I have a procedure which takes table type input parameter. Now I have to use this parameter in IN-clause of SELECT query.
CREATE TYPE ids IS TABLE OF NUMBER;
CREATE PROCEDURE (emp_ids IN ids) IS
CURSOR IS (SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMP_ID IN (SELECT * FROM TABLE(emp_ids)); .....
But I found that this code is not going to work because local collection types cannot be used in an SQL statement.
Is there any alternate way to achieve using table type parameter in a SELECT statement?
According to what you have posted, you are declaring collection as schema object, not the local type. This means that you shouldn't have any problems of using it. Here is an example:
-- collection type as schema object
SQL> create or replace type ids is table of number;
2 /
Type created
SQL> create or replace procedure proc1 (emp_ids IN ids)
2 IS
3 cursor c is (
4 select first_name
5 from employees
6 where employee_id in (select column_value
7 from table(emp_ids)
8 )
9 );
10 begin
11 for i in c
12 loop
13 dbms_output.put_line(i.first_name);
14 end loop;
15 end;
16 /
Procedure created
SQL> exec proc1(ids(101, 103, 200));
Neena
Alexander
Jennifer
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
Related
I am working on a script to be later used in my SSIS ETL, the source DB is oracle and I am using SQL Developer 20.0.2.75 .
I spent so much time declaring 100 variables but it doesn't see to work in SQL developer.
Define & Initialise:
Declare
V1 number;
V2 number;
.
.
.
V100 number;
Begin
Select UDF(params1,param2) into V1 from dual;
Select UDF(params3,param4) into V2 from dual;
...
End;
I was hoping I'd be able to use these variables in my script like :
select columns from table where Col1=:V1 and Col2=:V2
When used "Run Statement" prompts for values, "Run Script" doesn't see to like into Variable statements.
I even tried :
select columns from table where Col1=&&V1 and Col2=&&V2
Now my query doesn't work !
After below responses, I changed my script to :
Variable V1 Number;
Variable V2 Number;
exec select MyFunction(p1,p2) into :V1 from Dual;
/
Select columns from table where col1=:V1 and col2=:V2
It still prompts for value
This is how I defined my function
Create Function MyFunction(m IN Varchar, s IN Number)
Return Number
IS c Number;
select code into c from table where col1=m and col2=s;
Return(c);
End;
Is there anything wrong with the function?
You define variables as per you would in SQL Plus or SQLcl and then run it as a script
Text below
variable x1 number
begin
select 123 into :x1 from dual;
end;
/
print x1
Similar example in SQL Plus (and will work in SQL Dev as well)
SQL> set serverout on
SQL> variable x1 number
SQL> begin
2 select 5 into :x1 from dual;
3 end;
4 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> print x1
X1
----------
5
SQL>
SQL> select rownum from dual
2 connect by level <= :x1;
ROWNUM
----------
1
2
3
4
5
SQL>
SQL> begin
2 dbms_output.put_line('X1 is '||:x1);
3 end;
4 /
X1 is 5
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
I spent so much time declaring 100 variables
To me, it looks like a wrong approach. OK, declare a few variables, but 100 of them?! Why wouldn't you switch to something easier to maintain. What? A table, for example.
create table params
(var varchar2(20),
value varchar2(20)
);
Pre-populate it with all variables you use (and then just update their values), or just insert rows:
insert into params (var, value) values ('v1', UDF(params1, param2));
insert into params (var, value) values ('v2', UDF(params3, param4));
...
Fetch values through a function:
create or replace function f_params (par_var in varchar2)
return varchar2
is
retval varchar2(20);
begin
select value
into retval
from params
where var = par_var;
return retval;
end;
Use it (in your query) as:
select columns
from table
where Col1 = f_params('v1')
and Col2 = f_params('v2')
If many users use it, consider creating one "master" params table (which contains all the variables) and a global temporary table (which would be populated and used by each of those users).
Using Oracle 11g when creating the following stored procedure
create or replace PROCEDURE sp_EqualVote(AREA IN NVARCHAR2, DATEOFVOTE IN DATE)
IS
DECLARE test nvarchar(255);
BEGIN
SELECT
AREA,
DATEOFVOTE,
CASE
WHEN (REMAINVOTES = LEAVEVOTES) THEN REMAINVOTES
END AS EqualVote
INTO test
FROM VOTING
WHERE REMAINVOTES = LEAVEVOTES;
END;
END;
I encounter the following error, I'm not quite sure where to go
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "DECLARE" when expecting one of the following: begin function pragma procedure subtype type <an identifier> <a double-quoted delimited-identifier> current cursor delete exists prior external language The symbol "begin" was substituted for "DECLARE" to continue.
I'm a university student and not really that familiar with PLSQL. The idea is the stored procedure should display if an an area has equal votes, given the area and date in the procedure then display an equalvotes labeled column with a value of 50
Quite a few mistakes.
you don't need DECLARE within the named PL/SQL procedure
parameters names should differ from column names, so you'd rather use - for example - p_area in nvarchar2, p_dateofvote in date
if you select 3 columns, you have to put them INTO 3 variables - you've declared only one, so either declare two more, or remove AREA and DATEOFOTE from SELECT
what are those parameters used for? Usually, as a part of the WHERE clause - which is not the case in your code
pay attention to number of rows returned by the SELECT statement. If you're selecting into a scalar variable, make sure that it returns only one row
what will you do with TEST variable, once you get its value? Currently, nothing
you've got an END that is a surplus.
Therefore, consider something like this which should at least compile (depending on table description):
SQL> create table voting (area nvarchar2(10),
2 dateofvote date,
3 remainvotes nvarchar2(10),
4 leavevotes nvarchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> create or replace procedure
2 sp_equalvote(p_area in nvarchar2, p_dateofvote in date)
3 is
4 test nvarchar2(255);
5 begin
6 select
7 case when remainvotes = leavevotes then remainvotes end
8 into test
9 from voting
10 where remainvotes = leavevotes
11 and area = p_area
12 and dateofvote = p_dateofvote;
13 end;
14 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
[EDIT]
After reading the comment, perhaps you'd rather use a function.
Some sample values:
SQL> insert into voting values (1, date '2019-02-20', 100, 15);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into voting values (1, date '2019-03-10', 300, 300);
1 row created.
Function:
SQL> create or replace function
2 sp_equalvote(p_area in nvarchar2, p_dateofvote in date)
3 return nvarchar2
4 is
5 test nvarchar2(255);
6 begin
7 select
8 case when remainvotes = leavevotes then 'draw'
9 else 'not equal'
10 end
11 into test
12 from voting
13 where area = p_area
14 and dateofvote = p_dateofvote;
15
16 return test;
17 end;
18 /
Function created.
SQL>
Testing:
SQL> select * From voting;
AREA DATEOFVOTE REMAINVOTE LEAVEVOTES
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 20.02.2019 100 15
1 10.03.2019 300 300
SQL> select sp_equalvote(1, date '2019-02-20') res from dual;
RES
--------------------
not equal
SQL> select sp_equalvote(1, date '2019-03-10') res from dual;
RES
--------------------
draw
SQL>
DECLARE is not allowed in the body of a PL/SQL procedure. The IS or AS serves the purpose of delimiting where the variable declaration section starts - so your procedure should be
create or replace PROCEDURE sp_EqualVote(AREA IN NVARCHAR2, DATEOFVOTE IN DATE)
IS
test nvarchar(255);
BEGIN
SELECT
AREA,
DATEOFVOTE,
CASE
WHEN (REMAINVOTES = LEAVEVOTES) THEN REMAINVOTES
END AS EqualVote
INTO test
FROM VOTING
WHERE REMAINVOTES = LEAVEVOTES;
END;
You also had an extra END, which I removed.
Best of luck.
We generate tables dynamically Eg. Table T_1, T_2, T_3, etc & we can get that table names from another table by following query.
SELECT CONCAT('T_', T_ID) AS T_NAME FROM T_NAMES WHERE T_KEY = 'ABC';
Now I want to get records from this retrieved table name. What can I do ?
I'm doing like following but that's not working :
SELECT * FROM (SELECT CONCAT('T_', T_ID) AS T_NAME FROM T_NAMES WHERE T_KEY = 'ABC')
FYI : I'm hitting two individual queries as of now though I want to eliminate one and I can not follow cursor/procedure approach due to some limitations.
A procedure which utilizes refcursor seems to be the most appropriate to me. Here's an example:
SQL> -- creating test case (your T_NAMES table and T_1 which looks like Scott's DEPT)
SQL> create table t_names (t_id number, t_key varchar2(3));
Table created.
SQL> insert into t_names values (1, 'ABC');
1 row created.
SQL> create table t_1 as select * from dept;
Table created.
SQL> -- a procedure; accepts KEY and returns refcursor
SQL> create or replace procedure p_test
2 (par_key in varchar2, par_out out sys_refcursor)
3 as
4 l_t_name varchar2(30);
5 begin
6 select 'T_' || t_id
7 into l_t_name
8 from t_names
9 where t_key = par_key;
10
11 open par_out for 'select * from ' || l_t_name;
12 end;
13 /
Procedure created.
OK, let's test it:
SQL> var l_out refcursor
SQL> exec p_test('ABC', :l_out)
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> print l_out
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL>
I could propose to you Dynamic SQL.
First of all, you need to create a cursor. The cursor will iterate by the dynamic tables. Then you could use dynamic SQL to create a query and then execute it.
So example:
https://livesql.oracle.com/apex/livesql/file/content_C81136WLRFYZF8ION6Q57GWE1.html - detailed cursor example.
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/appdev.111/b28370/dynamic.htm#i13057 - dynamic SQL in Oracle
I'm working on a query (a SELECT) and I need to insert the result of this one in a table.
Before doing the insert I have some checking to do, and if all columns are valid, I will do the insert.
The checking is done in a stored procedure. The same procedure is used somewhere else too.
So I'm thinking using the same procedure to do my checks.
The procedure does the checkings and insert the values is all OK.
I tryied to call the procedure inside my SELECT but it does not works.
SELECT field1, field2, myproc(field1, field2)
from MYTABLE.
This kind of code does not works.
I think it can be done using a cursor, but I would like to avoid the cursors.
I'm looking for the easiest solution.
Anybody, any idea ?
use a PL/SQL loop:
BEGIN
FOR c IN (SELECT field1, field2 FROM mytable) LOOP
my_proc(c.field1, c.field2);
END LOOP;
END;
SQL can only use functions in the projection: it needs something which returns a value. So you are going to have to write some functions. That's the bad news. The good news is, you can re-use all the investement in your stored procedures.
Here is a procedure which enforces a completely just business rule: only managers can have a high salary.
SQL> create or replace procedure salary_rule
2 ( p_sal in emp.sal%type
3 , p_job in emp.job%type)
4 is
5 x_sal exception;
6 begin
7 if p_sal > 4999 and p_job != 'MANAGER' then
8 raise x_sal;
9 end if;
10 exception
11 when x_sal then
12 raise_application_error(-20000, 'Only managers can earn that much!');
13 end salary_rule;
14 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
Because it is a procedure we cannot use it in a SELECT statement; we need to wrap it in a function. This function just calls the stored procedure. It returns the input parameter P_SAL. In other words, if the salary is valid (according to the rules) it will be returned. Otherwise the function will re-hurl the stored procedure's exception.
SQL> create or replace function validate_salary
2 ( p_sal in emp.sal%type
3 , p_job in emp.job%type)
4 return emp.sal%type
5 is
6 begin
7 salary_rule(p_sal, p_job);
8 return p_sal;
9 end validate_salary;
10 /
Function created.
SQL>
The function has to return a value which we want to insert into our table. It cannot return some meaningless phrase like "salary okay". Also, if we want to validate two columns we need a separate function for each, even if there is a relationship between them and we use the same stored procedure to validate them both. Good use for the DETERMINISTIC keyword.
Here's the test: plumbers cannot earn 5000 spondulicks ....
SQL> insert into emp
2 (empno
3 , ename
4 , job
5 , deptno
6 , sal )
7 select
8 emp_seq.nextval
9 , 'HALL'
10 , 'PLUMBER'
11 , 60
12 , validate_salary(5000, 'PLUMBER')
13 from dual
14 /
, validate_salary(5000, 'PLUMBER')
*
ERROR at line 12:
ORA-20000: Only managers can earn that much!
ORA-06512: at "APC.SALARY_RULE", line 12
ORA-06512: at "APC.VALIDATE_SALARY", line 7
SQL>
... but managers can (because they deserve it):
SQL> insert into emp
2 (empno
3 , ename
4 , job
5 , deptno
6 , sal )
7 select
8 emp_seq.nextval
9 , 'HALL'
10 , 'MANAGER'
11 , 60
12 , validate_salary(5000, 'MANAGER')
13 from dual
14 /
1 row created.
SQL>
Note that the hurled exception is crucial to this working. We cannot write some bizarre IF SALARY IS VALID THEN INSERT logic in our SQL statement. So, if the stored procedure doesn't raise an exception but instead returns some wimpy error status the wrapping function will have to interpret the output and hurl its own exception.
You can't use stored procedures in SELECT statement.
You can use functions for that.
As I understand you are calling insert in your SP, so take into consideration that you can's use INSERT/UPDATE in function body. But if you need to do some checks you can use function which will do that checks and use that function in your select statement.
Here's a simplified pseudo-code version of what I'd like to be able to do in PL-SQL (Oracle):
DECLARE
mylist as ARRAY
BEGIN
mylist (1) := '1'
mylist (2) := '3'
...
SELECT *
FROM aTable
WHERE aKey IN mylist;
END;
The SELECT should return the matching records for mylist(1), mylist(2) etc. It should be similar to ORing all the values, but of course we don't know in advance how many values we get.
How can I achieve this? I know that PL/SQL has some collection datatypes, but I can't seem to get them to work properly in SQL statements.
Thanks for any ideas.
This is easy to do with the TABLE() function. The one catch is that the array variable must use a type declared in SQL. This is because SELECT uses the SQL engine, so PL/SQL declarations are out of scope.
SQL> create or replace type numbers_nt as table of number
2 /
Type created.
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 l_array numbers_nt;
3 begin
4 l_array := numbers_nt (7521,7566,7654);
5 for r in ( select ename
6 from emp
7 where empno in ( select *
8 from table (l_array)
9 )
10 )
11 loop
12 dbms_output.put_line ( 'employee name = '||r.ename);
13 end loop;
14 end;
15 /
employee name = PADFIELD
employee name = ROBERTSON
employee name = BILLINGTON
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
A couple of suggestions:
1.) There's a CAST SQL keyword that you can do that might do the job... it makes your collection be treated as if it were a table.
2.) Pipelined functions. Basically a function returns data that looks like a table.
This link summarises the options and has a number of code listings that explain them.
http://www.databasejournal.com/features/oracle/article.php/3352091/CASTing-About-For-a-Solution-Using-CAST-and-Table-Functions-in-PLSQL.htm