Select rows where value is equal given value or lower and nearest to it - sql

Question

Sorry for confusing title. Please, tell, if it's possible to do via db request. Assume we have following table
ind_id name value date
----------- -------------------- ----------- ----------
1 a 10 2010-01-01
1 a 20 2010-01-02
1 a 30 2010-01-03
2 b 10 2010-01-01
2 b 20 2010-01-02
2 b 30 2010-01-03
2 b 40 2010-01-04
3 c 10 2010-01-01
3 c 20 2010-01-02
3 c 30 2010-01-03
3 c 40 2010-01-04
3 c 50 2010-01-05
4 d 10 2010-01-05
I need to query all rows to include each ind_id once for the given date, and if there's no ind_id for given date, then take the nearest lower date, if there's no any lower dates, then return ind_id + name (name/ind_id pairs are equal) with nulls.
For example, date is 2010-01-04, I expect following result:
ind_id name value date
----------- -------------------- ----------- ----------
1 a 30 2010-01-03
2 b 40 2010-01-04
3 c 40 2010-01-04
4 d NULL NULL
If it's possible, I'll be very grateful if someone help me with building query. I'm using SQL server 2008.

Answer 1

Check this SQL FIDDLE DEMO
with CTE_test
as
(
select int_id,
max(date) MaxDate
from test
where date<='2010-01-04 00:00:00:000'
group by int_id
)
select A.int_id, A.[Value], A.[Date]
from test A
inner join CTE_test B
on a.int_id=b.int_id
and a.date = b.Maxdate
union all
select int_id, null, null
from test
where int_id not in (select int_id from CTE_test)

Answer 2

(Updated) Try:
with cte as
(select m.*,
max(date) over (partition by ind_id) max_date,
max(case when date <= #date then date end) over
(partition by ind_id) max_acc_date
from myTable m)
select ind_id,
name,
case when max_acc_date is null then null else value end value,
max_acc_date date
from cte c
where date = coalesce(max_acc_date, max_date)
(SQLFiddle here)

Answer 3

Here is a query that returns the result that you are looking for:
SELECT
t1.ind_id
, CASE WHEN t1.date <= '2010-01-04' THEN t1.value ELSE null END
FROM test t1
WHERE t1.date=COALESCE(
(SELECT MAX(DATE)
FROM test t2
WHERE t2.ind_id=t1.ind_id AND t2.date <= '2010-01-04')
, t1.date)
The idea is to pick a row in a correlated query such that its ID matches that of the current row, and the date is the highest one prior to your target date of '2010-01-04'.
When such row does not exist, the date for the current row is returned. This date needs to be replaced with a null; this is what the CASE statement at the top is doing.
Here is a demo on sqlfiddle.

Answer 4

You can use something like:
declare #date date = '2010-01-04'
;with ids as
(
select distinct ind_id
from myTable
)
,ranks as
(
select *
, ranking = row_number() over (partition by ind_id order by date desc)
from myTable
where date <= #date
)
select ids.ind_id
, ranks.value
, ranks.date
from ids
left join ranks on ids.ind_id = ranks.ind_id and ranks.ranking = 1
SQL Fiddle with demo.
Ideally you wouldn't be using the DISTINCT statement to get the ind_id values to include, but I've used it in this case to get the results you needed.
Also, standard disclaimer for these sorts of queries; if you have duplicate data you should consider a tie-breaker column in the ORDER BY or using RANK instead of ROW_NUMBER.
Edited after OPs update
Just add the new column into the existing query:
with ids as
(
select distinct ind_id, name
from myTable
)
,ranks as
(
select *
, ranking = row_number() over (partition by ind_id order by date desc)
from myTable
where date <= #date
)
select ids.ind_id
, ids.name
, ranks.value
, ranks.date
from ids
left join ranks on ids.ind_id = ranks.ind_id and ranks.ranking = 1
SQL Fiddle with demo.
As with the previous one it would be best to get the ind_id/name information through joining to a standing data table if available.

Answer 5

Try
DECLARE #date DATETIME;
SET #date = '2010-01-04';
WITH temp1 AS
(
SELECT t.ind_id
, t.name
, CASE WHEN t.date <= #date THEN t.value ELSE NULL END AS value
, CASE WHEN t.date <= #date THEN t.date ELSE NULL END AS date
FROM test1 AS t
),
temp AS
(
SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY ind_id ORDER BY t.date DESC) AS rn
FROM temp1 AS t
WHERE t.date <= #date OR t.date IS NULL
)
SELECT *
FROM temp AS t
WHERE rn = 1

Answer 6

Use option with EXISTS operator
DECLARE #date date = '20100104'
SELECT ind_id,
CASE WHEN date <= #date THEN value END AS value,
CASE WHEN date <= #date THEN date END AS date
FROM dbo.test57 t
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM dbo.test57 t2
WHERE t.ind_id = t2.ind_id AND t2.date <= #date
HAVING ISNULL(MAX(t2.date), t.date) = t.date
)
Demo on SQLFiddle

Answer 7

This is not the exact answer but will give you the concept as i just write it down quickly without any testing.
use
go
if
(Select value from table where col=#col1) is not null
--you code to get the match value
else if
(Select LOWER(Date) from table ) is not null
-- your query to get the nerst dtae record
else
--you query withh null value
end