Merged with Get a List of all Primary Keys in a Database.
Is this the best way to - Get a List of all Primary Keys in a Database - or is there something better?
SELECT
KCU.TABLE_NAME AS Table_Name,
KCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS Constraint_Name,
KCU.COLUMN_NAME AS COLUMN_NAME
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS TC
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU
ON KCU.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = TC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND KCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME = TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND KCU.TABLE_SCHEMA = TC.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND KCU.TABLE_NAME = TC.TABLE_NAME
WHERE
TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
ORDER BY
KCU.TABLE_SCHEMA, KCU.TABLE_NAME, KCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
Related
I'm attempting to get data about a particular given schema and table name. The information I need is column names, data types, nullable or not, and whether it's a foreign or primary key. I've gotten close with the following query:
SELECT C.COLUMN_NAME, C.DATA_TYPE, C.IS_NULLABLE, CASE WHEN Z.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS IS_PRIMARY_KEY,
CASE WHEN Z.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS IS_FOREIGN_KEY
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS As C
OUTER APPLY
(SELECT TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME, TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS TC
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE As CCU ON CCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME = TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = C.TABLE_SCHEMA AND TC.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME
AND (TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' or TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY')
AND CCU.COLUMN_NAME = C.COLUMN_NAME)
AS Z
WHERE C.TABLE_NAME = 'ProductExpert'
AND C.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Learning' ORDER BY C.ORDINAL_POSITION
This gathers the data I need, but it's not "flattened". See image of results:
What I need ideally is for each column to be listed 1 time. In this instance ProductId AND OrganizationExpertId would be listed once with a 1 in IS_PRIMARY_KEY and IS_FOREIGN_KEY. I would still expect ExpertRoles to be in the return with a 0 for both.
This happens because of the join syntax. you need to change your joins in the way below:
SELECT
C.COLUMN_NAME,
C.DATA_TYPE,
C.IS_NULLABLE,
CASE WHEN PKEY.CONSTRAINT_NAME IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS IS_PRIMARY_KEY,
CASE WHEN Z.CONSTRAINT_TYPE IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS IS_FOREIGN_KEY
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS As C
LEFT OUTER JOIN
(SELECT TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME, TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS TC
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE As CCU ON CCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME = TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = C.TABLE_SCHEMA AND TC.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME
AND (TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' or TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY')
AND CCU.COLUMN_NAME = C.COLUMN_NAME)
AS PKEY
ON Z.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
LEFT OUTER JOIN
(SELECT TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME, TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS TC
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE As CCU ON CCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME = TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = C.TABLE_SCHEMA AND TC.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME
AND (TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' or TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY')
AND CCU.COLUMN_NAME = C.COLUMN_NAME)
AS FKEY
ON Z.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'
WHERE C.TABLE_NAME = 'ProductExpert'
AND C.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Learning'
ORDER BY C.ORDINAL_POSITION
or alternatively you can use max with group by
SELECT C.COLUMN_NAME, C.DATA_TYPE, C.IS_NULLABLE, max(CASE WHEN Z.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS IS_PRIMARY_KEY,
max(CASE WHEN Z.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS IS_FOREIGN_KEY
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS As C
OUTER APPLY
(SELECT TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME, TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS TC
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE As CCU ON CCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME = TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = C.TABLE_SCHEMA AND TC.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME
AND (TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' or TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY')
AND CCU.COLUMN_NAME = C.COLUMN_NAME)
AS Z
WHERE C.TABLE_NAME = 'ProductExpert'
AND C.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Learning'
group by C.COLUMN_NAME, C.DATA_TYPE, C.IS_NULLABLE, C.ORDINAL_POSITION
ORDER BY C.ORDINAL_POSITION
using this query,
SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns where TABLE_NAME <table>
how would i modify it to select only column names that are primary keys? or keys of any type?
Using the same type of select is prefered.
SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Table_Constraints tc
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE kcu
ON tc.TABLE_NAME = kcu.TABLE_NAME
AND tc.TABLE_SCHEMA = kcu.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND tc.TABLE_CATALOG = kcu.TABLE_CATALOG
AND tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = kcu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE tc.TABLE_NAME = 'table_name'
SQL Server Mgmt Studio 2005: could someone please help me understand how to view and print the relationships between tables, while showing the columns in the tables. I did it many years ago and have been struggling for days to do it again.
Right click on the database name, Expand "Database Diagrams" and Select: "New Database Diagram".
You need to create and edit a database diagram, see this Getting started with SQL Server database diagrams and/or Designing Database Diagrams
you can do it with a query as well: SQL SERVER – Query to Display Foreign Key Relationships and Name of the Constraint for Each Table in Database
here is a query that will get the PKs, Check Constraints, and FKs to and from #TableName, with multi column constraints in a comma separated list:
DECLARE #TableName varchar(250)
SET #TableName='YourTable'
;WITH AllInfo AS
(
SELECT
tc.TABLE_NAME,tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME, ccu.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE ccu ON ccu.TABLE_NAME = tc.TABLE_NAME AND ccu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE tc.TABLE_NAME =#TableName
UNION
SELECT
FK.TABLE_NAME,C.CONSTRAINT_NAME,CU.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN (SELECT i1.TABLE_NAME, i2.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2 ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
) PT ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME
WHERE PK.TABLE_NAME=#TableName
)
SELECT DISTINCT
t1.TABLE_NAME,t1.CONSTRAINT_NAME
,STUFF(
(SELECT
', ' + t2.COLUMN_NAME
FROM AllInfo t2
WHERE t1.TABLE_NAME=t2.TABLE_NAME AND t1.CONSTRAINT_NAME=t2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
ORDER BY t2.COLUMN_NAME
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.','varchar(max)')
,1,2, ''
) AS ColumnNames
FROM AllInfo t1
ORDER BY 1,2,3
You can create a Database Diagram and add all your tables to it. It will be a graphical representation if that's what you want.
you can use the following script in order to find all the fk,pk relationship for specific table
DECLARE #tablename VARCHAR(100)
SET #tablename='xxxxxxx'
Select 'Referenced by FK table' AS Type, FK.TABLE_SCHEMA, FK.TABLE_NAME AS 'FK_TABLE_NAME' ,cu.COLUMN_NAME AS 'FK_ReferencingColumn',PK.TABLE_NAME AS 'PK_TABLE_NAME',
ku.COLUMN_NAME AS 'PK_ReferencedColumn'
From INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS As RC
Join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS As PK
On PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
Join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS As FK
On FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE cu
ON cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = Rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE ku
ON ku.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
Where
PK.TABLE_NAME = #tablename
UNION
SELECT 'Referencing PK table' AS Type, FK.TABLE_SCHEMA, FK.TABLE_NAME AS 'FK_TABLE_NAME' ,cu.COLUMN_NAME AS 'FK_ReferencingColumn',PK.TABLE_NAME AS 'PK_TABLE_NAME',
ku.COLUMN_NAME AS 'PK_ReferencedColumn'
From INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS As RC
Join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS As PK
On PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
Join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS As FK
On FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE cu
ON cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = Rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE ku
ON ku.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
Where
fk.TABLE_NAME = #tablename
How can i quickly find out the list of various tables that are having foreign key constraint to the primary key of a particular table.
Kindly guide...
Here's a query to do that using information_schema, adapted from this blog post:
SELECT FK_Table = FK.TABLE_NAME
, FK_Column = CU.COLUMN_NAME
, PK_Table = PK.TABLE_NAME
, PK_Column = PT.COLUMN_NAME
, Constraint_Name = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK
ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK
ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU
ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
JOIN (
SELECT i1.TABLE_NAME, i2.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2
ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
) PT
ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME
WHERE PK.TABLE_NAME = 'PrimaryKeyTable'
In MSSQL 2008 how can I query for tables with foreign key references to a specific table column?
Let's say I have a table called Audit with an int column called 'ID".
How can I find all the tables in my database that have a foreign key to Audit.ID ?
SELECT
K_Table = FK.TABLE_NAME,
FK_Column = CU.COLUMN_NAME,
PK_Table = PK.TABLE_NAME,
PK_Column = PT.COLUMN_NAME,
Constraint_Name = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN (
SELECT i1.TABLE_NAME, i2.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2 ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
) PT ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME
---- optional:
ORDER BY
1,2,3,4
WHERE PK.TABLE_NAME='something'WHERE FK.TABLE_NAME='something'
WHERE PK.TABLE_NAME IN ('one_thing', 'another')
WHERE FK.TABLE_NAME IN ('one_thing', 'another')
declare #keys table
(
ForeignKey varchar(100),
TableName varchar(100),
ColumnName varchar(100),
ReferenceTableName varchar(100),
ReferenceColumnName varchar(100)
)
insert #keys
SELECT f.name AS ForeignKey,
TableName = OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id),
ColumnName = COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id,
fc.parent_column_id),
OBJECT_NAME (f.referenced_object_id) AS ReferenceTableName,
COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id,
fc.referenced_column_id) AS ReferenceColumnName
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc
ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id
select * from #Keys where TableName='X' and ColumnName='Y'