Bigquery query to find the column names of a table - sql

Question

I need a query to find column names of a table (table metadata) in Bigquery, like the following query in SQL:
SELECT column_name,data_type,data_length,data_precision,nullable FROM all_tab_cols where table_name ='EMP';

Answer 1

BigQuery now supports information schema.
Suppose you have a dataset named MY_PROJECT.MY_DATASET and a table named MY_TABLE, then you can run the following query:
SELECT column_name
FROM MY_PROJECT.MY_DATASET.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE table_name = 'MY_TABLE'

Answer 2

Yes you can get table metadata using INFORMATION_SCHEMA.
One of the examples mentioned in the past link retrieves metadata from the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_FIELD_PATHS view for the commits table in the github_repos dataset, you just have to
Open the BigQuery web UI in the GCP Console.
Enter the following standard SQL query in the Query editor box. INFORMATION_SCHEMA requires standard SQL syntax. Standard SQL is the default syntax in the GCP Console.
SELECT
*
FROM
`bigquery-public-data`.github_repos.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_FIELD_PATHS
WHERE
table_name="commits"
AND column_name="author"
OR column_name="difference"
Note: INFORMATION_SCHEMA view names are case-sensitive.
Click Run.
The results should look like the following
+------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| table_name | column_name | field_path | data_type | description |
+------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+
| commits | author | author | STRUCT<name STRING, email STRING, time_sec INT64, tz_offset INT64, date TIMESTAMP> | NULL |
| commits | author | author.name | STRING | NULL |
| commits | author | author.email | STRING | NULL |
| commits | author | author.time_sec | INT64 | NULL |
| commits | author | author.tz_offset | INT64 | NULL |
| commits | author | author.date | TIMESTAMP | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference | ARRAY<STRUCT<old_mode INT64, new_mode INT64, old_path STRING, new_path STRING, old_sha1 STRING, new_sha1 STRING, old_repo STRING, new_repo STRING>> | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference.old_mode | INT64 | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference.new_mode | INT64 | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference.old_path | STRING | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference.new_path | STRING | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference.old_sha1 | STRING | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference.new_sha1 | STRING | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference.old_repo | STRING | NULL |
| commits | difference | difference.new_repo | STRING | NULL |
+------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+

Answer 3

For newbies like me, the above is of the following syntax:
select * from project_name.dataset_name.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where table_catalog=project_name and table_schema=dataset_name and table_name=table_name

Answer 4

Update: This is now possible! See the INFORMATION SCHEMA docs and the answers below.
Answer, circa 2012:
It's not currently possible to retrieve table metadata (i.e. column names and types) via a query, though this isn't the first time it's been requested.
Is there a reason you need to do this as a query? Table metadata is available via the tables API.

Answer 5

Actually it is possible to do so using SQL. To do so you need to query the logging table for the last log of this particular table being created.
For example, assuming the table is loaded/created daily:
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION jsonSchemaStringToArray(jsonSchema String)
RETURNS ARRAY<STRING> AS ((
SELECT
SPLIT(
REGEXP_REPLACE(REPLACE(LTRIM(jsonSchema,'{ '),'"fields": [',''), r'{[^{]+"name": "([^\"]+)"[^}]+}[, ]*', '\\1,')
,',')
));
WITH valid_schema_columns AS (
WITH array_output aS (SELECT
jsonSchemaStringToArray(jsonSchema) AS column_names
FROM (
SELECT
protoPayload.serviceData.jobInsertRequest.resource.jobConfiguration.load.schemaJson AS jsonSchema
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY metadata.timestamp DESC) AS record_count
FROM `realself-main.bigquery_logging.cloudaudit_googleapis_com_data_access_20170101`
WHERE
protoPayload.serviceData.jobInsertRequest.resource.jobConfiguration.load.destinationTable.tableId = '<table_name>'
AND
protoPayload.serviceData.jobInsertRequest.resource.jobConfiguration.load.destinationTable.datasetId = '<schema_name>'
AND
protoPayload.serviceData.jobInsertRequest.resource.jobConfiguration.load.createDisposition = 'CREATE_IF_NEEDED'
) AS t
WHERE
t.record_count = 1 -- grab the latest entry
)
-- this is actually what UNNESTS the array into standard rows
SELECT
valid_column_name
FROM array_output
LEFT JOIN UNNEST(column_names) AS valid_column_name
)

Answer 6

To Check column, You can access your table Through CLI Easy and simple to find
bq query --use_legacy_sql=false 'select Hour, sum(column 1) as column from `project_id.dataset.table_name` where Date(Hour) = '2020-06-10';'