Cleaning up and simplifying a nested SQL statement - sql

I'm trying to determine if there is a better way to do this in SQL. My goal is to run one query which returns two values that are to be used for another query. See below
select *
from table2
where col1 =
( select col1
from table1
where id = 123 )
and col2 =
( select col2
from table1
where id = 123 );
Is there a way to simplify this code by either doing a where clause that checks both values against one nested query, or by running the first querying and somehow setting the values of col1 and col2 to variables that I can use in the second query?

You can do
select *
from table2
where (col1, col2) = (select col1, col2
from table1
where id = 123)

SELECT DISTINCT a.*
FROM table2 a
INNER JOIN table1 b
ON a.col1 = b.col1
AND a.col2 = b.col2
WHERE b.id = 123

you can simply use query as below
select t2.* from table2 t2,table1 t1 where t1.col1=t2.col1 and
t1.col2=t2.col2 and t1.id=123

Seems like you've got it backwards. Since you know exactly what you want from table1 (so, presumably, the query is smaller), you should start by getting the data from table1, then join the releveant rows from table2:
select table2.*
from table1
inner join table2
on table2.col1 = table1.col1
and table2.col2 = table1.col2
where table1.id = 123

Related

Differences between two tables

Data is like so, (table1 links up to table2) on table1.col2 = table2.col2
Based on that criteria,
Employee 5 below assigned to Area 1 in first table, however in second table that employee is not assigned to Area 1, so the result that would return would only be the first record of the first table (emp5, a1)
Example below
Table1
Col1 Col2
-------------
emp5 A1
emp6 A1
emp5 A2
Table2
Col1 Col2
--------------
emp7 A1
emp6 A1
emp5 A2
You can use MINUS, it is more intuitive. The syntax can be different in SQL Server, MySQL or Oracle, like you can see http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2008/08/07/sql-server-except-clause-in-sql-server-is-similar-to-minus-clause-in-oracle/
But I like MINUS, for instance
select
t1.Col1,
t1.Col2
from table1 t1
MINUS
select
t2.Col1,
t2.Col2
from table2 t2
This way, you can think like sets (math)!
This is tricky. You need employees who are in both tables. Then you need to check that col2 is different on one of the rows.
The following does this comparison using union all:
select col1, col2, max(which)
from ((select col1, col2, 1 as which
from table1 t1
where exists (select 1 from table2 t2 where t2.col1 = t1.col1)
) union all
(select col1, col2, 2 as which
from table2 t2
where exists (select 1 from table1 t1 where t2.col1 = t1.col1)
)
) tt
group by col1, col2
having count(*) = 1
This will also tell you which table has the extra row.
select table1.*
from table1
left join table2
on table1.col1 = table2.col1
and table1.col2 = table2.col2
where table2.col1 is null
if you only want those from table 1 that are also assigned to another project then
select distinct table1.*
from table1
join table2 as t2not
on t2not.col1 = table1.col1
and t2not.col2 <> table1.col2
left join table2
on table1.col1 = table2.col1
and table1.col2 = table2.col2
where table2.col1 is null

Find unmatched records using inner join without using WHERE clause

I have a tables Table1 and Table2 like this:
Table1
Col1
====
A
B
Table2
Col1
====
A
B
C
D
Now using an INNER JOIN I need to find unmatched records from Table2
(Note: WHERE clause is NOT ALLOWED)
Expected output:
Col1
====
C
D
What can be the SQL Query for this?
I have already tried following its not working.
Select Distinct
Table2.col1
from
Table1
Inner Join
Table2 On Table1.col1 <> Table2.col1
Jumped the gun the first time - should have read properly, sorry. Had to think about this one:
SELECT Table2.col1
FROM Table1 RIGHT JOIN Table2
ON Table1.col1 = Table2.col1
GROUP BY Table1.col1, Table2.col1
HAVING Table1.col1 IS NULL;
You can use the following query
SELECT * FROM Table2
WHERE Col1 NOT IN
(SELECT Col1 FROM Table1)
The following query also works
SELECT Col1 FROM Table2
EXCEPT
SELECT Col1 FROM Table1
nobody said it had to be sensible did they?
with
t1 as (
select col1 as c1
, row_number() over (order by col1 ASC) as rn1
from table1
),
t2 as (
select col1 as c2
, row_number() over (order by col1 DESC) as rn2
from table2
)
select
c2 as Col1
from t2
inner join t1 on t2.rn2 = t1.rn1 and t2.c2 <> t1.c1
order by c2 ASC
;
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!15/4747e/1 (postgres 9.3.1)

copy a table into a new table and add a new column on SQL server 2008

I need to copy a table into a new table on SQL server 2008.
Also, add a new column into the new table.
The values of the new column depends on the compare result between the new table and another table.
Example,
Table1:
col1 col2 col3
abc 346 6546
hth 549 974
Expected Table1_new:
col1 col2 col3 col4
abc 346 6546 1
hth 549 974 0
Table2:
col1
abc
sfsdf
If Table2's col1 appear in Table1 col1, mark col4 as 1 in Table1_new, else mark as 0.
The code does not work
SELECT *,
(
SELECT 1 as col4
FROM Table2 as a
INNER JOIN Table1 as b
on b.col1 = a.col1
SELECT 0 as col4
FROM Table2 as a
INNER JOIN Table1 as b
on b.col1 <> a.col1 # I do not know how to do this !!!
)
INTO table1_new
FROM table1
Any help would be appreciated.
You could use an outer join:
SELECT table1.col1, col2, col3,
CASE WHEN table2.col1 IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS col4
INTO table1_new
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col1
You can do this in several ways. The following uses an exists clause in a case statement:
insert into table1_new(col1, col2, col3, col4)
select col1, col2, col3,
(case when exists (select 1 from table2 t2 where t2.col1 = t1.col1)
then 1 else 0
end)
from table1 t1;
You can also do this with a left outer join, but you run the risk of duplicates if t2 has duplicates.
INSERT INTO T2
SELECT COL1,COL2,COL3, (COL1+COL2) FROM T1
Note that instead of the (COL1+COL2) section you could run other expressions or possibly even a function.
Try something like this using CASE
SELECT
CASE
WHEN b.col1 = a.col1 THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as col4
FROM Table1 as a
LEFT JOIN Table2 as b
on b.col1 = a.col1
EDIT: Table1 should be the left table as mentioned in #Muerniks answer.
In addition to what the others already suggested: If you can't solve the problem in one step, try to make smaller steps. E.g. first initialize Table1.col4 with zero:
INSERT INTO Table1_new (col1,col2,col3,col4)
SELECT col1,col2,col3,0
FROM Table1
After that you will only need to identify the records which have matching partners in Table2 which is a classical inner join:
UPDATE t1 SET col4=1
FROM Table1_new t1
JOIN Table2 t2 ON t2.col1=t1.col1

SQL: Update a column with multiple values with single query

I have an update query like following:
update table TABLE1 set COL1 = 'X' where COL2 = 'Y' ---1
Support the values 'X' and 'Y' are fetched from database now TABLE2. E.g.
select COL1, COL2 from TABLE2. ----2
I want to update table TABLE1 with values from TABLE2.
Just to make it more clear, assume that TABLE2 has following values:
Can you please help me in doing this in a single query!
I am using Oracle 11g.
For Oracle, this is the most basic way to do it:
update TABLE1
set COL1 = (select TABLE2.COL1 from TABLE2 where TABLE2.COL2 = TABLE1.COL2)
where COL2 IN (select TABLE2.COL2 from TABLE2);
This can be inefficient in some cases since it could execute a subquery for every row in TABLE1.
Depending on the declaration of primary key or unique constraints on both tables, you may be able to use the updateable inline-view method, which is probably more efficient:
update
(select TABLE1.COL1 as T1C1, TABLE1.COL2 as T1C2, TABLE2.COL1 as T2C1
from TABLE1 join TABLE2 on TABLE2.COL2 = TABLE1.COL2
)
set T1C1 = T2C1;
#Dave Costa's answer is correct, if you limit yourself to update statements. However, I've found that using a merge statement in these situations allows me to do this in a more straightforward manner:
merge into TABLE1
using TABLE2
on (TABLE2.COL2 = TABLE1.COL2)
when matched then
update set TABLE1.COL1 = TABLE2.COL1;
update TABLE1
set TABLE1.COL1 = TABLE2.COL1
from TABLE1
join TABLE2 on TABLE1.COL2 = TABLE2.COL2
(this would work on Sql Server)
for oracle:
UPDATE Table1 t1
SET (X,Y) = (SELECT X,Y from Table2 WHERE ...YourConditions...)
WHERE ... Another Conditions ...
for mysql, sql-server
UPDATE t1
SET t1.X = t2, t2.Y = t2.Y
FROM Table1 t1, Table2 t2
WHERE t1.Something = t2.Something

Update multiple columns in SQL with bound multi-part identifier

I'm trying to update multiple columns in a MS SQL statement using a sub-query. A search led me to something like:
UPDATE table1
SET col1 = a.col1, col2 = a.col2, col3 = a.col3 FROM
(SELECT col1, col2, col3 from table2 where <expression>) AS a
WHERE table1.col1 <expression>
Link
My problem is that in the inner WHERE expression I need a reference to a specific field in table1:
UPDATE table1
SET col1 = a.col1, col2 = a.col2, col3 = a.col3 FROM
(SELECT col1, col2, col3 from table2 where table1.col0 = table2.col0) AS a
WHERE table1.col1 <expression>
When I run that query I get "The multi-part identifier "table1.col0" could not be bound.
". Apparently when using that syntax SQL cannot bind the current table1 record in the subquery. Right now I am repeating the subquery for each field and using the syntax:
UPDATE table1
SET col1 = (subquery), col2 = (subquery)...
But that executes the subquery (which is very expensive) once per column, which I would like to avoid.
Any ideas?
in sql server, you can use a from clause in an update query. Join the tables as you would in a select. The table you are updating must be included in the joins.
update table_1
set field_1 = table_2.value_1
from table_1
inner join table_2
on (table_1.id = table_2.id)
Or if you dislike the join syntax this will also work:
UPDATE table1
SET col1 = a.col1, col2 = a.col2, col3 = a.col3
FROM table1, table2 as a
WHERE table1.col0 = a.col0
AND table1.col1 <expression>
Your car use CROSS APPLY command to update multiple columns from sub select
UPDATE t1
SET t1.col1 = a.col1, t1.col2 = a.col2, t1.col3 = a.col3
FROM table1 t1
CROSS APPLY
(SELECT col1, col2, col3 from table2 where table1.col0 = table2.col0) a(col1,col2,col3)