Deleting related rows from other tables without primary key - sql

I need to delete the associated rows from the "assign" table when a crew member is deleted.
However, when I create the tables, I get the error:
ERROR: there is no unique constraint matching given keys for referenced table "assign"
It seems as though I need distinct values in the "assign" table, but the whole point is that I want to delete all associated information when a crew member is removed. How can I do this?
create table flight(
flight_num BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
source_city varchar,
dest_city varchar,
dep_time int,
arr_time int,
airfare int,
mileage int
);
create table crew (
id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
name varchar,
salary int,
position varchar,
seniority int,
fly_hours int,
mgrid int,
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES assign(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
create table assign (
id int, # refers to a crew member id, not a row id
flight_num int
);

The foreign keys should be on the M-M join table, as so:
create table flight(
flight_num int PRIMARY KEY,
-- etc
);
create table crew (
crew_id int PRIMARY KEY,
-- etc
);
create table assign (
crew_id int,
flight_num int,
-- If the corresponding record in either of these FKs is deleted then
-- this record will be deleted.
FOREIGN KEY (crew_id) REFERENCES crew(crew_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY (flight_num) REFERENCES flight(flight_num) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-- M-M usually should have a PK over both foreign columns, arranged in order
-- of expected usage. A reverse covering index can be added if needed.
PRIMARY KEY (flight_num, crew_id)
);
In this case the FKs are allowed because they are over a unique columns (PKs of crew and flight). The original error is because there was no unique contraint on the FK target (assign.crew_id).

Related

Is it possible to reference a foreign key to parent table?

CREATE TABLE Product
(
"Product_id" int,
"Stock_quantity" int,
"Product_name" varchar(50),
"Model" varchar(50),
"Average_rating" float(3),
"RAM" int,
"Color" varchar(20),
"Price" float(10),
PRIMARY KEY ("Product_id")
);
CREATE TABLE Sale
(
"Sale_id" int,
"Sale_date" date,
"Employee_id" int,
"Customer_id" int,
"Product_id" int,
"Product_quantity" int,
"Rating" int,
PRIMARY KEY ("Sale_id"),
FOREIGN KEY("Employee_id") REFERENCES Employee("Employee_id") ,
FOREIGN KEY("Customer_id") REFERENCES Customer("Customer_id") ,
FOREIGN KEY("Product_id") REFERENCES Product("Product_id")
);
CREATE TABLE Computer
(
"Type" varchar(10),
"Processor" varchar(20),
"Monitor_size" int
) inherits(Product);
CREATE TABLE Mobile
(
"Os" varchar(30),
"Screen_size" int
) inherits(Product);
Here is my tables while insertion of sale rows I get this error.
ERROR: insert or update on table "sale" violates foreign key constraint "PK_Product_id"
SQL state: 23503
Detail: Key (Product_id)=(12) is not present in table "product".
It says there is no presence of the row, but I can see them when I view the table:
I inserted every product as computer or mobile not as product.
You are stumbling over one of the many quirks with inheritance: There are no “global” constraints on an inheritance hierarchy, consequently you cannot have a foreign key to a inheritance hierarchy.
The primary key you defined on product does not extend to computer.
Even though a SELECT on product will append the results for the inheritance children as well, these are not part of the table parent and consequently cannot be used as target for the foreign key. The foreign key is between sale and product only, the inheritance children are excluded.
There is no proper way to do this with inheritance.
It is better for computer not to be an inheritance child of product, but to have a foreign key to product (with a unique constraint on it), so that the data for a computer object will be split between the two tables. This is somewhat inconvenient for queries, but you can have a foreign key that way.
Here is an example:
CREATE TABLE product (
product_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
prodname text NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE computer (
product_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
processor text NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES product(product_id)
);
CREATE TABLE sale (
sale_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
product_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES product(product_id)
);
Now there is no direct foreign key reference from sale to computer, but since the product_id of computer and product is identical, you can always find the unique computer for a sale if it exists:
SELECT p.prodname, c.processor
FROM sale s
JOIN product p USING (product_id)
LEFT JOIN computer c USING (product_id)
WHERE sale_id = 42;
If you have more product “subtypes”, you can add more left joins.

Foreign key in the first table

I have a question about foreign keys.
How does it work when I want to add a foreign key to the first table that I make that references to the primary key of the second table I create?
CREATE TABLE table1
(
name_id INT NOT NULL,
team TEXT REFERENCES table2(team_id),
PRIMARY KEY(name_id)
);
CREATE TABLE table2
(
team_id INT NOT NULL,
teamname TEXT,
PRIMARY KEY(team_id)
);
If I try the code above I get the following error:
ERROR: relation "" does not exist
Thanks in advance.
Either create the second table first. Or use alter table. That is, create the first table without the reference and then do:
alter table table1 add constraint fk_table1_team
foreign key (team_id) REFERENCES table2(team_id);
The declaration for table1 would be:
CREATE TABLE table1 (
name_id INT NOT NULL,
team_id INT,
PRIMARY KEY(name_id)
);
The reference between the tables should be on the primary key and certainly not on a character column, if an integer is available.
here's the syntax of creating a table with Foreign key:
CREATE TABLE table11
(
name_id INT NOT NULL,
team INT,
PRIMARY KEY(name_id),
foreign key(team) references table22(team_id)
);
CREATE TABLE table22
(
team_id INT NOT NULL,
teamname TEXT,
PRIMARY KEY(team_id)
);
but there was another problem. a foreign key from a child table cannot reference to a primary key from a parent folder if they do not contain the same type. in your code team was of TEXT and team_id was of INT which cannot be.

column "parent_id" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist when creating SQL table

I am new in SQL and trying to understand Foreign key syntax. I know this was asked in multiple questions but each question I found did not seem to teach me what I am doing wrong here.
This is my SQL code:
CREATE TABLE Customer
(
id int primary key,
name varchar(30),
age int,
gender bool
);
CREATE TABLE Minor
(
FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES Customer(id)
);
CREATE TABLE Adult
(
FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES Customer(id)
);
CREATE TABLE Shop
(
id int primary key
);
CREATE TABLE Drink
(
name varchar(30) primary key
);
CREATE TABLE AlcoholicDrink
(
FOREIGN KEY (name) REFERENCES Drink(name)
);
CREATE TABLE NonAlcoholicDrink
(
FOREIGN KEY (name) REFERENCES Drink(name)
);
And this is the error I am getting:
ERROR: column "parent_id" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist
SQL state: 42703
You need to add fields in your tables to make the reference. Something like this :
CREATE TABLE Customer
(
id int primary key,
name varchar(30),
age int,
gender bool
);
CREATE TABLE Minor
(
minor_id serial primary key,
parent_id int,
other_fields text etc.
FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES Customer(id)
);
This is simply the reason why it's not working.
Like this
CREATE TABLE Customer
(
id int primary key,
name varchar(30),
age int,
gender bool
);
CREATE TABLE Minor
(
parent_id int ,
FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES Customer(id)
);
To add an answer without just a code snippet:
You've got the right idea with FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES Customer(id). This bit adds a constraint or a "rule" to your table. This constraint ensures that parent_id holds a real id in your Customer table.
The error message told us that column "parent_id" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist. The confusion comes, understandably, from mistaking the constraint declaration for a column declaration.
As others have pointed out, we need to both 10 declare the foreign key constraint and 2) declare the column.
CREATE TABLE Customer
(
id int primary key,
name varchar(30),
age int,
gender bool
);
CREATE TABLE Minor
(
parent_id int, -- Declare the column
FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES Customer(id) -- Declare the constraint
);

Foreign key on a Foreign key - SQL Server

I'm creating a database for a project in which I need to declare a foreign key on another foreign key for the sake of a checking constraint.
I have a Person table and a Groups table, both of these contain a DepartmentID. Whenever I insert a new task in the Task table, I want to check that the Groups.DepartmentID matches the Person.DepartmentID.
The idea is that a task is linked to a person and has 2 types, a grouptype which defines if its database work, financial work etc and a tasktype which defines if its maintenance, training etc. When a person tries to add a task with a groupType that is not for his/her department it should fail.
I tried adding these attributes to the Task table as a foreign key, however declaring a foreign key on a non-unique or non-primary key isn't accepted in Microsoft SQL Server (the DepartmentID in the Person and Group tables cannot be unique!).
Anyone knows how to fix this?
CREATE TABLE Department
(
ID int PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
Name varchar(50),
UNIQUE ("Name")
)
CREATE TABLE Groups
(
ID int IDENTITY,
GroupType varchar(50) PRIMARY KEY,
Description varchar(255) DEFAULT ('-'),
DepartmentID int
FOREIGN KEY (DepartmentID) REFERENCES Department(ID),
)
CREATE TABLE Person
(
ID int PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
Name varchar(50),
DepartmentID int
FOREIGN KEY (DepartmentID) REFERENCES Department(ID)
)
CREATE TABLE TaskType
(
ID int IDENTITY,
TaskType varchar(50) PRIMARY KEY,
Description varchar(255) DEFAULT ('-'),
)
CREATE TABLE Task
(
ID int IDENTITY,
TimeFrame decimal(4,2),
Yearcount int,
GroupType varchar(50),
TaskType varchar(50),
WeekNr int,
ExceptionDetail varchar(255) DEFAULT ('-'),
PersonID int
)
These are the FK attributes in the task table that are not accepted:
GDID int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Groups(DepartmentID),
PDID int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Person(DepartmentID),
CHECK (GDID = PDID),
UNIQUE ("TaskType", "GroupType", "WeekNr", "Yearcount"),
FOREIGN KEY (TaskType) REFERENCES TaskType(TaskType),
FOREIGN KEY (PersonID) REFERENCES Person(ID),
FOREIGN KEY (GroupType) REFERENCES Groups(GroupType)
Add wider "super keys" to these tables that include the primary key and additional columns1, then declare the foreign keys using them. Whether you also remove the superfluous smaller foreign keys is a matter of taste:
CREATE TABLE Groups(
ID int IDENTITY,
GroupType varchar(50) PRIMARY KEY,
Description varchar(255) DEFAULT ('-'),
DepartmentID int FOREIGN KEY (DepartmentID) REFERENCES Department(ID),
constraint Group_Dep_XRef UNIQUE (GroupType,DepartmentID)
)
CREATE TABLE Person(
ID int PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
Name varchar(50),
DepartmentID int FOREIGN KEY (DepartmentID) REFERENCES Department(ID),
constraint Person_Dept_XRef UNIQUE (ID,DepartmentID)
)
CREATE TABLE Task(
ID int IDENTITY,
TimeFrame decimal(4,2),
Yearcount int,
GroupType varchar(50),
TaskType varchar(50),
WeekNr int,
ExceptionDetail varchar(255) DEFAULT ('-'),
PersonID int,
DepartmentID int,
constraint FK_Group_Dept_XRef FOREIGN KEY (GroupType,DepartmentID)
references Group (GroupType,DepartmentID),
constraint FK_Person_Dept_XRef FOREIGN KEY (PersonID,DepartmentID)
references Person (ID,DepartmentID),
UNIQUE ("TaskType", "GroupType", "WeekNr", "Yearcount"),
FOREIGN KEY (TaskType) REFERENCES TaskType(TaskType),
FOREIGN KEY (PersonID) REFERENCES Person(ID), --Redundant now
FOREIGN KEY (GroupType) REFERENCES Groups(GroupType) --Also redundant
)
(I also consolidated GDID and PDID into DepartmentID - if they're always meant to be equal, why store that twice and then have to have another constraint to assert their equality?)
1If a primary key (or unique key) is sufficient to uniquely identify each row then any wider key which includes the key columns and additional columns must also be sufficient to uniquely identify each row.

Not able to create foreign key "There are no primary or candidate keys in the referenced table"

This is my table 1:
CREATE TABLE PurchasedProducts
(
Purchase_Order_No int,
Purchase_Product_ID int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Inventory(In_Product_ID),
Purchase_Quantity int NOT NULL,
Purchase_Status varchar(7) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(Purchase_Order_No, Purchase_Product_ID)
);
This my table 2:
CREATE TABLE PurchasedDate
(
PD_PO_No int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES PurchasedProducts(Purchase_Order_No),
PD_Date date NOT NULL
);
I executed the first table successfully, but when I execute the second table It is showing this error message:
There are no primary or candidate keys in the referenced table 'PurchasedProducts' that match the referencing column list in the foreign key 'FK__Purchased__PD_PO__0B5CAFEA'.
I don't what is the problem is. Please help me!
The primary key in your PurchasedProducts table is made up of two columns:
PRIMARY KEY(Purchase_Order_No, Purchase_Product_ID)
So any child table that wants to reference that also must have these exact two columns:
CREATE TABLE PurchasedDate
(
PD_PO_No int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
Purchase_Product_ID INT NOT NULL,
PD_Date date NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE dbo.PurchasedDate
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_PurchaseDate_PurchasedProducts
FOREIGN KEY(PD_PO_No, Purchase_Product_ID)
REFERENCES PurchasedProducts(Purchase_Order_No, Purchase_Product_ID)
A foreign key can only reference the whole primary key of a parent table - you cannot reference only one column out of 2 from the parent table's PK.