TSQL OVER (PARTITION BY ... ) - sql

Question

For my next trick, I would like to select only the most recent event for each client. Instead of four events for 000017 I want one.
OK c_id e_date e_ser e_att e_recip Age c_cm e_staff rn
--> 000017 2013-04-02 00:00:00.000 122 1 1 36 90510 90510 15
--> 000017 2013-02-26 00:00:00.000 122 1 1 36 90510 90510 20
--> 000017 2013-02-12 00:00:00.000 122 1 1 36 90510 90510 24
--> 000017 2013-01-29 00:00:00.000 122 1 1 36 90510 90510 27
--> 000188 2012-11-02 00:00:00.000 160 1 1 31 1289 1289 44
--> 001713 2013-10-01 00:00:00.000 142 1 1 26 2539 2539 1
--> 002531 2013-07-12 00:00:00.000 190 1 1 61 1689 1689 21
--> 002531 2013-06-14 00:00:00.000 190 1 1 61 1689 1689 30
--> 002531 2013-06-07 00:00:00.000 190 1 1 61 1689 1689 31
--> 002531 2013-05-28 00:00:00.000 122 1 1 61 1689 1689 33
Here is the query that got me to this stage (perhaps you have some suggestions to improve this as well, the extra nested query creating t2 table is probably excessive.) Thank you all!!!
SELECT TOP(10)*
FROM (
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT (SELECT CASE WHEN
(e_att IN (1,2)
AND e_date > DATEADD(month, -12, getdate())
AND e_ser NOT IN (100,115)
AND e_recip NOT IN ('2','7')
AND (( (e_recip = '3') AND (DATEDIFF(Year, c_bd, GetDate())>10) ) OR (e_recip <> '3') )
AND c_cm = e_staff)
THEN '-->'
WHEN 1=1 THEN ''
END
) AS 'OK'
,c_id, e_date, e_ser, e_att, e_recip, DATEDIFF(Year, c_bd, GetDate()) AS 'Age', c_cm, e_staff
,row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY e_date DESC) rn
FROM events INNER JOIN client ON e_case_no = c_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN doc ON doc.doc_dbid = client.c_id
WHERE client.c_id IN ( /* confidential query */ )
AND e_date > DATEADD(month, -12, getdate())
AND e_ser BETWEEN 11 AND 1000
GROUP BY c_id, e_date, e_ser, e_att, e_recip, c_bd, c_cm, e_staff
) t1
) t2
WHERE OK = '-->'
ORDER BY c_id, e_date DESC

Answer 1

It looks like the following produces the row number, sorted by date, per client:
,row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY e_date DESC) rn
So adding where rn=1 should yield the most recent event per client:
) t1
WHERE rn = 1
) t2

Answer 2

Here is some improvements to your original query:
SELECT TOP(10) *
FROM (
SELECT '-->' AS 'OK' -- always this see where.
,c_id, e_date, e_ser, e_att, e_recip, DATEDIFF(Year, c_bd, GetDate()) AS 'Age', c_cm, e_staff
,row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY e_date DESC) rn
FROM events INNER JOIN client ON e_case_no = c_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN doc ON doc.doc_dbid = client.c_id
WHERE client.c_id IN ( /* confidential query */ )
-- this part was in case and then filtered for later, if we put it in where now more efficient
(e_att IN (1,2) AND e_date > DATEADD(month, -12, getdate())
AND e_ser NOT IN (100,115)
AND (( (e_recip = '3') AND DATEDIFF(Year, c_bd, GetDate()>10) ) OR e_recip NOT IN ('2', '3', '7') )
AND c_cm = e_staff)
AND e_date > DATEADD(month, -12, getdate())
AND e_ser BETWEEN 11 AND 1000
GROUP BY c_id, e_date, e_ser, e_att, e_recip, c_bd, c_cm, e_staff
) t2
ORDER BY c_id, e_date DESC
Besides removing some un-needed parens, if you move the stuff from the CASE statement to a where you don't need to filter on it in the outer query and this makes it simpler.
Add in the row_number statement from McGarnagle's answer and you should get the results you want.