My table IncomingLetter has a foreign key to a table Department, which has an ID and a column Short_Name.
I'm using this query to count the incoming letters assigned to a department.
SELECT COUNT(DocumentNumber) AS TotalNumberIncomingLetters
FROM IncomingLetter
WHERE Assigned_To_Department=1;
Whereas this works I want to make a query based upon the short name and not based upon the ID.
SELECT COUNT(DocumentNumber) AS TotalNumberIncomingLetters
FROM IncomingLetter
WHERE Assigned_To_Department.Short_Name="My Department Name";
This does not work, whereas I found examples that are using this syntax. However, it is probably important to notice, that I m using this query in MS access.
You should use
SELECT COUNT(il.DocumentNumber) AS TotalNumberIncomingLetters
FROM IncomingLetter il
INNER JOIN Department d on d.ID = il.Assigned_To_Department
WHERE d.Short_Name="My Department Name";
The "My Department Name" text is actually stored in the Departments table, and only the number (1) is stored in the IncomingLetter table, in the field Assigned_To_Department.
Asking for Assigned_To_Department.Short_Name basically asks the number 1 to get it's Short_Name field, that does not make sense.
You need to tell the database engine two things in these scenarios:
which tables are connected - IncomingLetter and Departments in this case (the inner join part)
how they are connected - by setting their Assigned_To_Department and ID fields respecively (the on ... part
Related
(This is a general SQL question, but I am specifically using MSAccess 2010 so looking for how to do this with Access' flavor of SQL)
I have a table called offices which has id, office_name, num_desks.
Another table called employees which has id, employee_name.
And a final table called employee_offices which has id, office_id, employee_id.
I can assign employees to offices via employee_offices.
I am trying to generate a report which shows all offices and the employees assigned to the, but also includes blank lines for any empty desks in that office.
I realize a "simple" way to do this would be to create a desks table with id, office_id, delete the num_desks column from the offices table and change employee_offices to something like employee_desks. Then my report would be a simple LEFT OUTER JOIN and it would include all the unassigned desks. However for the sake of sanity (in this case, there is no contextual difference between desks), I am not going to do this. Plus if I start deleting desks I have referential constraints to deal with (which obviously exist for a good reason and would catch the fact that I am leaving employees without a desk), but I just want to be able to change the number of desks.
I can calculate the number of empty desks (or lack of desks) through the following command:
SELECT
office_id,
num_desks - num_employees AS desk_diff,
MAX(0, num_desks - num_employees) AS blank_rows_to_add
FROM offices LEFT OUTER JOIN (
SELECT office_id, COUNT(employee_id) AS num_employees
FROM employee_offices
GROUP BY office_Id
) AS num_employees_by_office ON offices.id = num_employees_by_office.office_id
Is there a way to take this number (blank_rows_to_add) and somehow utilze it to add that many blank rows (or at least the row only has the office_id/office_name) to a report showing a list of employees by office? I know this can be done with VBA but I am specifically looking for an SQL method that also doesn't include a temp table if at all possible.
Thank you.
long time reader first time poster.
I have what looks like a straight forward Access question.
I've an Employee table with these fields;
|EmployeeID|StaffName|Phone|Email|
EmployeeID is a foreign key in two tables - one for logging the status of a generator ie
|LogID|Status|Logged By|
and one for any incidents with the generator
|IncidentID|Description|Raised By|LogID|
I can create a query to link incidents and their log details eg
|IncidentID|Description|Raised By|LogID|Logged By|
This works if I put the EmployeeID number into 'Logged By' and 'Raised By' - if I put the StaffName - as the company wants, it doesn't work because it's selecting two StaffNames from the same primary key.
Any way around this?
Here is the Access code, the part where LoggedBy and RaisedBy are joined to EmployeeID is in bold.
SELECT [2_Incidents].IncidentID, [2_Incidents].Description, [8_Employees].StaffName AS [Raised By], [1_Log].LogID, [8_Employees].StaffName AS [Logged By]
FROM 8_Employees INNER JOIN (2_Incidents INNER JOIN 2_Incidents ON [1_Log].LogID = [2_Incidents].LogID) ON [8_Employees].EmployeeID = [1_Log].LoggedBy AND [8_Employees].EmployeeID = [2_Incidents].RaisedBy);
I've gotten around this by creating a copy of the Employees table but this could get awkward if there are more fields linked to Employees in the future (eg Closed By, Verified By etc)
If I understand you correctly, the solution is to join to the employee table twice.
In your log details you are doing something like SELECT * FROM incident JOIN log USING (LogID)...
You mention "selecting two StaffNames from the same primary key" - I take it that you are attempting to join Employee somehow with Raised By and Logged By.
If you actually join to two copies of employee: SELECT ... FROM incident JOIN log USING (LogId) JOIN employee ei ON (ei.employeeid = incident.raised_by) JOIN employee el ON (el.employeeid = log.logged_by) you can reference then the ei.staffname (incident raise by employee) and el.staffname (logged by employee)
PS. Sorry about the non-access syntax, but hopefully you can convert!
I have two tables in a Database
and
I need to retrieve the number of staff per manager in the following format
I've been trying to adapt an answer to another question
SELECT bankNo AS "Bank Number",
COUNT (*) AS "Total Branches"
FROM BankBranch
GROUP BY bankNo
As
SELECT COUNT (*) AS StaffCount ,
Employee.Name AS Name
FROM Employee, Stafflink
GROUP BY Name
As I look at the Group BY I'm thinking I should be grouping by The ManID in the Stafflink Table.
My output with this query looks like this
So it is counting correctly but as you can see it's far off the output I need to get.
Any advice would be appreciated.
You need to join the Employee and Stafflink tables. It appears that your FROM clause should look like this:
FROM Employee INNER JOIN StaffLink ON Employee.ID = StaffLink.ManID
You have to join the Eployee table twice to get the summary of employees under manager
select count(*) as StaffCount,Manager.Name
from Employee join Stafflink on employee.Id = StaffLink.EmpId
join Employee as Manager on StaffLink.ManId = Manager.Id
Group by Manager.Name
The answers that advise you on how to join are correct, assuming that you want to learn how to use SQL in MS Access. But there is a way to accomplish the same thing using the ACCESS GUI for designing queries, and this involves a shorter learning curve than learning SQL.
The key to using the GUI when more than one table is involved is to realize that you have to define the relationships between tables in the relationship manager. Once you do that, designing the query you are after is a piece of cake, just point and click.
The tricky thing in your case is that there are two relationships between the two tables. One relationship links EmpId to ID and the other links ManId to ID.
If, however, you want to learn SQL, then this shortcut will be a digression.
If you don't specify a join between the tables, a so called Cartesian product will be built, i.e., each record from one table will be paired with every record from the other table. If you have 7 records in one table and 10 in the other you will get 70 pairs (i.e. rows) before grouping. This explains why you are getting a count of 7 per manager name.
Besides joining the tables, I would suggest you to group on the manager id instead of the manager name. The manager id is known to be unique per manager, but not the name. This then requires you to either group on the name in addition, because the name is in the select list or to apply an aggregate function on the name. Each additional grouping slows down the query; therefore I prefer the aggregate function.
SELECT
COUNT(*) AS StaffCount,
FIRST(Manager.Name) AS ManagerName
FROM
Stafflink
INNER JOIN Employee AS Manager
ON StaffLink.ManId = Manager.Id
GROUP BY
StaffLink.ManId
I don't know if it makes a performance difference, but I prefer to group on StaffLink.ManId than on Employee.Id, since StaffLink is the main table here and Employee is just used as lookup table in this query.
I am pulling reports for my company and am needing to pull a specific report that I am having trouble with. We are using SQL Server 2012 and I am pulling the SQL reports.
What I need is to pull a simple report:
Group Name, List of Members in the group; Supervisor of the group.
However, the problem is that the supervisor as well as the members and the group name all come from one table in order to get the relevant information. Currently here is my SQL code below:
Use DATABASE
go
-- This is the select portion deciding the columns needed.
select
C.group_name
,C2.first_name
,C2.last_name
-- These are the tables that the query is pulling from.
FROM db..groups AS G
LEFT OUTER JOIN db..contact AS C
ON G.group_id=C.contact_id
INNER JOIN db..contact AS C2
ON G.member=C2.contact_id
go
This pulls the first portion:
The group name, then the first name of a member in that group, and then the last name of a member in that group.
However, I am having trouble getting the supervisor portion. This portion uses the table db.contact under the column supervisor_id as a foreign key. The supervisor_id uses the same unique id as the normal contact_id, but in the same table. Some contact_ids have supervisor_id's that are other contact_id's from the same table, hence the foreign key.
How can I make it so I can get the contact_id that is equal to the supervisor_id of the contact_id that is equal to the group_id?
Taking a quick stab at this while we wait for details
You know you need groups and I'm assuming you don't care about Groups that have no members. Thus Groups INNER JOINed to Contact. This generates your direct group membership. To get the supervisor, you then need to factor in the Supervisor on the specific Contact row.
You might not have a boss, or your boss might be yourself. It's always interesting to see how various HR systems record this. In my example, I'm assuming the head reports to no one instead of themselves.
SELECT
G.group_name
, C.first_name
, C.last_name
-- this may produce nulls depending on outer vs inner join below
, CS.first_name AS supervisor_first_name
, CS.last_name AS supervisor_last_name
FROM
dbo.Groups AS G
INNER JOIN
dbo.Contact AS C
ON C.contact_id = G.member
LEFT OUTER JOIN
dbo.Contact AS CS
ON CS.contact_id = C.supervisor_id;
Depending on how exactly you wanted that data reported, there are various tricks we could use to report that data. In particular, GROUPING SETS might come in handy.
SQLFiddle
I am trying to use a second SELECT to get some ID, then use that ID in a second SELECT and I have no idea how.
SELECT Employee.Name
FROM Emplyee, Employment
WHERE x = Employment.DistributionID
(SELECT Distribution.DistributionID FROM Distribution
WHERE Distribution.Location = 'California') AS x
This post got long, but here is a short "tip"
While the syntax of my select is bad, the logic is not. I need that "x" somehow. Thus the second select is the most important. Then I have to use that "x" within the first select. I just don't know how
/Tip
This is the only thing I could imagine, I'm very new at Sql, I think I need a book before practicing, but now that I've started I'd like to finish my small program.
EDIT:
Ok I looked up joins, still don't get it
SELECT Employee.Name
FROM Emplyee, Employment
WHERE x = Employment.DistributionID
LEFT JOIN Distribution ON
(SELECT Distribution.DistributionID FROM Distribution
WHERE Distribution.Location = 'California') AS x
Get error msg at AS and Left
I use name to find ID from upper red, I use the ID I find FROM upper red in lower table. Then I match the ID I find with Green. I use Green ID to find corresponding Name
I have California as output data from C#. I want to use California to find the DistributionID. I use the DistributionID to find the EmployeeID. I use EmployeeID to find Name
My logic:
Parameter: Distribution.Name (from C#)
Find DistributionID that has Distribution.Name
Look in Employment WHERE given DistributionID
reveals Employees that I am looking for (BY ID)
Use that ID to find Name
return Name
Tables:
NOTE: In this example picture the Employee repeats because of the select, they are in fact singular
In "Locatie" (middle table) is Location, I get location (again) from C#, I use California as an example. I need to find the ID first and foremost!
Sory they are not in english, but here are the create tables:
Try this:
SELECT angajati.Nume
FROM angajati
JOIN angajari ON angajati.AngajatID = angajari.AngajatID
JOIN distribuire ON angajari.distribuireid = distribuire.distribuireid
WHERE distribuire.locatie = 'california'
As you have a table mapping employees to their distribution locations, you just need to join that one in the middle to create the mapping. You can use variables if you like for the WHERE clause so that you can call this as a stored procedure or whatever you need from the output of your C# code.
Try this solution:
DECLARE #pLocatie VARCHAR(40)='Alba'; -- p=parameter
SELECT a.AngajatID, a.Nume
FROM Angajati a
JOIN Angajari j ON a.AngajatID=j.AngajatID
JOIN Distribuire d ON j.DistribuireID=d.DistribuireID
WHERE d.Locatie=#pLocatie
You should add an unique key on Angajari table (Employment) thus:
ALTER TABLE Angajari
ADD CONSTRAINT IUN_Angajari_AngajatID_DistribuireID UNIQUE (AngajatUD, DistribuireID);
This will prevent duplicated (AngajatID, DistribuireID).
I don't know how you are connecting Emplyee(sic?) and Employment, but you want to use a join to connect two tables and in the join specify how the tables are related. Joins usually look best when they have aliases so you don't have to repeat the entire table name. The following query will get you all the information from both Employment and Distribution tables where the distribution location is equal to california. You can join employee to employment to get name as well.
SELECT *
FROM Employment e
JOIN Distribution d on d.DistributionID = e.DistributionID
WHERE d.Location = 'California'
This will return the contents of both tables. To select particular records use the alias.[Col_Name] separated by a comma in the select statement, like d.DistributionID to return the DistributionID from the Distribution Table