,2,3,4...
that will be passed into my SQL query.
I need to have these values stored in a table variable. So essentially I need something like this:
declare #t (num int)
insert into #t values (1),(2),(3),(4)...
Is it possible to do that formatting in SQL Server? (turning 1,2,3,4... into (1),(2),(3),(4)...
Note: I can not change what those values look like before they get to my SQL script; I'm stuck with that list. also it may not always be 4 values; it could 1 or more.
Edit to show what values look like: under normal circumstances, this is how it would work:
select t.pk
from a_table t
where t.pk in (#place_holder#)
#placeholder# is just a literal place holder. when some one would run the report, #placeholder# is replaced with the literal values from the filter of that report:
select t.pk
from a_table t
where t.pk in (1,2,3,4) -- or whatever the user selects
t.pk is an int
note: doing
declare #t as table (
num int
)
insert into #t values (#Placeholder#)
does not work.
Your description is a bit ridicuolus, but you might give this a try:
Whatever you mean with this
I see what your trying to say; but if I type out '#placeholder#' in the script, I'll end up with '1','2','3','4' and not '1,2,3,4'
I assume this is a string with numbers, each number between single qoutes, separated with a comma:
DECLARE #passedIn VARCHAR(100)='''1'',''2'',''3'',''4'',''5'',''6'',''7''';
SELECT #passedIn; -->: '1','2','3','4','5','6','7'
Now the variable #passedIn holds exactly what you are talking about
I'll use a dynamic SQL-Statement to insert this in a temp-table (declared table variable would not work here...)
CREATE TABLE #tmpTable(ID INT);
DECLARE #cmd VARCHAR(MAX)=
'INSERT INTO #tmpTable(ID) VALUES (' + REPLACE(SUBSTRING(#passedIn,2,LEN(#passedIn)-2),''',''','),(') + ');';
EXEC (#cmd);
SELECT * FROM #tmpTable;
GO
DROP TABLE #tmpTable;
UPDATE 1: no dynamic SQL necessary, all ad-hoc...
You can get the list of numbers as derived table in a CTE easily.
This can be used in a following statement like WHERE SomeID IN(SELECT ID FROM MyIDs) (similar to this: dynamic IN section )
WITH MyIDs(ID) AS
(
SELECT A.B.value('.','int') AS ID
FROM
(
SELECT CAST('<x>' + REPLACE(SUBSTRING(#passedIn,2,LEN(#passedIn)-2),''',''','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML) AS AsXml
) as tbl
CROSS APPLY tbl.AsXml.nodes('/x') AS A(B)
)
SELECT * FROM MyIDs
UPDATE 2:
And to answer your question exactly:
With this following the CTE
insert into #t(num)
SELECT ID FROM MyIDs
... you would actually get your declared table variable filled - if you need it later...
i need to collect all return data into a variable using comma separated.
let say i have a select command like: select * from #temptable.
it's return:
Field1|Field2
-------------
Value1|Value2
Expected Result: #testvariable hold the value: 'Value1','Value2'
On this table their may have 2 columns and i need to store all the return result into a single variable. We can easily collect a single value like: select #var=column1 from #temptable. But i need to store all.Here the problem is, the number of column can be vary. Mean, number of column and name of column generate from another query.So, i can't mention the field name.I need a dynamic way to do it. on this table only one row will be return. Thanks in advance.
You can do this without dynamic SQL using XML
DECLARE #xml XML = (SELECT * FROM #temptable FOR XML PATH(''))
SELECT stuff((SELECT ',' + node.value('.', 'varchar(100)')
FROM #xml.nodes('/*') AS T(node)
FOR XML PATH(''), type).value('.','varchar(max)')
, 1, 1, '');
This can probably be simplified by someone more adept at XML querying than me.
Since your column names are dynamic, so first you have to take the column names as comma separated in a variable and then can use EXEC()
for example :-
//making comma seperated column names from table B
DECLARE #var varchar(1000)=SELECT SUBSTRING(
(SELECT ',' + Colnames
FROM TABLEB
ORDER BY Colnames
FOR XML PATH('')),2,200000)
//Execute the sql statement
EXEC('select '+#var+' from tableA')
if you want to get the value returned after execution of sql statement then you can use
sp_executesql (Transact-SQL)
I would really like some advice here, to give some background info I am working with inserting Message Tracking logs from Exchange 2007 into SQL. As we have millions upon millions of rows per day I am using a Bulk Insert statement to insert the data into a SQL table.
In fact I actually Bulk Insert into a temp table and then from there I MERGE the data into the live table, this is for test parsing issues as certain fields otherwise have quotes and such around the values.
This works well, with the exception of the fact that the recipient-address column is a delimited field seperated by a ; character, and it can be incredibly long sometimes as there can be many email recipients.
I would like to take this column, and split the values into multiple rows which would then be inserted into another table. Problem is anything I am trying is either taking too long or not working the way I want.
Take this example data:
message-id recipient-address
2D5E558D4B5A3D4F962DA5051EE364BE06CF37A3A5#Server.com user1#domain1.com
E52F650C53A275488552FFD49F98E9A6BEA1262E#Server.com user2#domain2.com
4fd70c47.4d600e0a.0a7b.ffff87e1#Server.com user3#domain3.com;user4#domain4.com;user5#domain5.com
I would like this to be formatted as followed in my Recipients table:
message-id recipient-address
2D5E558D4B5A3D4F962DA5051EE364BE06CF37A3A5#Server.com user1#domain1.com
E52F650C53A275488552FFD49F98E9A6BEA1262E#Server.com user2#domain2.com
4fd70c47.4d600e0a.0a7b.ffff87e1#Server.com user3#domain3.com
4fd70c47.4d600e0a.0a7b.ffff87e1#Server.com user4#domain4.com
4fd70c47.4d600e0a.0a7b.ffff87e1#Server.com user5#domain5.com
Does anyone have any ideas about how I can go about doing this?
I know PowerShell pretty well, so I tried in that, but a foreach loop even on 28K records took forever to process, I need something that will run as quickly/efficiently as possible.
Thanks!
If you are on SQL Server 2016+
You can use the new STRING_SPLIT function, which I've blogged about here, and Brent Ozar has blogged about here.
SELECT s.[message-id], f.value
FROM dbo.SourceData AS s
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(s.[recipient-address], ';') as f;
If you are still on a version prior to SQL Server 2016
Create a split function. This is just one of many examples out there:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitStrings
(
#List NVARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter NVARCHAR(255)
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN (SELECT Number = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Number),
Item FROM (SELECT Number, Item = LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(#List, Number,
CHARINDEX(#Delimiter, #List + #Delimiter, Number) - Number)))
FROM (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY s1.[object_id])
FROM sys.all_objects AS s1 CROSS APPLY sys.all_objects) AS n(Number)
WHERE Number <= CONVERT(INT, LEN(#List))
AND SUBSTRING(#Delimiter + #List, Number, 1) = #Delimiter
) AS y);
GO
I've discussed a few others here, here, and a better approach than splitting in the first place here.
Now you can extrapolate simply by:
SELECT s.[message-id], f.Item
FROM dbo.SourceData AS s
CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStrings(s.[recipient-address], ';') as f;
Also I suggest not putting dashes in column names. It means you always have to put them in [square brackets].
SQL Server 2016 include a new table function string_split(), similar to the previous solution.
The only requirement is Set compatibility level to 130 (SQL Server 2016)
You may use CROSS APPLY (available in SQL Server 2005 and above) and STRING_SPLIT function (available in SQL Server 2016 and above):
DECLARE #delimiter nvarchar(255) = ';';
-- create tables
CREATE TABLE MessageRecipients (MessageId int, Recipients nvarchar(max));
CREATE TABLE MessageRecipient (MessageId int, Recipient nvarchar(max));
-- insert data
INSERT INTO MessageRecipients VALUES (1, 'user1#domain.com; user2#domain.com; user3#domain.com');
INSERT INTO MessageRecipients VALUES (2, 'user#domain1.com; user#domain2.com');
-- insert into MessageRecipient
INSERT INTO MessageRecipient
SELECT MessageId, ltrim(rtrim(value))
FROM MessageRecipients
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(Recipients, #delimiter)
-- output results
SELECT * FROM MessageRecipients;
SELECT * FROM MessageRecipient;
-- delete tables
DROP TABLE MessageRecipients;
DROP TABLE MessageRecipient;
Results:
MessageId Recipients
----------- ----------------------------------------------------
1 user1#domain.com; user2#domain.com; user3#domain.com
2 user#domain1.com; user#domain2.com
and
MessageId Recipient
----------- ----------------
1 user1#domain.com
1 user2#domain.com
1 user3#domain.com
2 user#domain1.com
2 user#domain2.com
for table = "yelp_business", split the column categories values separated by ; into rows and display as category column.
SELECT unnest(string_to_array(categories, ';')) AS category
FROM yelp_business;
I have a row of strings that are in the following format:
'Order was assigned to lastname,firsname'
I need to cut this string down into just the last and first name but it is always a different name for each record.
The 'Order was assigned to' part is always the same.......
Thanks
I am using SQL Server. It is multiple records with different names in each record.
In your specific case you can use something like:
SELECT SUBSTRING(str, 23) FROM table
However, this is not very scalable, should the format of your strings ever change.
If you are using an Oracle database, you would want to use SUBSTR instead.
Edit:
For databases where the third parameter is not optional, you could use SUBSTRING(str, 23, LEN(str))
Somebody would have to test to see if this is better or worse than subtraction, as in Martin Smith's solution but gives you the same result in the end.
In addition to the SUBSTRING methods, you could also use a REPLACE function. I don't know which would have better performance over millions of rows, although I suspect that it would be the SUBSTRING - especially if you were working with CHAR instead of VARCHAR.
SELECT REPLACE(my_column, 'Order was assigned to ', '')
For SQL Server
WITH testData AS
(
SELECT 'Order was assigned to lastname,firsname' as Col1 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Order was assigned to Bloggs, Jo' as Col1
)
SELECT SUBSTRING(Col1,23,LEN(Col1)-22) AS Name
from testData
Returns
Name
---------------------------------------
lastname,firsname
Bloggs, Jo
on MS SQL Server:
declare #str varchar(100) = 'Order was assigned to lastname,firsname'
declare #strLen1 int = DATALENGTH('Order was assigned to ')
declare #strLen2 int = len(#str)
select #strlen1, #strLen2, substring(#str,#strLen1,#strLen2),
RIGHT(#str, #strlen2-#strlen1)
I would require that a colon or some other delimiter be between the message and the name.
Then you could just search for the index of that character and know that anything after it was the data you need...
Example with format changing over time:
CREATE TABLE #Temp (OrderInfo NVARCHAR(MAX))
INSERT INTO #Temp VALUES ('Order was assigned to :Smith,Mary')
INSERT INTO #Temp VALUES ('Order was assigned to :Holmes,Larry')
INSERT INTO #Temp VALUES ('New Format over time :LootAt,Me')
SELECT SUBSTRING(OrderInfo, CHARINDEX(':',OrderInfo)+1, LEN(OrderInfo))
FROM #Temp
DROP TABLE #Temp