I am attempting to move a character using the "asdw" keys in a game, but I cannot find a way to constantly input data without pressing return. I have seen that on windows there is a module called msvcrt, which has a getch function, so I am wondering if there is a way to simulate this in OSX, or more simply to just constantly input data from the keyboard.
Try the curses library:
http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/curses.html
Curses is a library for controlling the terminal, and includes features such as drawing box shapes as well. It's available on any POSIX-compatible system, which includes Mac OS X and GNU/Linux.
Here's an example:
import curses
import time
# Turn off line buffering
curses.cbreak()
# Initialize the terminal
win = curses.initscr()
# Make getch() non-blocking
win.nodelay(True)
while True:
key = win.getch()
if key != -1:
print('Pressed key', key)
time.sleep(0.01)
You can use Turtle to do something like this:
import turtle
Sc = turtle.Screen()
Sc.setup(width=0, height=0) #this hides turtle's windows
def a(): #that's the function that you want to run when the key is pressed
#code here
Sc.listen() #this tells the program to listen
for a keypress
Sc.onkey("#The key here", #the function call here) #this tells the program
What function to call when a certain key is pressed
# An example of pressing the key "w"
Sc.onkey("w", a)
Related
I have Linux application written with ncurses. I'm trying to automate it using pexpect but without success.
I can spawn an application and can work with output but I can't send arrow down key:
import pexpect
import time
import sys, os
os.environ['LINES'] = "25"
os.environ['COLUMNS'] = "80"
child=pexpect.spawn("my_ncurses_app", maxread=4000, encoding="utf-8")
child.logfile=sys.stdout
child.setwinsize(25,80)
KEY_DOWN = '\033[B'
#close button appears on screen, After that I want to press down key twice and enter
child.expect("Close")
#ncurses_app sees KEY_DOWN as 3 different keys \033, [, B
child.send(KEY_DOWN)
child.send(KEY_DOWN)
child.sendline()
#ncurses_app sees enter as Int(10)
It works perfect for other CLI applications, but not for my.
Debugging shows what instead of 1 arrow down symbol application sees 3 different keys.
How I can send KEY_DOWN as one symbol? Possibly I should use smth other instead of pexpect, smth with low-level interaction with processes?
how can I learn this before connecting anything.
example
does_signal_exist(widget, signal):
pass
button = Gtk.Button()
does_signal_exist(button, "clicked") # returns True
does_signal_exist(button, "hello") # returns False
does_signal_exist(button, "unboxed") # returns False
does_signal_exist(button, "button-press-event") # returns True
There's a wondrous tool called 'manual' or 'reference'. Look for the Gtk-3.0 manual, and click on Classes, and look for Gtk.Button. Look for Signals. If not there you can do the same for the signals inherited from previous Objects.
Using help(button or even help(Gtk.Button) (inside Python3, either in interactive or in a program), you have access to all methods, and lots of other information about the class and the instance.
Using the manual mentioned above, check out the GiRepository module - these are functions which you can use to look inside Gtk, its classes and properties.
And you can just check if it works: Use try:/except: to check if you can actually connect to the signal/event you are interested in.
def does_signal_exist(gtkWidgetObj, sigTag):
try:
gtkWidgetObj.emit(sigTag)
return True
except:
return "unknown signal name" not in format_exc():
So I have a game client with 2 input fields: id pass and 1 button: login.
My login credentials are: $id=1234 and $pass=a_bCd.
I'm using AutoIT scripting to automate the login process (my script automatically inputs the id and pass in the login fields) and my AutoLogin() function looks like:
send($id + "{tab}")
Sleep(10)
send($pass + "{enter}")
Sometimes it works fine, but sometimes my script introduces 1234a- or 1234a_ in the ID field and the rest of the characters in the pass field. I tried many solutions like controlsend("Game","","","1234{tab}a_bCd{enter}"), or changing sleep() values, etc. but the input still goes wrong sometimes. Figured the send delay or sleep would have the problem, still don't know what to do.
Manually inserting the id and pass works properly. What would be a good solving of this problem? Thanks
I have had the same troubles with send. This post on autoitscript.com may help you with WinAPI_Keybd_Event() (documentation here):
#include <WinAPISys.au3>
_WinAPI_Keybd_Event(0x11, 0) # Push CTRL down
_WinAPI_Keybd_Event(0x11, 2) # Lift CTRL up again
This helped me with my problems.
NOTE: Sometimes, when your script breaks because of an error, it may happen that one of the keys on your keyboard is still pressed (i.e. pushed down but never lifted up). I use the on-screen keyboard that is integrated in Windows for these moments...
2 Solutions:
You add Strings with &:
send($id & "{tab}")
send($pass & "{enter}")
If that does not work just separate it:
send($id)
send("{tab}")
send($pass)
send("{enter}")
And you don't need that sleep
I'm creating a web-based interface for a number of different command line executables, and am using cherrypy behind apache (using mod_rewrite). I'm very new to this, and am having difficulty getting things configured properly. On my development machine, everything works reasonable well, but when I installed the code on a second machine I can't get anything to work properly.
The basic workflow for the applications is: 1. upload a dataset, 2. process the data (using python with some calls to executables using subprocess.call), 3. display the results on the web page.
After uploading and processing one dataset, everytime I attempt to process a second dataset the system stops responding. I'm not seeing any output in the terminal from the cherrypy process, or in the site log that shows any errors have occurred.
I'm starting cherrypy with the following conf file:
[global]
environment: 'production'
log.error_file: 'logs/site.log'
log.screen: True
tools.sessions.on: True
tools.session.storage_type: "file"
tools.session.storage_path: "sessions/"
tools.sessions.timeout: 60
tools.auth.on: True
tools.caching.on: False
server.socket_host: '0.0.0.0'
server.max_request_body_size: 0
server.socket_timeout: 60
server.thread_pool: 20
server.socket_queue_size: 10
engine.autoreload.on:True
My init.py file:
import cherrypy
import os
import string
from os.path import exists, join
from os import pathsep
from string import split
from mako.template import Template
from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup
from auth import AuthController, require, member_of, name_is
from twopoint import TwoPoint
current_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
lookup = TemplateLookup(directories=[current_dir + '/templates'])
def findInSubdirectory(filename, subdirectory=''):
if subdirectory:
path = subdirectory
else:
path = os.getcwd()
for root, dirs, names in os.walk(path):
if filename in names:
return os.path.join(root, filename)
return None
class Root:
#cherrypy.expose
#require()
def index(self):
tmpl = lookup.get_template("main.html")
return tmpl.render(usr=WebUtils.getUserName(),source="")
if __name__=='__main__':
conf_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
conf_path = os.path.join(conf_path, "prod.conf")
cherrypy.config.update(conf_path)
cherrypy.config.update({'server.socket_host': '127.0.0.1',
'server.socket_port': 8080});
def nocache():
cherrypy.response.headers['Cache-Control']='no-cache,no-store,must-revalidate'
cherrypy.response.headers['Pragma']='no-cache'
cherrypy.response.headers['Expires']='0'
cherrypy.tools.nocache = cherrypy.Tool('before_finalize',nocache)
cherrypy.config.update({'tools.nocache.on':'True'})
cherrypy.tree.mount(Root(), '/')
cherrypy.tree.mount(TwoPoint(), '/twopoint')
cherrypy.engine.start()
cherrypy.engine.block()
For one example where this occurs, I've got the following javascript function that calls my python code:
function compTwoPoint(dataset,orig){
// call python code to generate images
$.post("/twopoint/compTwoPoint/"+dataset,
function(result){
res=jQuery.parseJSON(result);
if(res.success==true){
showTwoPoint(res.path,orig);
}
else{
alert(res.exception);
$('#display_loading').html("");
}
});
}
This calls the python code:
def twopoint(in_matrix):
"""proprietary code, can't share"""
def twopoint_file(in_file_name,out_file_name):
k = imread(in_file_name);
figure()
imshow(twopoint(k))
colorbar()
savefig(out_file_name,bbox_inches="tight")
close()
class TwoPoint:
#cherrypy.expose
def compTwoPoint(self,dataset):
try:
fnames=WebUtils.dataFileNames(dataset)
twopoint_file(fnames['filepath'],os.path.join(fnames['savebase'],"twopt.png"))
return encoder.iterencode({"success": True})
These functions work together to give the expected result. The problem is that after processing one input file, I am unable to process a second file. I don't seem to get a response from the server.
On the machine where things are working, I'm running python 2.7.6 and cherrypy 3.2.3. On the second machine, I have python 2.7.7 and cherrypy 3.3.0. While this may explain the difference in behavior, I'd like to find a way to make my code portable enough to overcome the difference in version (going from older to newer)
I'm not sure what the problem is, or even what to search for. I would appreciate any guidance or help you can offer.
(edit: Digging a bit more, I discovered something is happening with matplotlib. if I put print statments before and after the figure() command in twopoint_file, only the first one prints. Calling this function directly from a python interpreter (removing cherrypy from the equation) I get the following error:
can't invoke "event" command: application has been destroyed while executing "event generate $w{{ThemeChanged}}"
procedure "ttk::ThemeChanged" line 6 invoked from within "ttk::ThemeChanged"
end edit)
I don't understand what this error means, and haven't had much luck searching.
Old question, but I got the same problem which I fixed by changing backend in Matplotlib:
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("qt4agg")
I got many scripts. I want to be able to manage them all in 1 in script.
What I want is that the main script will activate a certain script, then when the secondary script is done, it returns a value to the main script. After that, the main script calls another secondary script, etc...
Is there a proper way to do this?
More precise question:
Is it possible to activate a AHK script from another script AHK?
At the moment, to detect that at a secondary script is complete, the way I currently use is that right before the end of the secondary script, I press a combinaison of keys that the main script will detect. And once detected, it will increase a main script variable by one and this will trigger the activation of the next script. Is there a better way to achieve this?
The main script could call the other scripts using RunWait. The scripts could then communicate back before terminating themselves.
The best option for communication would be to use OnMessage.
The following is a working example from the documentation:
; Example: Send a string of any length from one script to another. This is a working example.
; To use it, save and run both of the following scripts then press Win+Space to show an
; InputBox that will prompt you to type in a string.
; Save the following script as "Receiver.ahk" then launch it:
#SingleInstance
OnMessage(0x4a, "Receive_WM_COPYDATA") ; 0x4a is WM_COPYDATA
return
Receive_WM_COPYDATA(wParam, lParam)
{
StringAddress := NumGet(lParam + 2*A_PtrSize) ; Retrieves the CopyDataStruct's lpData member.
CopyOfData := StrGet(StringAddress) ; Copy the string out of the structure.
; Show it with ToolTip vs. MsgBox so we can return in a timely fashion:
ToolTip %A_ScriptName%`nReceived the following string:`n%CopyOfData%
return true ; Returning 1 (true) is the traditional way to acknowledge this message.
}
; Save the following script as "Sender.ahk" then launch it. After that, press the Win+Space hotkey.
TargetScriptTitle = Receiver.ahk ahk_class AutoHotkey
#space:: ; Win+Space hotkey. Press it to show an InputBox for entry of a message string.
InputBox, StringToSend, Send text via WM_COPYDATA, Enter some text to Send:
if ErrorLevel ; User pressed the Cancel button.
return
result := Send_WM_COPYDATA(StringToSend, TargetScriptTitle)
if result = FAIL
MsgBox SendMessage failed. Does the following WinTitle exist?:`n%TargetScriptTitle%
else if result = 0
MsgBox Message sent but the target window responded with 0, which may mean it ignored it.
return
Send_WM_COPYDATA(ByRef StringToSend, ByRef TargetScriptTitle) ; ByRef saves a little memory in this case.
; This function sends the specified string to the specified window and returns the reply.
; The reply is 1 if the target window processed the message, or 0 if it ignored it.
{
VarSetCapacity(CopyDataStruct, 3*A_PtrSize, 0) ; Set up the structure's memory area.
; First set the structure's cbData member to the size of the string, including its zero terminator:
SizeInBytes := (StrLen(StringToSend) + 1) * (A_IsUnicode ? 2 : 1)
NumPut(SizeInBytes, CopyDataStruct, A_PtrSize) ; OS requires that this be done.
NumPut(&StringToSend, CopyDataStruct, 2*A_PtrSize) ; Set lpData to point to the string itself.
Prev_DetectHiddenWindows := A_DetectHiddenWindows
Prev_TitleMatchMode := A_TitleMatchMode
DetectHiddenWindows On
SetTitleMatchMode 2
SendMessage, 0x4a, 0, &CopyDataStruct,, %TargetScriptTitle% ; 0x4a is WM_COPYDATA. Must use Send not Post.
DetectHiddenWindows %Prev_DetectHiddenWindows% ; Restore original setting for the caller.
SetTitleMatchMode %Prev_TitleMatchMode% ; Same.
return ErrorLevel ; Return SendMessage's reply back to our caller.
}
Well, I'm not sure why you'd want to make one script run another one... but here are a few other methods:
Include a script in another one
but, you know you can include a script inside another one, right? That is, you can use another scripts functions in your main script.
Make sure a particular script is loaded
"I got many scripts" too. Sometimes I need to make sure that a particular one is included before I can use it, so I put this at the top:
;make sure core.ahk is loaded since it is required
#include c:\ahk\core.ahk
And you don't have to worry about it getting included more than once (unless you need it) because:
#Include ensures that FileName is included only once, even if multiple inclusions are encountered for it. By contrast, #IncludeAgain allows
multiple inclusions of the same file, while being the same as #Include
in all other respects.
Now, when I include file.ahk in main.ahk, I am assured of no problems using the functions from core.ahk that file.ahk requires. And even if I include core.ahk again in main.ahk it is no worry (unless it contains subroutines instead of just functions - in which case they get run at the point where they were included, so it's best not to put subroutines in your ahk libraries).
Use good ole' RUN on Scripts
Aside from that, you know you can always use the run command to launch an ahk script. You don't have to do all that fancy WM_SENDMESSAGE stuff.
Communicate betweenst scripts using a hidden GUI
Another way for two scripts to communicate between each other is for script #1 to keep open a hidden GUI window that has an edit box and a submit button. This window will never be shown. Now, Script #2 hunts for that message box, uses send to put a string in the edit box, and then control-click to push the submit button. Now script #1 has just received input from script #2. And you don't even have to hunt for the window if you put the windows hwnd value in both scripts (so they already know it ahead of time). This works like a charm.
Tell if a script has completed
If you use ahk's run command, there is an parameter that will give you back the PID of that process (PID = Process ID). You can use this PID to check to see if the script is running, and you can use it to terminate the process.
Also, if you use runwait - the script using that command will pause and wait for the runn-ed process to complete and close before continuing.
theoretically you could also use a file object between the scripts as a sort of stdin/stdout method as when opening a file with the file object you can set it as shared.
You could also set an environment variable and pass the name of the variable to the script ,given that you have setup argument handling in the target script, which then sets the environment variable value on closing. using RunWait and this you could find out what the return result of the script is after it runs.
Lastly, look into using a function as that is probably the "best practice" for what you are trying to do. Since a function can do anything a script can do and you can pass it an array to operate on or with using ByRef on the array param. This would mean that you don't have to write in a bunch of parameters when writing the function and the variables would release memory once the function is complete, automatically. You can even write your functions in a separate file and use #Include to use them in your script.