In the query below, why do we use As foo (geom) and not As geom? What does foo() do?
SQL Query
SELECT ST_SRID(geom) AS srid, ST_SRID(ST_SetSRID(geom, 4326)) as srid_new
FROM (
VALUES (
ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((70 20, 71 21, 71 19, 70 20))', 4269)),
(ST_Point(1,2)
)
) As foo (geom);
Using As geom gives the error:
ERROR: function st_srid(record) does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT ST_SRID(geom) AS srid, ST_SRID(ST_SetSRID(geom, 4326)...
As foo is an alias for the subquery, and the (geom) attached to it is the column name in it. SQL requires an alias for every subquery. Find an example in the manual in the chapter Subqueries.
The same goes for a VALUES expression used in this place. I quote the manual here:
Syntactically, VALUES followed by expression lists is treated as equivalent to:
SELECT select_list FROM table_expression
Related
I've create 3 computed columns as alias and then used the aliased columns to calculate the total cost. This is the query:
SELECT TOP 1000 [Id]
,[QuantityOfProduct]
,[Redundant_ProductName]
,[Order_Id]
,(CASE
WHEN [PriceForUnitOverride] is NULL
THEN [Redundant_PriceForUnit]
ELSE
[PriceForUnitOverride]
END
) AS [FinalPriceForUnit]
,(CASE
WHEN [QuantityUnit_Override] is NULL
THEN [Redundant_QuantityUnit]
ELSE
[QuantityUnit_Override]
END
) AS [FinalQuantityUnit]
,(CASE
WHEN [QuantityAtomic_Override] is NULL
THEN [Redundant_QuantityAtomic]
ELSE
[QuantityAtomic_Override]
END
) AS [Final_QuantityAtomic]
--***THIS IS WHERE THE QUERY CREATES AN ERROR***--
,([QuantityOfProduct]*[FinalPriceForUnit]*
([Final_QuantityAtomic]/[FinalQuantityUnit])) AS [Final_TotalPrice]
FROM [dbo].[ItemInOrder]
WHERE [IsSoftDeleted] = 0
ORDER BY [Order_Id]
The console returns this ERROR message:
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 55
Invalid column name 'FinalPriceForUnit'.
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 55
Invalid column name 'Final_QuantityAtomic'.
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 55
Invalid column name 'FinalQuantityUnit'.
If I remove the "AS [Final_TotalPrice]" alias computed column, no error occurs, but I need the total price. How can I solve this issue? It seems as the other aliases have not been created when the Final_TotalPrice is reached.
You can't use table aliases in the same select. The normal solution is CTEs or subqueries. But, SQL Server also offers APPLY. (Oracle also supports APPLY and other databases such as Postgres support lateral joins using the LATERAL keyword.)
I like this solution, because you can create arbitrarily nested expressions and don't have to worry about indenting:
SELECT TOP 1000 io.Id, io.QuantityOfProduct, io.Redundant_ProductName,
io.Order_Id,
x.FinalPriceForUnit, x.FinalQuantityUnit, x.Final_QuantityAtomic,
(x.QuantityOfProduct * x.FinalPriceForUnit * x.Final_QuantityAtomic / x.FinalQuantityUnit
) as Final_TotalPrice
FROM dbo.ItemInOrder io OUTER APPLY
(SELECT COALESCE(PriceForUnitOverride, Redundant_PriceForUnit) as FinalPriceForUnit,
COALESCE(QuantityUnit_Override, Redundant_QuantityUnit) as FinalQuantityUnit
COALESCE(QuantityAtomic_Override, Redundant_QuantityAtomic) as Final_QuantityAtomic
) x
WHERE io.IsSoftDeleted = 0
ORDER BY io.Order_Id ;
Notes:
I don't find that [ and ] help me read or write queries at all.
COALESCE() is much simpler than your CASE statements.
With COALESCE() you might consider just putting the COALESCE() expression in the final calculation.
You can't use an alias in the same select. What you can do is find the value in subquery and then use it outside in the expression (or may be repeated the whole case statement in your expression). Also, use COALESCE to instead of CASE.
select t.*,
([QuantityOfProduct] * [FinalPriceForUnit] * ([Final_QuantityAtomic] / [FinalQuantityUnit])) as [Final_TotalPrice]
from (
select top 1000 [Id],
[QuantityOfProduct],
[Redundant_ProductName],
[Order_Id],
coalesce([PriceForUnitOverride], [Redundant_PriceForUnit]) as [FinalPriceForUnit],
coalesce([QuantityUnit_Override], [Redundant_QuantityUnit]) as [FinalQuantityUnit],
coalesce([QuantityAtomic_Override], [Redundant_QuantityAtomic]) as [Final_QuantityAtomic]
from [dbo].[ItemInOrder]
where [IsSoftDeleted] = 0
order by [Order_Id]
) t;
I have a Trip table in PostgreSQL DB, there is a column called meta in the table.
A example of meta in one row looks like:
meta = {"runTime": 3922000, "distance": 85132, "duration": 4049000, "fuelUsed": 19.595927498516176}
To select the trip which has largest value divided by "distance" and "runTime", I run query:
select MAX(tp."meta"->>'distance'/tp."meta"->>'runTime') maxkph FROM "Trip" tp
but I get ERROR:
/* ERROR: operator does not exist: unknown / jsonb LINE 1: MAX(tp."meta"->>'distance'/tp."meta"...
I also tried:
select MAX((tp."meta"->>'distance')/(tp."meta"->>'runTime')) maxkph FROM "Trip" tp
but get another ERROR:
/* ERROR: operator does not exist: text / text LINE 1: ...MAX((tp."meta"->>'distance')/(tp."meta...
Could you please help me to solve this problem?
There is not operator div for jsonb values. You have to cast a values on both sizes to some numeric type first:
MAX( ((tp."meta"->>'distance')::numeric) / ((tp."meta"->>'runTime')::numeric) ) maxkph
Try using parentheses:
MAX( (tp."meta"->>'distance') / (tp."meta"->>'runTime') ) as maxkph
Your second problem suggests that these values are stored as strings. So convert them:
MAX( (tp."meta"->>'distance')::numeric / (tp."meta"->>'runTime')::numeric ) as maxkph
I have a table where one column is array:
CREATE TABLE inherited_tags (
id serial,
tags text[]
);
Sample values:
INSERT INTO inherited_tags (tags) VALUES
(ARRAY['A','B','C']), -- id: 1
(ARRAY['D','E']), -- id: 2
(ARRAY['A','B']), -- id: 3
(ARRAY['C','D']), -- id: 4
(ARRAY['D','F']), -- id: 5
(ARRAY['A']); -- id: 6
I want to find rows which tags column contains some subset of words inside array. For example for input:
ARRAY[ARRAY['A','C'], ARRAY['F'], ARRAY['E']]::text[][]
I want to find all rows that contain ('A' and 'C') OR ('F') OR ('E'). So for example above I should get rows with ids: 1, 2, 5.
I was hoping that I could use syntax like this:
SELECT * FROM inherited_tags WHERE
tags #> ANY(ARRAY[ARRAY['A','C'], ARRAY['F'], ARRAY['E']]::text[][])
but I get error:
ERROR: operator does not exist: text[] #> text
LINE 1: SELECT * FROM inherited_tags where tags <# ANY(ARRAY[ARRAY['...
Postgres 9.6
plpgsql solution is acceptable but SQL is preferred.
DB-FIDDLE: https://www.db-fiddle.com/f/cKCr7Sfab6u8rqaCHhJvPk/0
The problem comes from the fact that the text[] and text[][] data types are internally the same data type. An array has a base type and dimensions, and the ANY operator will always extract the base type to compare, which will always be text and not text[]. It doesn't help that multidimensional arrays require that each subelement has the same length as every other. You can have ARRAY[ARRAY['A','C'],ARRAY['B','N']], but not ARRAY[ARRAY[2,3],ARRAY[1]].
In short, there is no direct way to make that particular query work. I tried to create a function and an operator for this as well, and that doesn't work, either, for different reasons. See how that went:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION check_tag_matches(
IN leftside text[],
IN rightside text)
RETURNS BOOLEAN AS
$BODY$
DECLARE rightarr text[];
BEGIN
SELECT CAST(rightside as text[]) INTO rightarr;
RETURN SELECT leftside #> rightarr;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE;
CREATE OPERATOR public.>>(
PROCEDURE = check_tag_matches,
LEFTARG = text[],
RIGHTARG = text,
COMMUTATOR = >>);
Then when testing it:
test=# SELECT * FROM inherited_tags WHERE
tags >> ANY(ARRAY[ARRAY['A','M'], ARRAY['F','E'], ARRAY['E','R']]::text[][]);
ERROR: malformed array literal: "A"
DETAIL: Array value must start with "{" or dimension information.
CONTEXT: SQL statement "SELECT CAST(rightside as text[])"
PL/pgSQL function check_tag_matches(text[],text) line 4 at SQL statement
It seems that when you try using a multidimensional array like ARRAY[ARRAY['A','M'], ARRAY['F','E'], ARRAY['E','R']]::text[][] in ANY(), it iterates not over ARRAY['A','M'], then ARRAY['F','E'], then ARRAY['E','R'], but over 'A','M','F','E','E','R'. The same thing happens when with unnest.
test=# SELECT unnest(ARRAY[ARRAY['A','M'], ARRAY['F','E'], ARRAY['E','R']]::text[][]);
unnest
--------
A
M
F
E
E
R
(6 rows)
Your remaining optiona are to define a function that will read array_length(rightside,1) and array_length(rightside,2) and use nested loops to check it all, or you can send multiple queries to get the inherited tags for each tag, or restructure your data somehow. And you can't even access the ARRAY['A','M'] element using rightside[1] to iterate over it, you're forced to go to the deepest level.
I don't think you can do that with a single condition because of the "contains A and C" requirement.
SELECT *
FROM inherited_tags
WHERE tags #> ARRAY['A','C']
OR tags && array['F', 'E'];
tags #> ARRAY['A','C'] selects those where tags contains all elements from ARRAY['A','C'] and tags && array['F', 'E'] selects those rows that contain at least one of the tags from array['F', 'E']
Updated DB Fiddle: https://www.db-fiddle.com/f/rXsjqEN3ry67uxJtEs3GM9/0
u can try
SELECT * FROM table WHERE
tags #> ARRAY['A','C']::varchar[]
OR
tags #> ARRAY['E']::varchar[]
OR
tags #> ARRAY['F']::varchar[]
I have a table with array of structs. Is there a way to filter the records from this column using like operator ?
hive> desc location;
location_list array<struct<city:string,state:string>>
hive> select * from location;
row1 : [{"city":"Hudson","state":"NY"},{"city":"San Jose","state":"CA"},{"city":"Albany","state":"NY"}]
row2 : [{"city":"San Jose","state":"CA"},{"city":"San Diego","state":"CA"}]
I am trying to run a query something like this, to filter only those records with "NY" state.
hive> select * from location where location_list like '%"NY"%';
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10014]: Line 1:29 Wrong arguments ''%"NY"%'': No matching method for class org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.UDFLike with (array<struct<city:string,state:string>>, string). Possible choices: _FUNC_(string, string)
Note : I could do this by doing a lateralview & explode of this struct column. But trying to avoid it because I need join this table with another where lateral view is not accepted.
Nice question, you can do it in the following efficient ( and beautiful) way.
select * from location
where array_contains(location_list.state, 'NY');
In this case, location_list.state will create an array of strings (states in your case) so you can use the UDF array_contains for value checking. This will look for exact value, you will not be able to perform a matching like the like operator but you should be able to achieve what you are looking
Demo of array_contains:
select my_array
from
( --emulation of your dataset. Just replace this subquery with your table
select array(named_struct("city","Hudson","state","NY"),named_struct("city","San Jose","state","CA"),named_struct("city","Albany","state","NY")) as my_array
union all
select array(named_struct("city","San Jose","state","CA"),named_struct("city","San Diego","state","CA")) as my_array
)s
where array_contains(my_array.state,'NY')
;
Result:
OK
[{"city":"Hudson","state":"NY"},{"city":"San Jose","state":"CA"},{"city":"Albany","state":"NY"}]
Time taken: 34.055 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
I have some arrays stored in Redshift table "transactions" in the following format:
id, total, breakdown
1, 100, [50,50]
2, 200, [150,50]
3, 125, [15, 110]
...
n, 10000, [100,900]
Since this format is useless to me, I need to do some processing on this to get the values out. I've tried using regex to extract it.
SELECT regexp_substr(breakdown, '\[([0-9]+),([0-9]+)\]')
FROM transactions
but I get an error returned that says
Unmatched ( or \(
Detail:
-----------------------------------------------
error: Unmatched ( or \(
code: 8002
context: T_regexp_init
query: 8946413
location: funcs_expr.cpp:130
process: query3_40 [pid=17533]
--------------------------------------------
Ideally I would like to get x and y as their own columns so I can do the appropriate math. I know I can do this fairly easy in python or PHP or the like, but I'm interested in a pure SQL solution - partially because I'm using an online SQL editor (Mode Analytics) to plot it easily as a dashboard.
Thanks for your help!
If breakdown really is an array you can do this:
select id, total, breakdown[1] as x, breakdown[2] as y
from transactions;
If breakdown is not an array but e.g. a varchar column, you can cast it into an array if you replace the square brackets with curly braces:
select id, total,
(translate(breakdown, '[]', '{}')::integer[])[1] as x,
(translate(breakdown, '[]', '{}')::integer[])[2] as y
from transactions;
You can try this :
SELECT REPLACE(SPLIT_PART(breakdown,',',1),'[','') as x,REPLACE(SPLIT_PART(breakdown,',',2),']','') as y FROM transactions;
I tried this with redshift db and this worked for me.
Detailed Explanation:
SPLIT_PART(breakdown,',',1) will give you [50.
SPLIT_PART(breakdown,',',2) will give you 50].
REPLACE(SPLIT_PART(breakdown,',',1),'[','') will replace the [ and will give just 50.
REPLACE(SPLIT_PART(breakdown,',',2),']','') will replace the ] and will give just 50.
Know its an old post.But if someone needs a much easier way
select json_extract_array_element_text('[100,101,102]', 2);
output : 102