I'm developing an application using an existing database created in firebird. When I try to fetch some data from the database and show it in a view, rails shows me that error. I realized that the database doesn't have a charset, charset = none! So, i'm trying to figure out what the problem is and how to solve it. I have to mention that the database can't be modified because it is a production database of another application. Rails only shows the error when the query gets data with tildes (´), else it doesn't have problems. This is the error I got:
Encoding::CompatibilityError in People#index
Showing /home/guillermo/Proyecto/dcerp/app/views/people/index.html.erb where line #57 raised:
incompatible character encodings: UTF-8 and ASCII-8BIT
Extracted source (around line #57):
54: <% #abanits.each do |abanit| %>
55: <tr>
56: <td><%= abanit.init %></td>
57: <td><%= abanit.ntercero %></td>
58: </tr>
59: <% end %>
60: </tbody>
Rails.root: /home/guillermo/Proyecto/dcerp
ntercero is the field with the issue
I hope you can help me to solve this problem. If there is information missing just let me know. I'm going crazy! Thanks from now.
I already fixed the issue. I just added the encode function to the line: <td><%= abanit.ntercero %></td> and now it looks like this: <td><%= abanit.ntercero.encode('UTF-8', 'iso-8859-1') %></td>. The problem came up because the encode didn't recognize the latin alphabet that includes: ñ, ó, í, á, etc. I hope this can help other people. Thanks!
Related
My XPath is Computer Science and Creativity. In Selenium IDE how can I locate the 1st alphabet in Computer? Thanks
In selenium IDE you can use JavaScript to extract 1st alphabet in a link text. Here are the steps for this:
Store the entire link text using storeText command. For example, this question's link text "How to find 1st alphabet of a link"
<tr>
<td>storeText</td>
<td>css=a.question-hyperlink</td>
<td>ftext</td>
</tr>
Then use storeEval command and a JavaScript to extract 1st char of a link text - in this example, it will extract 1st char "H" and stores it in variable firstAlpha
<tr>
<td>storeEval</td>
<td>storedVars['ftext'].charAt(0)</td>
<td>firstAlpha</td>
</tr>
Now you can use this variable that containing 1st char of a link text in another step/command, here I am just printing in log.
<tr>
<td>echo</td>
<td>${firstAlpha}</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
I know there are many questions about rails and encoding out there, but I haven't been able to find anything about this specific question.
I have a Ruby on Rails application using rails 3.1.3 and running under Jruby 1.6.7. We have support for both English and French - and we use the I18n library/gem to accomplish this.
Sample translation file parts:
#---- config/locales/en.yml ----
en:
button_label_verify: "Verify"
#---- config/locales/fr.yml ----
fr:
button_label_verify: "Vérifier"
In certain cases I am getting the following encoding error:
Internal Server Error: Encoding::CompatibilityError incompatible character encodings: UTF-8 and ASCII-8BIT
Case 1:
#---- app/views/_view_page.html.erb ----
.....
<h3><%= get_button_label() %></h3>
....
#---- app/helpers/page_helper.rb ----
def get_button_label
return I18n.t(:button_label_verify)
end
This works - there are no encoding errors and translations between French and English work just fine.
Case 2:
#---- app/views/_view_page.html.erb ----
.....
<h3><%= get_button_label() %></h3>
....
#---- app/helpers/page_helper.rb ----
def get_button_label
return "#{I18n.t(:button_label_verify)}"
end
This however does not work. The only difference is the value being returned includes strings with computed code in the string as opposed to something like
return "string " + I18n.t(:button_label_verify)
Note: The above causes no errors either - the encoding issue is only when the computed I18n translation is in the quotes.
Case 3:
#---- app/views/_view_page.html.erb ----
.....
<h3><%= "#{I18n.t(:button_label_verify)}" %></h3>
....
This causes no error... so the problem seems to somehow be related to the dynamic code (with French characters) within the string, on top of printing out a string returned from a helper function.
I know how to work around this/fix it - but what I am wondering is if anyone can provide some insight into why it is this way - is it this way for any good reason? IMO, when you get to low level - printing out a string is printing out a string, so I don't understand how one way causes and error and another way doesn't.
Putting
#encoding: utf-8
at the top of your files containing ascii-extended characters should fix encoding related issues (at elast the one coming from project files ...)
I couldn't tell why it doesn't work on a helper when using interpolation though ...
Sometimes you need to set the KCODE environment variable for the file (this is important for ruby 1.8 compatibility):
# encoding: UTF-8
$KCODE = 'UTF8' unless RUBY_VERSION >= '1.9'
It could also be that your files are not encoded in UTF-8. For that you need more than just the plaintext header. In Eclipse it is hidden under Preferences -> General -> Editors -> Spelling and for Notepad and most Windows programs when when you Save As the file. The enca command is one way of doing it on Linux but I'm sure there are others. I can't count the times I have seen a file say it is UTF-8 but it is actually some other encoding because UTF-8 functions like ASCII for 8-bit characters so you don't often notice the problem until you check the headers in a HEX editor.
Please take some time to read about file encoding:
The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets
Why perl doesn't use UTF-8
Every character has a story #4: U+feff (alternate title: UTF-8 is the BOM, dude!)
This is incredibly important to get right and it can save you a lot of pain later when you port to East Asian languages (you should always plan to do this!)
I there, I'm new to ruby (and rails) and having som problems when using Swedish letters in strings. In my action a create a instance variable like this:
#title = "Välkommen"
And I get the following error:
invalid multibyte char (US-ASCII)
syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting keyword_end
#title = "Välkommen"
^
What's happening?
EDIT: If I add:
# coding: utf-8
at the top of my controller it works. Why is that and how can I slove this "issue"?
See Joel spolsky's article "The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!)".
To quote the part that answers this questions concisely
The Single Most Important Fact About Encodings
If you completely forget everything I just explained, please remember
one extremely important fact. It does not make sense to have a string
without knowing what encoding it uses. You can no longer stick your
head in the sand and pretend that "plain" text is ASCII.
This is why you must tell ruby what encoding is used in your file. Since the encoding is not marked in some sort of metadata associated with your file, some software assumed ASCII until it knows better. Ruby 1.9 probably does so until your comment when it will stop, and restart reading the file now decoding it as utf-8.
Obviously, if you used some other Unicode encoding or some more local encoding for your ruby file, you would need to change the comment to indicate the correct encoding.
The "magic comment" in Ruby 1.9 (on which Rails 3 is based) tells the interpreter what encoding to expect. It is important because in Ruby 1.9, every string has an encoding. Prior to 1.9, every string was just a sequence of bytes.
A very good description of the issue is in James Gray's series of blog posts on Ruby and Unicode. The one that is exactly relevant to your question is http://blog.grayproductions.net/articles/ruby_19s_three_default_encodings (but see the others because they are very good).
The important line from the article:
The first is the main rule of source Encodings: source files receive a US-ASCII Encoding, unless you say otherwise.
There are several places that can cause problems with utf-8 encoding.
but some tricks are to solve this problem:
make sure that every file in your project is utf-8 based (if you
are using rad rails, this is simple to accomplish: mark your project,
select properties, in the "text-file-encoding" box, select "other:
utf-8")
Be sure to put in your strange "å,ä,ö" characters in your files again
or you'll get a mysql error, because it will change your "å,ä,ö" to a
"square" (unknown character)
in your databases.yml set for each server environment (in this
example "development" with mysql)
development:
adapter: mysql
encoding: utf8
set a before filter in your application controller
(application.rb):
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
before_filter :set_charset
def set_charset
#headers["Content-Type"] = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
end
end
be sure to set the encoding to utf-8 in your mysql (I've only used
mysql.. so I don't know about other databases) for every table. If you
use mySQL Administrator you can do like this: edit table, press the
"table option" tab, change charset to "utf8" and collation to
"utf8_general_ci"
( Courtsey : kombatsanta )
When I'm saying:
%p= item.price + " dollars"
I'm getting
50  ;dollars
instead of having non-breakable space symbol.
How to insert this and another special symbols using HAML ?
How about
%p= item.price + " dollars".html_safe
Use != instead of =
See "Unescaping HTML" in the haml reference: http://haml.info/docs/yardoc/file.REFERENCE.html#unescaping_html
The interpolation option:
%p= "#{item.price} dollars".html_safe
I tried using html_safe in different ways, but none worked. Using \xa0 as suggested by ngn didn't work, either, but it got me to try the Unicode escape of the non-breaking space, which did work:
"FOO\u00a0BAR"
and .html_safe isn't even needed (unless something else in the string needs that, of course).
The Ruby Programming Language, first edition, says: "In Ruby 1.9, double-quoted strings can include arbitrary Unicode escape characters with \u escapes. In its simplest form, \u is followed by exactly four hexadecimal digits ..."
This answer is for a slightly different question but I found this question searching for it...
If you have a submit tag %input{ :type => "submit", :value => " dollars", :name => "very_contrived" } even if you throw an html_safe on the :value it will not evaluate the html.
The solution is to use the rails helper... duh
= submit_tag " dollars".html_safe
this is pretty obvious but it tripped me up. Legacy code + rails upgrade = this kind of stuff :P
You could use \xa0 in the string instead of . 0xa0 is the ASCII code of the non-breaking space.
I prefer using the character itself with the escaped HTML method with most symbols other than the whitespace characters. That way i don't have to remember all the html codes. As for the whitespace characters i prefer to use CSS, this is a much cleaner way.
%p&= "#{item.price} $%&#*#"
I am interested in creating a website in Hebrew using Ruby on Rails 3. The problem is when I put Hebrew into my view I am told that it is not supported and I should add UTF-8.
I've been working on this for a while and I Can't seem to find how to do this. I am also using Sqlite3 and I would like to save Hebrew strings there too.
How would I achieve this?
The error code I am given is:
Your template was not saved as valid UTF-8. Please either specify UTF-8 as the encoding for your template in your text editor, or mark the template with its encoding by inserting the following as the first line of the template:...
Edit:
Problem was I was working on Notepad++ which did not save my files in UTF-8 format although they were UTF-8 formated files. Solved by changing file format.
If you are using notepad++, first set the encoding to "Encode in UTF-8" and then start coding. If you have already created/saved the file then just changing the encoding type will not do. You will have to keep a copy of the existing code, then delete the existing file, open notepad++, set the encoding first(Encode in UTF-8) and then start writing/copying the code to it. This way utf-8 encoding is ensured and you won't have to put "# encoding: UTF-8" at the top of your file.
You should try adding on the first line of your .rb files the following:
# encoding: utf-8
and on the first line of your .erb
<%# encoding: utf-8 %>
encoding: utf-8 and coding: utf-8 and are equivalent.
Hope this helps.
Make sure that in your database configurations utf-8 is the default character set, and not latin1.
If you use MySQL change it in the "MySQL Server Instance Config Wizard".
EDIT: Try putting this code in your application controller:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
before_filter :set_charset
def set_charset
#headers["Content-Type"] = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
end
end
read more on this article: http://www.dotmana.com/?p=95
you can put
config.encoding = "utf-8"
in your config/application.rb which is equivalent to
Encoding.default_external = Encoding::UTF_8
Encoding.default_internal = Encoding::UTF_8
which in turn is the equivalent to putting:
# encoding: UTF-8
or a BOM at the top of every file.
This allows utf-8 globally on all files of the rails app.
If you want a global option on all ruby files, you can use the -Ku ruby option and set it via the RUBYOPT environment variable, like:
export RUBYOPT=-Ku
This might be caused by the file encoding itself. Make sure you have set UTF-8 as default encoding for project in your editor/IDE preferences.
Edit:
You can check file for encoding with:
file -I myview.erb.html
(that's a capital 'i').