ActiveRecord: List columns in table from console - sql

Question

I know that you can ask ActiveRecord to list tables in console using:
ActiveRecord::Base.connection.tables
Is there a command that would list the columns in a given table?

Answer 1

This will list the column_names from a table
Model.column_names
e.g. User.column_names

Answer 2

This gets the columns, not just the column names and uses ActiveRecord::Base::Connection, so no models are necessary. Handy for quickly outputting the structure of a db.
ActiveRecord::Base.connection.tables.each do |table_name|
puts table_name
ActiveRecord::Base.connection.columns(table_name).each do |c|
puts "- #{c.name}: #{c.type} #{c.limit}"
end
end
Sample output: http://screencast.com/t/EsNlvJEqM

Answer 3

Using rails three you can just type the model name:
> User
gives:
User(id: integer, name: string, email: string, etc...)
In rails four, you need to establish a connection first:
irb(main):001:0> User
=> User (call 'User.connection' to establish a connection)
irb(main):002:0> User.connection; nil #call nil to stop repl spitting out the connection object (long)
=> nil
irb(main):003:0> User
User(id: integer, name: string, email: string, etc...)

Answer 4

If you are comfortable with SQL commands, you can enter your app's folder and run rails db, which is a brief form of rails dbconsole. It will enter the shell of your database, whether it is sqlite or mysql.
Then, you can query the table columns using sql command like:
pragma table_info(your_table);

Answer 5

complementing this useful information, for example using rails console o rails dbconsole:
Student is my Model, using rails console:
$ rails console
> Student.column_names
=> ["id", "name", "surname", "created_at", "updated_at"]
> Student
=> Student(id: integer, name: string, surname: string, created_at: datetime, updated_at: datetime)
Other option using SQLite through Rails:
$ rails dbconsole
sqlite> .help
sqlite> .table
ar_internal_metadata relatives schools
relationships schema_migrations students
sqlite> .schema students
CREATE TABLE "students" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "name" varchar, "surname" varchar, "created_at" datetime NOT NULL, "updated_at" datetime NOT NULL);
Finally for more information.
sqlite> .help
Hope this helps!

Answer 6

You can run rails dbconsole in you command line tool to open sqlite console. Then type in .tables to list all the tables and .fullschema to get a list of all tables with column names and types.

Answer 7

To list the columns in a table I usually go with this:
Model.column_names.sort.
i.e. Orders.column_names.sort
Sorting the column names makes it easy to find what you are looking for.
For more information on each of the columns use this:
Model.columns.map{|column| [column.name, column.sql_type]}.to_h.
This will provide a nice hash.
for example:
{
id => int(4),
created_at => datetime
}

Answer 8

For a more compact format, and less typing just:
Portfolio.column_types

Answer 9

I am using rails 6.1 and have built a simple rake task for this.
You can invoke this from the cli using rails db:list[users] if you want a simple output with field names. If you want all the details then do rails db:list[users,1].
I constructed this from this question How to pass command line arguments to a rake task about passing command line arguments to rake tasks. I also built on #aaron-henderson's answer above.
# run like `rails db:list[users]`, `rails db:list[users,1]`, `RAILS_ENV=development rails db:list[users]` etc
namespace :db do
desc "list fields/details on a model"
task :list, [:model, :details] => [:environment] do |task, args|
model = args[:model]
if !args[:details].present?
model.camelize.constantize.column_names.each do |column_name|
puts column_name
end
else
ActiveRecord::Base.connection.tables.each do |table_name|
next if table_name != model.underscore.pluralize
ActiveRecord::Base.connection.columns(table_name).each do |c|
puts "Name: #{c.name} | Type: #{c.type} | Default: #{c.default} | Limit: #{c.limit} | Precision: #{c.precision} | Scale: #{c.scale} | Nullable: #{c.null} "
end
end
end
end
end