By using normal minus '-' function between two timestamps, the answer given from oracle is incorrect.
This is what i want to do:
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT='DD-MON-RR HH24:MI TZR';
Created table:
CREATE TABLE TEST (
StartTime timestamp with time zone
,EndTime timestamp with time zone
,Science varchar2(7)
);
I create the column data type as timestamp with time zone. This is value I have inserted:
INSERT INTO TEST
VALUES('05-OCT-2013 01:00 +08:00'
,'05-OCT-2013 23:00 +06:00'
,'SCIENCE');
INSERT INTO TEST
VALUES('05-OCT-2013 12:00 +08:00'
,'05-OCT-2013 15:00 -12:00'
,'Maths');
Attempted for rounding time:
CREATE VIEW TESTRECRDS AS
SELECT (Extract(hour FROM(ENDTIME- STARTTIME)) || 'Hours' ||
Extract(minute FROM(ENDTIME- STARTTIME))>=60 Then (Extract(hour FROM(ENDTIME- STARTTIME)) + Extract(minute FROM(ENDTIME- STARTTIME))/60 ELSE 0 END || 'Minutes' AS DURATION,
Science
FROM Test;
Now i have two questions regarding on the calculation and rounding off the minutes to nearest hours.
First let's say the endtime is 1535 +0600 and starttime is 01:50 +0800
So when i deduct endtime - starttime:
the formula should be:
2135 - 0950 = 2085 - 0950
= 1135
But if i use my successful attempt answer to calculate, it is not the correct exact answer. The oracle answer would be 15 hours 45 minutes.
In your last CREATE VIEW statement you try to multiply text, which cannot work:
SELECT To_Char(STARTTIME - ENDTIME, 'HH24:MI TZR')*24 AS DURATION
*24 is operating on the text to_char() returns.
You have to multiply the interval before converting to text.
You define the column Science varchar2(6), then you insert 'SCIENCE', a 7-letter word?
I also fixed a syntax error in your INSERT statement: missing '.
About your comment:
"I would like to insert timestamp with timezone during creation of my tables. Can DATE data type do that too?
Read about data types in the manual.
The data type date does not include time zone information.
If by "timezone difference" you mean the difference between the timezone modifiers, use this to calculate:
SELECT EXTRACT(timezone_hour FROM STARTTIME) AS tz_modifier FROM tbl
Keywords here are timezone_hour and is timezone_minute. Read more in the manual.
But be aware that these numbers depend on the daylight saving hours and such shenanigans. Very uncertain territory!
Get it in pretty format - example:
SELECT to_char((EXTRACT (timezone_hour FROM STARTTIME) * 60
+ EXTRACT (timezone_minutes FROM STARTTIME))
* interval '1 min', 'HH:MI')
In PostgreSQL you would have the simpler EXTRACT (timezone FROM STARTTIME), but I don't think Oracle supports that. Can't test now.
Here is a simple demo how you could round minutes to hours:
SELECT EXTRACT(hour FROM (ENDTIME - STARTTIME))
+ CASE WHEN EXTRACT(minute FROM (ENDTIME - STARTTIME)) >= 30 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
FROM Test;
I'm not sure what number you're trying to calculate, but when you subtract two dates in Oracle, you get the difference between the dates in units of days, not a DATE datatype
SELECT TO_DATE('2011-01-01 09:00', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') -
TO_DATE('2011-01-01 08:00', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') AS diff
FROM dual
DIFF
----------
.041666667
In this case 8am and 9am are 0.41667 days apart. This is not a date object, this is a scalar number, so formatting it as HH24:MI doesn't make any sense.
To round you will need to do a bit of more math. Try something like:
TO_DATE(ROUND((ENDTIME - STARTTIME) * 96) / 96, 'HH24:MI')
The difference between dates is in days. Multiplying by 96 changes the measure to quarter hours. Round, then convert back to days, and format. It might be better to use a numeric format want to format, in which case you would divide by 4 instead of 96.
Timezone is not particularly relevant to a time difference. You will have to adjust the difference from UTC to that timezone to get the right result with Timezone included.
Related
While trying to convert datetime to epoch, I am getting an error: ORA-01810: format code appears twice
QracleSQL query:
select (trunc(TO_TIMESTAMP('2022-05-08T19:09:17Z', 'yyyy-MM-dd"T"HH:mm:ssXXX')) - TO_DATE('01/01/1970', 'MM/DD/YYYY')) * 24 * 60 * 60 from dual;
You should use:
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ instead of TO_TIMESTAMP
the format model YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS.FF TZD rather than incorrectly using MM twice, HH24 instead of HH, .FF instead of XXX, and TZD instead of hardcoding "Z".
Make sure you always convert your timestamp to UTC time zone (yours is already but others may not be)
Don't TRUNCate the timestamp to a DATE at midnight or you will lose the time component.
Like this:
SELECT ROUND(
(
TRUNC(timestamp_value AT TIME ZONE 'UTC', 'MI')
- DATE '1970-01-01'
) * 86400
+ EXTRACT(SECOND FROM timestamp_value AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')
) AS epoch_time
FROM (
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(
'2022-05-08T19:09:17Z',
'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS.FF TZD'
) AS timestamp_value
FROM DUAL
);
Which outputs:
EPOCH_TIME
1652033357
db<>fiddle here
Something like this:
TEST DATA
create table sample_inputs (ts_string) as
select '2022-05-08T16:49:34Z' from dual union all
select '2022-04-15T04:20:13.525Z' from dual
;
QUERY AND OUTPUT
with
prep (ts_string, ts) as (
select ts_string,
to_timestamp(ts_string, 'yyyy-mm-dd"T"hh24:mi:ss.ff"Z"')
from sample_inputs
)
select ts_string,
round((trunc(ts, 'mi') - date '1970-01-01') * 24 * 3600)
+ extract(second from ts)
as epoch
from prep;
TS_STRING EPOCH
-------------------------- -----------
2022-05-08T16:49:34Z 1652028574
2022-04-15T04:20:13.525Z 1649996413.525
NOTES
In your attempt there are several mistakes. The Oracle fractional-seconds element is ff, not xxx. You are missing the placeholder for the hard-coded Z at the end (you have "T" in your mask, which is correct, but you are missing the similar "Z"). HH is insufficient - it must be either HH24 or HH followed by AM (or equivalently PM) at the end. In your example, it is obviously HH24. And MM and mm mean the same thing in Oracle - this is not Unix. The element for minutes is mi or equivalently MI.
The query I wrote preserves fractional seconds in the epoch. Another question earlier today (perhaps yours too, under another user name) was closed as being a "duplicate" - but the claimed "duplicate" has absolutely nothing about preserving fractional seconds, when the input is an Oracle timestamp vs an Oracle date (which always does have a time component, but only in whole seconds).
I have a start_time which is already formatted as date type and have duration as number like 449. It means 449 seconds. So i need end_time. Of course i can obviously convert duration to date format and add duration on start_time using below simply queries
select to_char(to_date(USE_SEC,'sssss'),'hh24miss')
from ABA_RM_INB_USAGE;
USE_SEC column is containing integer(number in oracle) like 1167
and above query is returning date formatted result like 001927 that is okay.
This is query that add duration on start_time
select to_char(USE_STRT_DTTM, 'hh24miss') + to_char(to_date(USE_SEC, 'sssss'), 'hh24miss') as duration
from ABA_RM_INB_USAGE;
This is returning that result which is problem that convert to date format
95980.
It means 09:59:80 oops 80 seconds is absolutely wrong. Can i add dates with keep their formats. How can i ?
You can use +. This is the traditional method:
select start_time + duration / 24*60*60
You can write this now as:
select start_time + duration * interval '1' second
Your first query is converting your number-of-second value to a string. In your second query you are converting the start time to another string. Both represent HHMISS. Then you add them together, effectively:
'094053' + '001927'
For the addition operator to work they are implicitly converted to numbers, so it becomes:
94053 + 1927
which gives you your (numeric) result of 95980.
As soon as you convert to strings you are losing the ability to treat them as dates and honour the mod-60 behaviour for minutes and seconds, which is my you appear to end up with 80 seconds - but they aren't really seconds at all, it's just a number. You also lose the mod-24 behaviour for hours, so if your start time is just before midnight and the duration pushes you over midnight, your result wouldn't reflect that either.
As #GordonLinoff suggested, keep your date as a date, and add the number of seconds as a number, or a number converted to an interval:
USE_STRT_DTTM + USE_SEC / (24*60*60)
or:
USE_STRT_DTTM + USE_SEC * interval '1' second
Demo:
-- CTE for sample data
with ABA_RM_INB_USAGE (USE_STRT_DTTM, USE_SEC) as (
select to_date('09:40:53', 'HH24:MI:SS'), 1167 from dual
union all
select to_date('23:54:55', 'HH24:MI:SS'), 449 from dual
)
-- query showing working
select USE_STRT_DTTM,
USE_SEC,
to_char(to_date(USE_SEC, 'sssss'), 'hh24:mi:ss') as use_sec_hhmiss,
USE_SEC * interval '1' second as use_sec_interval,
USE_STRT_DTTM + USE_SEC / (24*60*60) as result1,
USE_STRT_DTTM + USE_SEC * interval '1' second as result2
from ABA_RM_INB_USAGE;
USE_STRT_DTTM USE_SEC USE_SEC_HHMISS USE_SEC_INTERVAL RESULT1 RESULT2
------------------- ------- -------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
2019-08-01 09:40:53 1167 00:19:27 +00 00:19:27.000000 2019-08-01 10:00:20 2019-08-01 10:00:20
2019-08-01 23:54:55 449 00:07:29 +00 00:07:29.000000 2019-08-02 00:02:24 2019-08-02 00:02:24
Read more about Datetime/Interval Arithmetic.
I have a start_time which is already formatted as date type
Your column is (I hope, and seems to be the case from your query) a date. Dates do not have intrinsic human-readable formats. When you query your table your client will format the date to something readable, using either its own preferences or your session's NLS_DATE_FORMAT.
Of course i can obviously convert duration to date format and add duration on start_time
You originally converted your duration to a date data type (via to_date()), at 00:19:27 on the first day of the current month (which is what if defaults to if not day, month or year components are supplied; my CTE above is doing the same). You cannot add a date to another date. That even has its own error, "ORA-00975: date + date not allowed". So you then converted both your date values (start time and converted duration) to strings. You can't add strings together either, as that makes no sense; but if you try Oracle will implicitly try to convert both strings to numbers. In this case that implicit conversion works for both strings, but it usually won't; the superficially-similar '09:40:53' + '00:19:27' would get "ORA-01722: invalid number".
In Oracle DATE values do not have a format - you use the TO_CHAR function to format them when you need to output them.
In this case it looks like you need to use an interval. You have a field which contains a number of seconds that you want to convert to an interval - for this you can use the TO_DSINTERVAL function, although amusingly enough you have to convert the number to a string in order to use the function to convert it to an interval:
-- Version using TO_DSINTERVAL
WITH cteData AS (SELECT USE_STRT_DTTM + TO_DSINTERVAL('PT' || TO_CHAR(USE_SEC) || 'S') AS DT_TIME
FROM ABA_RM_INB_USAGE)
SELECT TO_CHAR(DT_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') FORMATTED_DATE_TIME
FROM cteData;
Docs for TO_DSINTERVAL here
dbfiddle demonstrating this in use here
EDIT
As #AlexPoole points out, the better function to use here is NUMTODSINTERVAL:
-- Version using NUMTODSINTERVAL
WITH cteData AS (SELECT USE_STRT_DTTM + NUMTODSINTERVAL(USE_SEC, 'SECOND') AS DT_TIME
FROM ABA_RM_INB_USAGE)
SELECT TO_CHAR(DT_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') FORMATTED_DATE_TIME
FROM cteData;
Docs for NUMTODSINTERVAL here
updated dbfiddle here
so I have a table called Value. I am trying to derive the Value for the last hour (HR --> Timestamp(4) with TIME ZONE ) so that I can use it in a conditional statement in this Stored Procedure that I'm building. However, when i try the following, Oracle only returns a Date (01-Jan-19) rather than the previous hour (01-Jan-19 01.00.00.00000000 AM UTC). What am I doing wrong?
select hr
, hr - (1/24) as Converted
from value;
If I try the following, I return '31-DEC-16 12.00.00.000000000 AM' as the value for 'Converted' (no matter what the value for HR is):
select hr
, to_timestamp(hr - (1/24)) as converted
from value;
Which ultimately will be used as the definition of a variable in my stored procedure:
select max(value)
into v_Previous_hour
from value
where hr = hr - (1/24);
Am I missing something here? Thanks in advance.
Try this:
select hr
, cast( hr - (1/24) as timestamp) as Converted
from value;
Also, the query below is not going to do what you think it is.
select max(value)
into v_Previous_hour
from value
where hr = hr - (1/24);
Or you could use INTERVAL:
SELECT TO_CHAR(HR) AS HR,
TO_CHAR(CAST(HR - INTERVAL '1' HOUR - INTERVAL '0.233' SECOND AS TIMESTAMP(4) WITH TIME ZONE)) AS HR_MINUS_ONE_HOUR
FROM VAL;
(Here I subtracted an additional 0.233 seconds just to make sure we were dealing with timestamps, per #AlexPoole's comment on #OldProgrammer's answer).
SQLFiddle here
Oracle only returns a Date (01-Jan-19)
A date still has a time, your client just isn't showing it to you. You can use to_char() to display it explicitly:
select to_char(hr - (1/24), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from ...
It is a date because [that's the result of timestamp - number] arithmetic, and the timestamp is implicitly converted to a date before the subtraction. But you are losing both the fractional seconds and the time zone from your original value. Even if you cast back to a plain timestamp that information isn't recovered, and if you cast back to a timestamp with time zone it imolicitly picks up the current session's time zone, so won't necessarily match.
To keep both you can do what you suggested in your answer, or
select hr - interval '1' hour from ...
In your procedure, declare a variable of the same data type, e.g. (as an nonymous block):
declare
l_hr value.hr%type;
begin
select hr - interval '1' hour
into l_hr
from value
where ... ;
...
end;
Don't be tempted to store or manipulate the value as a string, keep it as its origial data type. It will be easieer to work with, safer and more efficient.
Have a look at this table Matrix of Datetime Arithmetic
When you perform {TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE} - {NUMERIC} then you get DATE value, i.e. you loose the time zone information.
Better use INTERVAL, e.g. hr - INTERVAL '1' HOUR or hr - NUMTODSINTERVAL(1, 'HOUR')
Anyway, I don't understand your question. If you ask "How to grab the previous hour of a timestamp(4) with TIMEZONE column?" then my answer would be
SELECT
EXTRACT(HOUR FROM hr - INTERVAL '1' HOUR) AS Solution_1
TO_CHAR(hr - INTERVAL '1' HOUR, 'HH24') AS Solution_2
FROM ...
Note, solution EXTRACT(HOUR FROM hr - INTERVAL '1' HOUR) always returns the hour of UTC time, whereas TO_CHAR(hr - INTERVAL '1' HOUR, 'HH24') returns hour from the stored time zone.
After 2 hours of hairpulling (and ironically after OldProgrammer was nice enough to provide me with an answer), I found a workaround:
select hr
, hr - numtodsinterval(1, 'hour') as converted
from value;
I have a unix timstamp with millsecond precision like below:
1523572200000
I need to convert it to timestamp(6). This is the format I need:
05-NOV-14 09.45.00.000000000 AM
(Fyi examples above are not matching dates, just using as example.)
What's the best way to go about this?
Thanks!
The following might work for you (where myunixtimestamp is the name of the column in which your Unix timestamps are stored):
SELECT TIMESTAMP'1970-01-01 00:00:00.000' + NUMTODSINTERVAL(myunixtimestamp/1000, 'SECOND')
FROM mytable;
For example,
SELECT TIMESTAMP'1970-01-01 00:00:00.000' + NUMTODSINTERVAL(1523572200000/1000, 'SECOND')
FROM dual;
gives a result of 2018-04-12 10:30:00.000000000 PM.
Hope this helps.
Assuming that current timestamp is: 1523572200000, try following:
select cast (to_date('1970-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD') + 1523572200000/1000/60/60/24 as timestamp) from dual;
where:
to_date('1970-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD') is epoch time
<unix_timestamp>/60/60/24 was divided by 1000 miliseconds 60 second and 60 minutes and 24 hours because in oracle we are adding days
I have a table with two temporal columns. First (name is DATE) is storing the date (not including the time part) and therefor the datatype is DATE. Second column (name is TIME) is for storing the time in seconds and therefor the datatype is NUMBER.
I need to compare this two dates with a timestamp from another table. How can I calculate the date of the two columns (DATE and TIME) and compare to the timestamp of the other table?
I have tried to calculate the hours out of the time column and add it to the date column, but the output seems not correct:
SELECT to_date(date + (time/3600), 'dd-mm-yy hh24:mi:ss') FROM mytable;
The output is just the date, but not the time component.
You can use the INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND type:
SELECT your_date + NUMTODSINTERVAL(your_time_in_seconds, 'SECOND') FROM dual;
Example:
SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE) + NUMTODSINTERVAL(39687, 'SECOND') FROM dual;
The calculated date with time is: 10-11-2013 11:01:27
This is a better idea than dividing your value by 3600 in my opinion, as you have an interval in seconds, so it feels natural to use an interval to represent your time, which can then be easily added to a column of DATE datatype.
Oracle Interval in Documentation
NUMTODSINTERVAL Function in documentation
date + (time/3600) is already a DATE, so you don't need to do to_date(). It does have the time part you added though, you just aren't displaying it. If you want to output that as a string in the format you've shown, use to_char() instead:
SELECT to_char(date + (time/3600), 'dd-mm-yy hh24:mi:ss') FROM mytable;
... except that if time is actually in seconds, you need to divide by 86400 (24x60x60), not 3600. At the moment you're relying on your client's default date format, probably NLS_DATE_FORMAT, which doesn't include the time portion from what you've said. That doesn't mean the time isn't there, it just isn't displayed.
But that is just for display. Leave it as a date, by just adding the two values, when comparing against you timestamp, e.g.
WHERE date + (time/86400) < systimestamp
Try like this,
SELECT TO_DATE('11/11/2013','dd/mm/yyyy') + 3600/60/60/24 FROM DUAL;
Your query,
SELECT date + time/60/60/24 FROM mytable;
try using to_timestamp instead of to_date