What is the output format of a webcam? [closed] - hardware

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What is the output format of a webcam? I want to create a microcontroller device which can capture a frame from a USB webcam and I need to know what format the output from the webcam is in.

It depends on the webcam, it can be in RGB, BGR, YUV and various others, even JPEG. You might be better looking for a CCD module that you can interface to your micro rather then a USB solution as you will need to engineer a compatible USB driver as there is no standard for webcams like there is for storage devices (mass storage device).
Something like this: http://www.jrobot.net/Projects/AVRcam.html
Or probably even better: http://www.sparkfun.com/products/8668 (i2c for control, 8bit parallel for data and supports RGB, YUV and JPEG compressed formats)

Depends on the camera, really. But most sensors output in YUV (or YCbCr) and it's variants

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Is GPS data signed and/or timestamped? [closed]

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Is GPS data signed and timestamped by the satellite?
No, GPS is not signed. I think there may be in future some signed signals. Maybe it is used on military part of GPS.
GPS spoofing is a well know problem, and problems are usually "solved" in hardware. If signal strength on some satellites changes quickly: do no trust it. Multiple antenna (on extreme of lorry/ship) and comparing strength of signal helps. Some directional antenna helps to know that signal expected from a satellite come from where it is expected. And often some gyroscope, compass, or and tracking, to check plausibility of data.
Note: fishing boat uses it to decoy own position (in protected area/economic exclusive zones). They causes a lot of troubles to other ships and boats (and sometime to ground equipment).

Honeywell Dead Reckoning Module GPS Problems [closed]

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I'm currently trying to connect a Honeywell DRM4000L to a GPS module. The DRM is a dead-reckoning device which takes a GPS input and outputs the location by serial. Currently, I have a GS407 GPS module connected to the DRM. Every time I try the GPS pass-through function on the DRM, I get gibberish output.
I also have an FTDI cable connected to the GPS and I'm getting the correct NMEA data. The data coming in from the GPS is all formatted correctly when connected directly to the computer. The DRM data is also coming in correctly, but it doesn't see an NMEA data stream and thus does not initialize with the GPS data. It only has track information based off of the inertial sensors.
The GPS is set to 9600 baud and the DRM host port is set to 9600, so the DRM should be seeing all the correct GPS data. The baud rate from the DRM to the computer is also 9600.
Is anyone seeing anything that I'm not seeing? Thanks!
Moved to Electronics StackExchange. The problem was that the DRM is using RS-232 while the GPS is using TTL, thus causing the incompatibility between the two modules. A MAX3232 or MAX232 is used to convert these voltages.
Link to complete post:
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/95153/honeywell-dead-reckoning-module-gps-problems

Reduce image size without resolution change [closed]

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how to prepare clear and clarity UI design with lower image file size in photoshop for iphone UI?
In my Iphone app due to large size images my app size increased enormously.So Is there any other way to reduce the size of the images but i need the clarity shouldn't change..?
Photoshop usually does a pretty good job of creating efficient images, however, you can normally losslessly compress them further using Yahoo's smush.it tool or a command line tool. Personally I use optipng which you can install via MacPorts.
You can also experiment with removing the #2x images entirely and just submitting with 2x resolution normal images. In most cases, the non-retina devices will downsample the larger images, but always worth testing on an actual device first.

zigbee and embedded system [closed]

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I'm new with zigbee i need you to help me learn about it and know how to implement an embedded system using it
thanks in advance
One good place to look is on the Digi site. They have several products to help you, including embedded development kits.
If you want to go Open Source, look at Source Forge. They have some open source stacks. I have not used any of them, so I cannot comment beyond knowing that they exist.
Depending on your needs, you might want to just look at XBee, which is a subset of zigbee. There are some nice development tools for XBee. I have used an XBee expansion shield with the .net micro framework and boards provided by TinyCLR to do a wireless prototype.
Creating a zigbee stack on your own would be a fairly large task, so only you can determine if there is ROI in doing so. I would be more inclined to buy it in.
Get a ZigBee Starter Kit. Lots of vendors provide one; gust Google that exact phrase.
For example: AVR 8-Bit RISC - IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee - Tools
Or you can ZigBee on a PIC/Microchip at very low cost. http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=2112

Direct screen pixel/framebuffer access [closed]

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I'd like to try and create a program playing a game. I.e. "a bot".
I want to be able to directly access the pixels on the screen. I.e. have my program "see" a game and then "make a move"(or at least draw a picture of what move it would make).
Both Windows and Linux advice is appreciated, though my guess is that it should be easier to do on Linux.
I'm guessing this could be done with some X/Gnome call?
I'm not afraid of C, even complex samples are welcome.
SDL is a cross-platform library that allows you to directly access framebuffer pixels. You can learn about accessing the pixels on screen through the pixel access example on the documentation wiki.
Generally speaking, bots don't see the game graphics but see the underlying data structure instead, unless you are trying to do something related to computer vision.