I have a question that is a bit confusing. I'm trying to understand mod_rewrite but I am pretty confused by it.
What I'm trying to do is redirect all URLs such as /settings/account or /user/user123 to index.php. A PHP script (which I already created) uses $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] to break the URL down into pieces then uses include. For example it would include settings.php?page=account or user.php?uid=user123.
But if the URL is /settings.php?page=account or /user.php?uid=user123 I don't want it to be redirected through index. In other words, if the URl has a file extension, just go to that file, but if it doesn't (like /settings) go to index.php to process where it should go.
How can this be done? Thanks in advance for any suggestions!
If you don't want to use the commonplace redirect-every-url-which-has-no-corresponding-file approach, you can also try your approach. To redirect anything without dot to a common script, use:
RewriteRule ^([^.]*)$ index.php?path=$1
You might want to exclude some URLs still, like images/ or css/ etc. Use a simple RewriteCond before the rule then:
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !images/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !css/
What you need is a RewriteCond directive with !-f and !-d patterns.
RewriteCond checks whether a user's HTTP request matches provided condition. In your case, you would want to check if a requested file (which is provided in a variable %{REQUEST_FILENAME}) already exists on your document root using the !-f postfix. Similarly, if you want indexing in directories, you can add the same pattern with !-d, which will check if requested directory is on your document root.
So these two lines before the actual RewriteRule would do the trick:
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
Related
I've been working on this for weeks. I want to be able to use a friendly URL to pass variables to a PHP script. For example, if someone uses this URL:
https://example.com/foo/bar/who
I would like my PHP script to receive this:
https://example.com/index.php/?var1=foo&var2=bar&var3=who
The catch is that I ONLY want to do this rewrite when there are three vars in the path. If there are fewer or more than three, I do not want to rewrite the URL.
I've seen several other explanations related to this type of rewrite but nothing quite like this.
This is almost working, but not quite. I only want the rewrite done if there's something present for those first three variables. I know this is incomplete, but with this method at least the REQUEST_URI contains the values I can parse. But again, I only want to do this when there are three vars in the path.
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule !^index\.php/([^/]*)/([^/]*)/([^/]*)$ index.php [L]
Thank you.
You were pretty close, have it this way. Please make sure you clear your browser cache before testing your URLs. You had already created back references only thing you needed to use them, which I have added those now.
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^([^/]*)/([^/]*)/([^/]*)$ index.php?var1=$1&var2=$2&var3=$3 [L]
So I have an htaccess file in a subdirectory and whenever I try to rewrite the url, it redirects to the document_root and not the subdirectory where the htaccess resides. Now, under normal circumstances, I'd rewrite it with the path to the subdirectory with path/to/subdirectory, but I won't know what the exact path will be. Is there a way either, through an Apache environment variable or something else, to write out that path?
Edit:
Here's the .htaccess file so far.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
#RewriteRule (.*-file) a/b/c/$1.file
RewriteRule (.*-file) $1.file
So, I'm trying to, if the request contains the word file, I want to match the entire request prior to the word file and redirect there. This is so that if a request is to
example.com/a/b/c/file[any characters here].file
the request will be redirected to the right file. To reiterate, the problem is that I am trying to redirect within the subdirectory. So when I say Rewrite $1, I want that to include the entire request and not just what matched in the REQUEST_FILENAME. And the reason I need it to do that is because I can't simply put a/b/c/$1.file since I won't know for absolute certainty the a/b/c part.
Edit 2: Examples:
So, an example is that I'd send a request like:
example.com/a/b/c/fileacs.file
And want to redirect to:
example.com/a/b/c/file.file
Where I do not know a/b/c/. I have an actual regex and set of rules for the real-world use of this redirect, so don't mind the ridiculous nature of this example.
But currently it's redirecting to:
example.com/file.file
Which does not exist and even if it did, I do not want to redirect there. I've read about Rewrite Context, but can't find out anything substantial about it nor if it's the cause for this. Thank you, in advance.
You can use this rule to capture any path before fileacs.file and use that as bach-reference in RewriteRule:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond ^(.*)/file[^.]+\.file$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^ %1/file.file [L,R=302]
The solution is to use the a RewriteCond on the %{REQUEST_URI} (thanks anubhava!) that checks matches the entire request except for the %{REQUEST_FILENAME} without capturing it, using a lookahead. Write out this with the %1 followed by the desired filename. See the following:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (.*)-file(?!\.file) [NC]
RewriteRule ^ %1.file [L,R=301]
The %1 now holds the path up to the directory that the .htaccess is stored, plus any prefix to the filename. This doesn't match the remainder of the request, but rather looksahead to ensure you're not actually requesting the file you would like to redirect to (causing a loop).
I am writing a simple PHP-based MVC-ish framework. I want this framework to be able to be installed in any directory.
My PHP script grabs the request uri and breaks it off into segments. It makes segment 1 the controller and segment 2 the action. This goes all fine when I do this:
http://www.example.com/mvc/module/test/
It will go to the specific module controller and method. Now I have a default controller, the home controller, which is in folder home.
Now when I access this folder directly http://www.example.com/mvc/home/
It will display a 403 forbidden , because this folder does exist, instead it should also go back to http://www.example.com/mvc/index.php
If I would have installed the framework in a different folder, lets say folder framework it has to redirect back to http://www.example.com/framework/index.php
I would like to redirect every folder and php file back to the index.php, leaving everything else the way it is.
My first problem I encountered was it never redirects to the right folder, always to the domain root folder.
This is what I tried :
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule . index.php [L]
Your rewrite rule looks almost ok.
First make sure that your .htaccess file is in your document root (the same place as index.php) or it'll only affect the sub-folder it's in (and any sub-folders within that - recursively).
Next make a slight change to your rule so it looks something like:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?path=$1 [NC,L,QSA]
At the moment you're just matching on . which is one instance of any character, you need at least .* to match any number of instances of any character.
The $_GET['path'] variable will contain the fake directory structure, so /mvc/module/test for instance, which you can then use in index.php to determine the Controller and actions you want to perform.
If you want the whole shebang installed in a sub-directory, such as /mvc/ or /framework/ the least complicated way to do it is to change the rewrite rule slightly to take that into account.
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /mvc/index.php?path=$1 [NC,L,QSA]
And ensure that your index.php is in that folder whilst the .htaccess file is in the document root.
Alternative to $_GET['path'] (updated Feb '18 and Jan '19)
It's not actually necessary (nor even common now) to set the path as a $_GET variable, many frameworks will rely on $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] to retrieve the same information - normally to determine which Controller to use - but the principle is exactly the same.
This does simplify the RewriteRule slightly as you don't need to create the path parameter (which means the OP's original RewriteRule will now work):
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^.*$ /index.php [L,QSA]
However, the rule about installing in a sub-directory still applies, e.g.
RewriteRule ^.*$ /mvc/index.php [L,QSA]
The flags:
NC = No Case (not case sensitive, not really necessary since there are no characters in the pattern)
L = Last (it'll stop rewriting at after this Rewrite so make sure it's the last thing in your list of rewrites)
QSA = Query String Append, just in case you've got something like ?like=penguins on the end which you want to keep and pass to index.php.
To redirect everything that doesnt exist to index.php , you can also use the FallBackResource directive
FallbackResource /index.php
It works same as the ErrorDocument , when you request a non-existent path or file on the server, the directive silently forwords the request to index.php .
If you want to redirect everything (including existant files or folders ) to index.php , you can use something like the following :
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^((?!index\.php).+)$ /index.php [L]
Note the pattern ^((?!index\.php).+)$ matches any uri except index.php we have excluded the destination path to prevent infinite looping error.
There is one "trick" for this problem that fits all scenarios, a so obvious solution that you will have to try it to believe it actually works... :)
Here it is...
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [L,QSA]
</IfModule>
Basically, you are asking MOD_REWRITE to forward to index.php the URI request always when a file exists AND always when the requested file doesn't exist!
When investigating the source code of MOD-REWRITE to understand how it works I realized that all its checks always happen after the verification if the referenced file exists or not. Only then the RegEx are processed. Even when your URI points to a folder, Apache will enforce the check for the index files listed in its configuration file.
Based on that simple discovery, turned obvious a simple file validation would be enough for all possible calls, as far as we double-tap the file presence check and route both results to the same end-point, covering 100% of the possibilities.
IMPORTANT: Notice there is no "/" in index.php. By default, MOD_REWRITE will use the folder it is set as "base folder" for the forwarding. The beauty of it is that it doesn't necessarily need to be the "root folder" of the site, allowing this solution work for localhost/ and/or any subfolder you apply it.
Ultimately, some other solutions I tested before (the ones that appeared to be working fine) broke the PHP ability to "require" a file via its relative path, which is a bummer. Be careful.
Some people may say this is an inelegant solution. It may be, actually, but as far as tests, in several scenarios, several servers, several different Apache versions, etc., this solution worked 100% on all cases!
You can use something like this:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^.+$ /index.php [L]
This will redirect every query to the root directory's index.php. Note that it will also redirect queries for files that exist, such as images, javascript files or style sheets.
Silly answer but if you can't figure out why its not redirecting check that the following is enabled for the web folder ..
AllowOverride All
This will enable you to run htaccess which must be running! (there are alternatives but not on will cause problems https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#allowoverride)
just in case you were still wondering how to redirect all request either if the directory exists (for core framework folders and files) to the framework index handler, after some error/success attempts just noticed I just needed to change the RewriteCond in the .htaccess file
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
the above condition states "not found files" and "not found directories", ok, what if just remove "not found" (!-d) line, and ended with something like the below:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /framework/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /framework/index.php [L,QSA]
It worked for me like a charm
I just had to face the same kind of issue with my Laravel 7 project, in Debian 10 shared hosting. I have to add RewriteBase / to my .htaccess within /public/ directory. So the .htaccess looks a like
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^.*$ /index.php [L,QSA]
After doing that don't forget to change your href in,
home
Example:
.htaccess file
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^about/$ /about.php
PHP file:
about
sorry, but i'am less understand about url rewrite...
i want to rewrite my url from :
http://localhost/controller/index.php/user/edit
to
http://localhost/controller/user/edit
i can make it with this .htaccess :
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /controller/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [PT,L]
but, the rewrite works if there is no file exist at controller/user/edit.php
i want every request to under my controller/xxx is rewrited to controller/index.php/xxx whether the file is exist or not....
i have remove the RewriteCond so my current one is like this :
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /controller/
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [PT,L]
but, it shown internal service error..
There are a lot of things that don't make sense to me. Mainly, your question says to want to rewrite a URL having index.php in it to one that does not, but your rewrite rule, which you say works in some cases does the opposite, it pre-pends index.php to requests.
If you have access to your apache error and access log, you might see if there's more information about exactly at what point the error occurred -- was it when the .htaccess file was processed, or was it from within your php program?
I will assume that the goal here is to take "pretty" urls like /controller/user/edit and have the index.php program actually process the /user/edit part of the path.
If so, I think you may want to set the RewriteBase to /, and change your .htaccess to
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ controller/index.php/$1 [PT,L]
The RewriteBase / directive says that all requests are relative to the server's DOCUMENT_ROOT setting. The change to the rewrite rule instructs all requests to go to the directory controller and file index.php, appending the original requested path afterwards.
(Note: I don't think you want to use the PT flag in this case, and it would be better form to escape the . which is a regex operator as index\.php, but I think neither of these are relevant to the problem here)
It is not clear if you do want the / before the $1. If your PHP program (index.php) is getting called with it present, and knows how to handle it, then it's fine, but it's a little unusual, and there may be cases where you end up with multiple /'s from within the php program.
But do you really want to do this? The typical use of the RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f is to handle cases such as image files and css or javascript files that are static and need not be handled by your controller. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d depends on your system (but it's purpose to see that the request is not for a directory).
Anyway, the basic change as I proposed might help, but if not, perhaps you can clarify your intent and provide some actual URLs and a look inside index.php
I just setup a subdomain with the following RewriteCond:
RewriteCond $1 !^search.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^/?([^/]+)$ search.php?q=$1 [L,NS]
I'm using the same rewrite condition on my main domain and it works perfectly. However, when I set it up on the subdomain, it simply outputs "index.php" when going to http://sub.domain.com
Every page on the subdomain outputs the page name in the body instead of processing the code, except for the search page, which appears to be working correctly.
What can I do to correct this issue?
I haven't played with your exact regex with mod_rewrite, but if I was looking at writing that regex in another engine, I would have to escape the slash. Also, given that $ is used to indicate a back reference, would that need escaping too (would your $ symbols in the regex be necessary as there is likely to be more text in the URI and it is not matched at the end of a string)?
I would try
RewriteCond $1 !^search.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^/?([^\/]+)$ search.php?q=$1 [L,NS]
One other thing. Normally $ at the end of a regex means "only match if this is the end of the string". So from that, if RewriteCond is matching on ^search.php$ but the URL is search.php?q=... then I would think that this wouldn't match because search.php is not the end of the string. So that would look like the following (assuming you don't need to change anything else from your original).
RewriteCond $1 !^search.php
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^/?([^/]+)$ search.php?q=$1 [L,NS]
In the main config the path always begins with / and you need an absolute path:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^search.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^/([^/]+)$ %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/search.php?q=$1 [L]
In an .htaccess you need a RewriteBase which is stripped from the url (no / in the Rule now) and the path is relative.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^search.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^([^/]+)$ search.php?q=$1 [L]
Several things come to mind here:
I have a few suggestions/comments/gotchas. Hopefully one of them is useful to you:
Make sure search.php isn't just echoing out its $_GET parameters. While this sounds obvious in retrospect, it's one of the more overlooked solutions.
RewriteRule works slightly differently when you specify it in a server configuration file than if you specify it in an .htaccess. Specifically, ^/ is wrong in a server config version as the entire URL is used (http://sub.domain.com/blah).
Make sure no other rewrite rules are being processed for this subdomain first, either in the main httpd.conf / apache2.conf or .htaccess.
Make sure RewriteEngine On appears in your configuration, as it is activated per-VirtualHost.
The NS flag will ignore redirects done using a relative Redirect or relative RewriteRule.
It sounds like the pattern '^/?([^/]+)$' may not be matching at all.
I'd activate RewriteLog, crank RewriteLogLevel to level 3 or above, and see if your pattern is matching at all. If not, start with a simpler pattern, and then work your way to a more complex pattern.
Or, something else is matching the pattern, so the request never gets to 'RewriteRule ^/?([^/]+)$' at all. You will see this in the RewriteLog.
I believe I recently had a problem where '^/' didn't match in certain cases on a Virtual Host. But '/' worked. The folks in the #httpd on Freenode.org helped me. If I can find this in my notes, I'll post it here.