I am using ~/.ssh/config file to set my ssh options.
I want to specify different settings for scp and ssh to the same host. Is it possible to do it?
I went through the documentation, but couldn't a way to do it.
I'd make a second config file, ~/.ssh/scp_config, and then use a shell alias for scp with the -F option to specify the config file:
alias scp="scp -F ~/.ssh/scp_config`
(This is an untested zsh alias; I don't know how different Bash alias' are, but the idea should be similar. Note also that this may still require you to use scp -F <file> in scripts).
Related
My ~/.ssh/config file is interfering with ansible, I use a lot of abbreviations in there to make my life easier when logging onto servers.
for example in:
Host te*
HostName %h.example.com
User test
In my ansible hosts file I have:
[servers]
te1.exmaple.com
te2.example.com
which means when I run ansible, the connection will fail because it will use my ssh config file and try to connect to te1.example.com.example.com.
I know I could modify ansible hosts to just be te1 and let ssh config add the rest of the domain, but I know that other members of my team don't have their .ssh/config set up like me so this isn't really an option, and tbh is the easy route which will end up causing problems for others.
Is there a way in ansible to tell it not to use mine or anyone else .ssh/config file?
You can use the ANSIBLE_SSH_ARGS parameter in ansible.cfg for that. The required ssh parameter is -F configfile which has the following meaning:
-F configfile
Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file. If a
configuration file is given on the command line, the system-wide
configuration file (/etc/ssh/ssh_config) will be ignored. The default
for the per-user configuration file is ~/.ssh/config.
So your ANSIBLE_SSH_ARGS with the defaults in in ansible.cfg would then look like this:
ssh_args = -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -F /dev/null
ssh -F allows you to specify "an alternative per-user configuration file".
-F configfile
Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file. If a configuration file is given on the command line, the
system-wide configuration file (/etc/ssh/ssh_config) will be ignored. The default for the per-user configuration
file is ~/.ssh/config.
In Ansible you can configure it by ANSIBLE_SSH_ARGS.
For example in ansible.cfg you can set it to any file that fits your needs.
[ssh_connection]
ssh_args = -F ...
Or, you might want to create a separate user (let's say ansible-admin) set her ~/.ssh/config and use it to run ansible.
This is what worked for me in the end. I added this to my ansible.cgf file.
[all:vars] ansible_ssh_common_args = '-F /dev/null'
Thanks to all who answered :)
I have a Arduino Yun and want setup the server for Yun.
So what I want is to copy a folder that contain a py file and a index.html to my Yun
I used mac terminal to do this operation
the command looks like this
scp -r /Users/gudi/Desktop/LobsterHeartRate root#192.168.240.1:/mnt/sda1
and then terminal asked for the password
after I typed, it shows
scp: /mnt/sda1/LobsterHeartRate: Not a directory
I didn't type /mnt/sda1/LobsterHeartRate why it shows this error
Your code
scp -r /Users/gudi/Desktop/LobsterHeartRate root#192.168.240.1:/mnt/sda1
requires that the remote directory /mnt/sda1 exists. This looks like it is not true in your case. Check it using ssh root#192.168.240.1 ls /mnt/sda1.
scp is simple tool and it does not allow you to rename directories on the fly and the target directory must exists. You might try
scp -r /Users/gudi/Desktop/LobsterHeartRate root#192.168.240.1:/mnt/
ssh root#192.168.240.1 mv /mnt/LobsterHeartRate /mnt/sda1
or so, if it will suit your needs. But copying more files, rsync is usually more suitable. Check its manual page and give it a try next time.
As #Jens Höpken notes, your post is a bit sparse. But trying to read between the lines of your post I suspect that LobsterHeartRate is a DIRECTORY on your local system but a FILE named LobsterHeartRate in your target system. This might be happening right at the top of the directory tree, or perhaps you have directories/files of the same name further down the tree. scp -rv might help resolve any confusions here.
Beware: scp -r resolves symbolic links. If you want to preserve symlinks you need to do something else. For historic reasons I use the following, though cpio with a find front-end opens up interesting possibilities for fine-grained file selections.
( cd /Users/gudi/Desktop && tar -cf - LobsterHeartRate ) |
ssh root#192.168.240.1 'cd /mnt/sda1 && tar -xf -'
For a safe "dry run" you could change the -xf to a -tf. The && chains are required to prevent bad things from happening if any prior command fails.
Disclaimer: any debugging is left as an exercise for the student.
I usually ssh into my aws account then immediately change directory to my working directory.
I am now using an alias in my .zshrc file for the ssh command. However , ideally, I'd like to ssh in then change directories automatically with my alias command. Cant figure out the cd part on the remote server. My alias looks something like this now:
alias aws="ssh -i ~/.ssh/mykeypair.pem ubuntu#11.11.111.11"
I think the preferred way would be creating ~/.zshrc or ~/.bashrc file on your remote host or appending to the end just:
cd your/working/directory/
Just tested and works fine for me
Other way would be changing your alias to something like:
alias aws="ssh -tt -i ~/.ssh/mykeypair.pem ubuntu#11.11.111.11 'cd your/working/directory/; bash'"
Additionally you can change bash for zsh if you want to use zsh as your shell on remote host.
Whenever I try to SCP files (in bash), they end up in a seemingly random(?) order.
I've found a simple but not-very-elegant way of keeping a desired order, described below. Is there a clever way of doing it?
Edit: deleted my early solution from here, cleaned, adapted using other suggestions, and added as an answer below.
To send files from a local machine (e.g. your laptop) to a remote (e.g. your calculation server), you can use Merlin2011's clever solution:
Go into the folder in your local machine where you want to copy files from.
Execute the scp command, assuming you have an access key for the remote server:
scp -r $(ls -rt) user#foo.bar:/where/you/want/them/.
Note: if you don't have a public access key it may be better to do something similar using tar, then send the tar file, i.e. tar -zcvf files.tar.gz $(ls -rt), and then send that tar file on its own using scp.
But to do it the other way around you might not be able to run the scp command directly from the remote server to send files to, say, your laptop. Instead, you may need to, let's say bring files into your laptop. My brute-force solution is:
In the remote server, cd into the folder you want to copy files from.
Create a list of the files in the order you want. For example, for reverse order of creation (most recent copied last):
ls -rt > ../filenames.txt
Now you need to add the path to each file name. Before you go up to the directory where the list is, print the path using pwd. Now do go up: cd ..
You now need to add this path to each file name in the list. There are many ways to do this, here's one using awk:
cat filenames.txt | awk '{print "path/to/files/" $0}' > delete_me.txt
You need the filenames to be in the same line, separated by a space, so change newlines to spaces:
tr '\n' ' ' < delete_me.txt > filenames.txt
Get filenames.txt to the local server, and put it in the folder where you want to copy the files into.
The scp run would be:
scp -r user#foo.bar:"$(cat filenames.txt)" .
Similarly, this assumes you have a private access key, otherwise it's much simpler to tar the file in the remote, and bring that.
One can achieve file transfer with alphabetical order using rsync:
rsync -P -e ssh -r user#remote_host:/some_path local_path
P allows partial downloading, e sets the SSH protocol and r downloads recursively.
You can do it in one line without an intermediate using xargs:
ls -r <directory> | xargs -I {} scp <Directory>/{} user#foo.bar:folder/
Of course, this would require you to type your password multiple times if you do not have public key authentication.
You can also use cd and still skip the intermediate file.
cd <directory>
scp $(ls -r) user#foo.bar:folder/
ssh will look for its keys by default in the ~/.ssh folder. I want to force it to always look in another location.
The workaround I'm using is to add the keys from the non-standard location to the agent:
ssh-agent
ssh-add /path/to/where/keys/really/are/id_rsa
(on Linux and MingW32 shell on Windows)
If you are only looking to point to a different location for you identity file, the you can modify your ~/.ssh/config file with the following entry:
IdentityFile ~/.foo/identity
man ssh_config to find other config options.
man ssh gives me this options would could be useful.
-i identity_file
Selects a file from which the identity (private key) for RSA or
DSA authentication is read. The default is ~/.ssh/identity for
protocol version 1, and ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa for pro-
tocol version 2. Identity files may also be specified on a per-
host basis in the configuration file. It is possible to have
multiple -i options (and multiple identities specified in config-
uration files).
So you could create an alias in your bash config with something like
alias ssh="ssh -i /path/to/private_key"
I haven't looked into a ssh configuration file, but like the -i option this too could be aliased
-F configfile
Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file. If a configuration file is given on the command line, the system-wide configuration file (/etc/ssh/ssh_config) will be ignored. The default for the per-user configuration file is ~/.ssh/config.
Update for Git Bash on Windows 10: on my system, git bash app will work over the ssh layer (brought by OpenSSH) look for an environment variable called HOME (To Windows key and type in "env" to edit env vars). If this variable points to a place that doesn't exist, git bash may never open.
Like on Linux, Git Bash app will look for its config file in %HOME%\.ssh.
e.g. If you set HOME to C:\Users\Yourname, than it will look for C:\Users\Yourname\.ssh
Finally, within config text file, git bash will look for IdentifyFile path.
On Windows, set the path using cygwin notation.
e.g. to /e/var/www/certs/keys/your_passwordless_key.key
Bonus: for free, PHPStorm will use that setup. Restart IDE if you've just changed settings.