I'd like to 'fake' a 404 page in Rails. In PHP, I would just send a header with the error code as such:
header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
How is that done with Rails?
Don't render 404 yourself, there's no reason to; Rails has this functionality built in already. If you want to show a 404 page, create a render_404 method (or not_found as I called it) in ApplicationController like this:
def not_found
raise ActionController::RoutingError.new('Not Found')
end
Rails also handles AbstractController::ActionNotFound, and ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound the same way.
This does two things better:
1) It uses Rails' built in rescue_from handler to render the 404 page, and
2) it interrupts the execution of your code, letting you do nice things like:
user = User.find_by_email(params[:email]) or not_found
user.do_something!
without having to write ugly conditional statements.
As a bonus, it's also super easy to handle in tests. For example, in an rspec integration test:
# RSpec 1
lambda {
visit '/something/you/want/to/404'
}.should raise_error(ActionController::RoutingError)
# RSpec 2+
expect {
get '/something/you/want/to/404'
}.to raise_error(ActionController::RoutingError)
And minitest:
assert_raises(ActionController::RoutingError) do
get '/something/you/want/to/404'
end
OR refer more info from Rails render 404 not found from a controller action
HTTP 404 Status
To return a 404 header, just use the :status option for the render method.
def action
# here the code
render :status => 404
end
If you want to render the standard 404 page you can extract the feature in a method.
def render_404
respond_to do |format|
format.html { render :file => "#{Rails.root}/public/404", :layout => false, :status => :not_found }
format.xml { head :not_found }
format.any { head :not_found }
end
end
and call it in your action
def action
# here the code
render_404
end
If you want the action to render the error page and stop, simply use a return statement.
def action
render_404 and return if params[:something].blank?
# here the code that will never be executed
end
ActiveRecord and HTTP 404
Also remember that Rails rescues some ActiveRecord errors, such as the ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound displaying the 404 error page.
It means you don't need to rescue this action yourself
def show
user = User.find(params[:id])
end
User.find raises an ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound when the user doesn't exist. This is a very powerful feature. Look at the following code
def show
user = User.find_by_email(params[:email]) or raise("not found")
# ...
end
You can simplify it by delegating to Rails the check. Simply use the bang version.
def show
user = User.find_by_email!(params[:email])
# ...
end
The newly Selected answer submitted by Steven Soroka is close, but not complete. The test itself hides the fact that this is not returning a true 404 - it's returning a status of 200 - "success". The original answer was closer, but attempted to render the layout as if no failure had occurred. This fixes everything:
render :text => 'Not Found', :status => '404'
Here's a typical test set of mine for something I expect to return 404, using RSpec and Shoulda matchers:
describe "user view" do
before do
get :show, :id => 'nonsense'
end
it { should_not assign_to :user }
it { should respond_with :not_found }
it { should respond_with_content_type :html }
it { should_not render_template :show }
it { should_not render_with_layout }
it { should_not set_the_flash }
end
This healthy paranoia allowed me to spot the content-type mismatch when everything else looked peachy :) I check for all these elements: assigned variables, response code, response content type, template rendered, layout rendered, flash messages.
I'll skip the content type check on applications that are strictly html...sometimes. After all, "a skeptic checks ALL the drawers" :)
http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/1998-01-20/
FYI: I don't recommend testing for things that are happening in the controller, ie "should_raise". What you care about is the output. My tests above allowed me to try various solutions, and the tests remain the same whether the solution is raising an exception, special rendering, etc.
You could also use the render file:
render file: "#{Rails.root}/public/404.html", layout: false, status: 404
Where you can choose to use the layout or not.
Another option is to use the Exceptions to control it:
raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Record not found."
The selected answer doesn't work in Rails 3.1+ as the error handler was moved to a middleware (see github issue).
Here's the solution I found which I'm pretty happy with.
In ApplicationController:
unless Rails.application.config.consider_all_requests_local
rescue_from Exception, with: :handle_exception
end
def not_found
raise ActionController::RoutingError.new('Not Found')
end
def handle_exception(exception=nil)
if exception
logger = Logger.new(STDOUT)
logger.debug "Exception Message: #{exception.message} \n"
logger.debug "Exception Class: #{exception.class} \n"
logger.debug "Exception Backtrace: \n"
logger.debug exception.backtrace.join("\n")
if [ActionController::RoutingError, ActionController::UnknownController, ActionController::UnknownAction].include?(exception.class)
return render_404
else
return render_500
end
end
end
def render_404
respond_to do |format|
format.html { render template: 'errors/not_found', layout: 'layouts/application', status: 404 }
format.all { render nothing: true, status: 404 }
end
end
def render_500
respond_to do |format|
format.html { render template: 'errors/internal_server_error', layout: 'layouts/application', status: 500 }
format.all { render nothing: true, status: 500}
end
end
and in application.rb:
config.after_initialize do |app|
app.routes.append{ match '*a', :to => 'application#not_found' } unless config.consider_all_requests_local
end
And in my resources (show, edit, update, delete):
#resource = Resource.find(params[:id]) or not_found
This could certainly be improved, but at least, I have different views for not_found and internal_error without overriding core Rails functions.
these will help you...
Application Controller
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
protect_from_forgery
unless Rails.application.config.consider_all_requests_local
rescue_from ActionController::RoutingError, ActionController::UnknownController, ::AbstractController::ActionNotFound, ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: lambda { |exception| render_error 404, exception }
end
private
def render_error(status, exception)
Rails.logger.error status.to_s + " " + exception.message.to_s
Rails.logger.error exception.backtrace.join("\n")
respond_to do |format|
format.html { render template: "errors/error_#{status}",status: status }
format.all { render nothing: true, status: status }
end
end
end
Errors controller
class ErrorsController < ApplicationController
def error_404
#not_found_path = params[:not_found]
end
end
views/errors/error_404.html.haml
.site
.services-page
.error-template
%h1
Oops!
%h2
404 Not Found
.error-details
Sorry, an error has occured, Requested page not found!
You tried to access '#{#not_found_path}', which is not a valid page.
.error-actions
%a.button_simple_orange.btn.btn-primary.btn-lg{href: root_path}
%span.glyphicon.glyphicon-home
Take Me Home
routes.rb
get '*unmatched_route', to: 'main#not_found'
main_controller.rb
def not_found
render :file => "#{Rails.root}/public/404.html", :status => 404, :layout => false
end
<%= render file: 'public/404', status: 404, formats: [:html] %>
just add this to the page you want to render to the 404 error page and you are done.
I wanted to throw a 'normal' 404 for any logged in user that isn't an admin, so I ended up writing something like this in Rails 5:
class AdminController < ApplicationController
before_action :blackhole_admin
private
def blackhole_admin
return if current_user.admin?
raise ActionController::RoutingError, 'Not Found'
rescue ActionController::RoutingError
render file: "#{Rails.root}/public/404", layout: false, status: :not_found
end
end
Raising ActionController::RoutingError('not found') has always felt a little bit strange to me - in the case of an unauthenticated user, this error does not reflect reality - the route was found, the user is just not authenticated.
I happened across config.action_dispatch.rescue_responses and I think in some cases this is a more elegant solution to the stated problem:
# application.rb
config.action_dispatch.rescue_responses = {
'UnauthenticatedError' => :not_found
}
# my_controller.rb
before_action :verify_user_authentication
def verify_user_authentication
raise UnauthenticatedError if !user_authenticated?
end
What's nice about this approach is:
It hooks into the existing error handling middleware like a normal ActionController::RoutingError, but you get a more meaningful error message in dev environments
It will correctly set the status to whatever you specify in the rescue_responses hash (in this case 404 - not_found)
You don't have to write a not_found method that needs to be available everywhere.
To test the error handling, you can do something like this:
feature ErrorHandling do
before do
Rails.application.config.consider_all_requests_local = false
Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.show_exceptions = true
end
scenario 'renders not_found template' do
visit '/blah'
expect(page).to have_content "The page you were looking for doesn't exist."
end
end
If you want to handle different 404s in different ways, consider catching them in your controllers. This will allow you to do things like tracking the number of 404s generated by different user groups, have support interact with users to find out what went wrong / what part of the user experience might need tweaking, do A/B testing, etc.
I have here placed the base logic in ApplicationController, but it can also be placed in more specific controllers, to have special logic only for one controller.
The reason I am using an if with ENV['RESCUE_404'], is so I can test the raising of AR::RecordNotFound in isolation. In tests, I can set this ENV var to false, and my rescue_from would not fire. This way I can test the raising separate from the conditional 404 logic.
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :conditional_404_redirect if ENV['RESCUE_404']
private
def conditional_404_redirect
track_404(#current_user)
if #current_user.present?
redirect_to_user_home
else
redirect_to_front
end
end
end
Related
I have the following action in my controller:
def create
#user = current_user
#vin = #user.vins.new(params[:vin])
if #vin.save
# waiting for implementation
logger.debug("here we are")
else
redirect_to(vins_path)
end
end
I'd like to test with with rspec. However, I want to stub out the save operation to simulate a failure:
it "should send user to vins_path if there is a problem creating the VIN" do
#vin.stub!(:save).and_return(false)
post 'create', :vin => { :name => "Test 1", :vin => "test" }
response.should redirect_to(vins_path)
end
However, the stub doesn't seem to work as the save operation is always successful. What am I doing wrong?
Thanks
Try this:
Vin.any_instance.stub(:save).and_return(false)
When using location in respond with, it is ignoring validation errors and redirecting to the specified location. Is this expected behavior?
I checked in the responder module that it checking if there are any errors on the model. I inspected the model and it contains validation errors in the #solution object. What am I missing here?
controller:
def create
#problem = Problem.find(params[:problem_id])
#solution = #problem.solutions.build params[:solution]
#solution.save
respond_with(#solution, :location => detail_problem_solution_path(#problem, #solution)
end
model:
validates :body, :presence => true, :unless => :reference
reference is true or false false.
I encountered this problem today, and come upon this Rails issue over at github. The exception seems to be thrown since the route url helper can't generate a valid for unsaved (invalid) records.
There's discussion on the github issue about allowing procs as an argument to the location parameter, but it doesn't look like it'll be added anytime soon.
For now I'll stick with using the following solution:
def create
#post = Post.new(params[:post])
if #post.save
respond_with(#post, location: edit_post_path(#post))
else
respond_with #post
end
end
The only way I was able to solve is this:
def create
#problem = Problem.find(params[:problem_id])
#solution = #problem.solutions.build solution_params
success = #solution.save
respond_with(#solution) do |format|
format.html {redirect_to detail_problem_solution_path(#problem, #solution) } if success
end
end
I'm not sure what it is. I've just upgraded to Rails 3.1 from 3.0.9 and here's what I get in my specs:
PeopleController edit action should require owner
Failure/Error: response.should render_template("/public/403.html")
expecting <"/public/403.html"> but rendering with <"search/_search_menu_item">
This is all over my specs in various controllers. I also have this code in my AppController:
def render_403
respond_to do |format|
format.html { render :file => "#{Rails.root}/public/403.html", :status => 403, :layout => false }
format.json { render :json => { :error => true, :message => "Error 403, you don't have permissions for this operation." } }
end
end
And this in PeopleController:
def edit
render_403 unless #person.account.id == current_account.id
end
I'm certain that format.html block gets executed (checked it). However the spec expectation fails. Wonder what is going on here.
(search/_search_menu_item is a partial that gets included onto every page, which basically means that the app layout gets rendered here instead.)
Update: I've replaced render_403 in #edit with render(:file => "#{Rails.root}/public/403.html", :status => 403, :layout => false) to see what happens - got the same result.
Ok, figured it out. Possibly not a Rails problem. At least the problem appears only when running the specs.
I've been checking if 403 pages are rendered with this:
response.should render_template("public/403.html")
Doesn't work no more. Replacing it with
response.status.should == 403
fixed the issue.
I am trying to setup my 404s in rails...
I have followed these instructions
and its seems to work if do do something like:
www.myapp.com/no_controller/
but if I do:
www.myapp.com/existing_controller/no_action
I get the Active Record, record not found...etc...
I would like that to also route to the 404 page...is this possible?
When you go to
www.myapp.com/existing_controller/no_action
you actually call show action of existing_controller with no_action as id. In the development mode you get RecordNotFound error. In the production you will get a 404 page.
If you want to customize this behavior in the development mode and root to the 404 page (BTW I don't suggest it! because it was done intentionally to help you debug), you can rescue_from this error:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound do
render_404
end
def render_404
respond_to do |type|
type.html { render :template => "shared/error_404/message", :layout => "application", :status => "404 Not Found" }
type.all { render :nothing => true, :status => "404 Not Found" }
end
end
end
Out of the scope. One technique in this example can be useful when designing 404 pages: unlike standard public/404.html you can use application layout with this approach.
I am testing a controller in RSpec2 and for both my create and update actions, when passed invalid params, the controller should render either the "new" or "edit" templates respectively. It is doing that, but my test never passes.
describe "with invalid params" do
before(:each) do
User.stub(:new) { mock_user(:valid? => false, :save => false) }
end
it "re-renders the 'new' template" do
post :create, :company_id => mock_company.id
response.should render_template("new")
end
end
Results in this:
re-renders the 'new' template
expecting <"new"> but rendering with <"">
Here is the controller action:
respond_to do |format|
if #user.save
format.html {
flash[:notice] = "#{#user.full_name} was added to #{#company.name}."
redirect_to company_users_url(#company)
}
else
logger.debug #user.errors
format.html{
render :new
}
end
end
This problem also seems to be isolated to this controller. I have almost identical code running another controller and it is fine. I am not sure where the problem could be.
Update:
Here are the two mock methods
def mock_user(stubs={})
#mock_user ||= mock_model(User, stubs).as_null_object
end
def mock_company(stubs={})
(#mock_company ||= mock_model(Company).as_null_object).tap do |company|
company.stub(stubs) unless stubs.empty?
end
end
Turned out it was a problem with stubbing and CanCan. CanCan was loading the resources and uses some different methods than what I thought.