in sql server. my database name RequestInfo, I have a table name RequestedDate, which have data type is datetime. now i want when ever the value of other columns of table is inserted, then automatically in the RequestedDate column, today date should inserted.
i am using this query but it shows no today in built function.
alter table RequestInfo add default Today() for RequestedDate
Define Default Value When Creating Table
CREATE TABLE TestTable
(
ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
DATECOLUMN DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE() --<-- Default Value
)
Already Existing Table on already Existing Column
ALTER TABLE TestTable
ADD CONSTRAINT DF_YourTable DEFAULT GETDATE() FOR DATECOLUMN
Add a new Column to an Existing Table With Default Value
ALTER TABLE TestTable
ADD New_DATE_COLUMN DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE()
This worked for me:
ALTER TABLE YOUR_TABLE ADD Date_Created TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
How to add a column to a SQL Server table with a default value that is equal to value of an existing column?
I tried this T-SQL statement:
ALTER TABLE tablename
ADD newcolumn type NOT NULL DEFAULT (oldcolumn)
but it's giving an error:
The name "oldcolumn" is not permitted in this context. Valid
expressions are constants, constant expressions, and (in some
contexts) variables. Column names are not permitted.
Try this:
ALTER TABLE tablename ADD newcolumn type NOT NULL DEFAULT (0)
Go
Update tablename SET newcolumn = oldcolumn Where newcolumn = 0
Go
The AFTER INSERT trigger approach involves overhead due to the extra UPDATE statement. I suggest using an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger, as follows:
CREATE TRIGGER tablename_on_insert ON tablename
INSTEAD OF INSERT
AS
INSERT INTO tablename (oldcolumn, newcolumn)
SELECT oldcolumn, ISNULL(newcolumn, oldcolumn)
FROM inserted
This does not work though if the oldcolumn is an auto-identity column.
I don't like them very much but here is how you could do this with an AFTER INSERT trigger:
CREATE TRIGGER TableX_AfterInsert_TRG
ON TableX
AFTER INSERT
AS
UPDATE TableX AS t
SET t.newcolumn = t.oldcolumn
FROM Inserted AS i
WHERE t.PK = i.PK ; -- where PK is the PRIMARY KEY of the table
You can use computed column to insert new column in a table based on an existing column value
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName ADD NewColumn AS (OldColumn) PERSISTED;
OR, if you want to make some changes to the value based on existing column value, use
ALTER TABLE dbo.TableName ADD NewColumn AS (OldColumn * 1.5) PERSISTED;
To extend Kapil's answer, and avoid the unwanted default constraint, try this:
ALTER TABLE tablename ADD newcolumn type NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_TMP_TABLENAME_NEWCOLUMN DEFAULT -9999
Go
Update tablename SET newcolumn = oldcolumn
Go
ALTER TABLE tablename DROP CONSTRAINT DF_TMP_TABLENAME_NEWCOLUMN
Go
Replace -9999 by 'noData' if your type is varchar, nvarchar, datetime,... or by any compatible data for other types: specific value doesn't matter, it will be wiped by the 2nd instruction.
For my case, I want to add a new not null unique column named CODE but I don't know about the value at the creation time. I set the default value for it by get a default value from NewID() then update later.
ALTER TABLE [WIDGET] ADD [CODE] CHAR(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT(SUBSTRING(CONVERT(CHAR(36), NEWID()), 1, 5))
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[WIDGET] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [UQ_WIDGET_CODE] UNIQUE ([CODE])
Use a computed column, which will even work with IDENTITY column values:
CREATE TABLE #This
( Id INT IDENTITY(1,1)
,MyName VARCHAR(10)
,FullName AS (Myname + CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),Id)) PERSISTED);
INSERT #This VALUES ('Item'),('Item');
SELECT * FROM #This;
DROP TABLE #This;
yields the following:
I think it will work if you use Set Identity_Insert <TableName> OFF and after the insert Statement that you wrote just use Set Identity_Insert <TableName> ON.
I am converting bit columns of a particular table to integer through an SQL script (this table has some default constraints for default value).
I have to alter the columns for the table, not runtime casting, What script can be used to accomplish this?
Try using CAST(columnName AS INT) AS IntValue.
e.g.
SELECT columnName, CAST(columnName AS INT) AS IntValue
FROM table
OR you can use CONVERT(INT, columnName) AS IntValue.
UPDATE: If you need to alter the actual metadata of the table, then you first need to drop the constraints then alter the column:
i.e.
ALTER TABLE [Table] DROP CONSTRAINT [ConstraintName];
GO
ALTER TABLE [Table] ALTER COLUMN [ColumnName] INT;
Then recreate any constraints that you need.
If you are concerned about changing the datatype of the column you can use an ALTER query as follows.
ALTER TableName ALTER COLUMN ColumnName INT
Else, only for display purposes, you can use either the CAST or CONVERT function:
CAST(columnName AS INT) AS IntegerVal
CONVERT(int, columnName) AS IntValue
None of the provided solutions worked for me. I had to used Signed or Unsigned instead of INT e.g.
SELECT columnName, CAST(columnName AS SIGNED) AS IntValue
FROM table
Hope this helps for new users.
SELECT CONVERT(BIT,'False') AS test1
SELECT CONVERT(BIT,'True') AS test2
We can't simply alter the BIT column to INT. So I suggest to create the new integer column in the table and then using the CAST, update the new integer column with the existing bit values. Then at last you can drop the BIT column from the table.
Finally I managed to get it working:
ALTER TABLE tblname DROP CONSTRAINT DF_tbl_tblname_tblcol
ALTER TABLE tblname ALTER COLUMN tblcol int not null
ALTER TABLE tblname WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_tbl_tblname_tblcol] DEFAULT (0) FOR tblcol
I have used the above SQL statements to alter the table column along with its constructor.
I believe you could extract the bit column as an integer by just using standard CAST() command:
SELECT
CAS(Bit_Column AS int) AS Int_Column
FROM
YourTable
However, I'm not sure I understand what you're trying to achieve, probably you could get a better answer if you provided more details, such as the structure of the table and its constraints.
You are getting an error related to a default constraint. Thus you have to drop that constraint before altering the column data type...
Try this to find all the constraints based on this table (you just need to find the proper default on your column) or use SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to generate the script for the table, and this will have the default constraint defintion.
select * from sys.all_objects where parent_object_id = object_id('<tablename>')
go
Then first drop the constraint and then alter the column and add the default again.
alter table bittoint drop constraint DF__bittoint__col2__45D500F0
go
alter table bittoint alter column col2 int
go
alter table bittoint add constraint DF__bittoint__col2__45D500F0 default 0 for col2
go
I have a table which has a column 'CompanyID int not null' and its default value is set to 10. Now I want to write a query which will alter this default value to 1. How can can I do it?
Any help will be appreciated. I am using SQL server 2000.
I think the best you can do is drop the constraint and create it again:
alter table dbo.yourTable
drop constraint default_value_name_constraint
go
alter table dbo.yourTable
add constraint default_value_name_constraint default YourValue for ColumnName
go
First, find out the name of the 'constraint' on the field which is used to set the default. You can do this by running this query:
EXEC sp_helpconstraint 'MyTable'
Then, you can just drop and re-add the constraint.
ALTER TABLE dbo.MyTable
DROP CONSTRAINT def_MyTable_CompanyID
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.MyTable
ADD CONSTRAINT def_MyTable_CompanyID DEFAULT (1) FOR CompanyID
GO
ALTER TABLE tablename ALTER COLUMN CompanyID SET DEFAULT 1;
ALTER TABLE tablename ALTER COLUMN CompanyID SET DEFAULT Pending;
I have tried this in mysql and it was giving error near Pending
Then I tried
ALTER TABLE tablename ALTER COLUMN CompanyID SET DEFAULT 'Pending';
which worked fine.
How can I add a column with a default value to an existing table in SQL Server 2000 / SQL Server 2005?
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE {TABLENAME}
ADD {COLUMNNAME} {TYPE} {NULL|NOT NULL}
CONSTRAINT {CONSTRAINT_NAME} DEFAULT {DEFAULT_VALUE}
WITH VALUES
Example:
ALTER TABLE SomeTable
ADD SomeCol Bit NULL --Or NOT NULL.
CONSTRAINT D_SomeTable_SomeCol --When Omitted a Default-Constraint Name is autogenerated.
DEFAULT (0)--Optional Default-Constraint.
WITH VALUES --Add if Column is Nullable and you want the Default Value for Existing Records.
Notes:
Optional Constraint Name:
If you leave out CONSTRAINT D_SomeTable_SomeCol then SQL Server will autogenerate
a Default-Contraint with a funny Name like: DF__SomeTa__SomeC__4FB7FEF6
Optional With-Values Statement:
The WITH VALUES is only needed when your Column is Nullable
and you want the Default Value used for Existing Records.
If your Column is NOT NULL, then it will automatically use the Default Value
for all Existing Records, whether you specify WITH VALUES or not.
How Inserts work with a Default-Constraint:
If you insert a Record into SomeTable and do not Specify SomeCol's value, then it will Default to 0.
If you insert a Record and Specify SomeCol's value as NULL (and your column allows nulls),
then the Default-Constraint will not be used and NULL will be inserted as the Value.
Notes were based on everyone's great feedback below.
Special Thanks to:
#Yatrix, #WalterStabosz, #YahooSerious, and #StackMan for their Comments.
ALTER TABLE Protocols
ADD ProtocolTypeID int NOT NULL DEFAULT(1)
GO
The inclusion of the DEFAULT fills the column in existing rows with the default value, so the NOT NULL constraint is not violated.
When adding a nullable column, WITH VALUES will ensure that the specific DEFAULT value is applied to existing rows:
ALTER TABLE table
ADD column BIT -- Demonstration with NULL-able column added
CONSTRAINT Constraint_name DEFAULT 0 WITH VALUES
ALTER TABLE <table name>
ADD <new column name> <data type> NOT NULL
GO
ALTER TABLE <table name>
ADD CONSTRAINT <constraint name> DEFAULT <default value> FOR <new column name>
GO
ALTER TABLE MYTABLE ADD MYNEWCOLUMN VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT 'SNUGGLES'
The most basic version with two lines only
ALTER TABLE MyTable
ADD MyNewColumn INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
Beware when the column you are adding has a NOT NULL constraint, yet does not have a DEFAULT constraint (value). The ALTER TABLE statement will fail in that case if the table has any rows in it. The solution is to either remove the NOT NULL constraint from the new column, or provide a DEFAULT constraint for it.
Use:
-- Add a column with a default DateTime
-- to capture when each record is added.
ALTER TABLE myTableName
ADD RecordAddedDate SMALLDATETIME NULL DEFAULT (GETDATE())
GO
If you want to add multiple columns you can do it this way for example:
ALTER TABLE YourTable
ADD Column1 INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
Column2 INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
Column3 VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT 'Hello'
GO
To add a column to an existing database table with a default value, we can use:
ALTER TABLE [dbo.table_name]
ADD [Column_Name] BIT NOT NULL
Default ( 0 )
Here is another way to add a column to an existing database table with a default value.
A much more thorough SQL script to add a column with a default value is below including checking if the column exists before adding it also checkin the constraint and dropping it if there is one. This script also names the constraint so we can have a nice naming convention (I like DF_) and if not SQL will give us a constraint with a name which has a randomly generated number; so it's nice to be able to name the constraint too.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Drop COLUMN
-- Name of Column: Column_EmployeeName
-- Name of Table: table_Emplyee
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'table_Emplyee'
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'Column_EmployeeName'
)
BEGIN
IF EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM sys.default_constraints
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[DF_table_Emplyee_Column_EmployeeName]')
AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[table_Emplyee]')
)
BEGIN
------ DROP Contraint
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[table_Emplyee] DROP CONSTRAINT [DF_table_Emplyee_Column_EmployeeName]
PRINT '[DF_table_Emplyee_Column_EmployeeName] was dropped'
END
-- ----- DROP Column -----------------------------------------------------------------
ALTER TABLE [dbo].table_Emplyee
DROP COLUMN Column_EmployeeName
PRINT 'Column Column_EmployeeName in images table was dropped'
END
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- ADD COLUMN Column_EmployeeName IN table_Emplyee table
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'table_Emplyee'
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'Column_EmployeeName'
)
BEGIN
----- ADD Column & Contraint
ALTER TABLE dbo.table_Emplyee
ADD Column_EmployeeName BIT NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT [DF_table_Emplyee_Column_EmployeeName] DEFAULT (0)
PRINT 'Column [DF_table_Emplyee_Column_EmployeeName] in table_Emplyee table was Added'
PRINT 'Contraint [DF_table_Emplyee_Column_EmployeeName] was Added'
END
GO
These are two ways to add a column to an existing database table with a default value.
Use:
ALTER TABLE {TABLENAME}
ADD {COLUMNNAME} {TYPE} {NULL|NOT NULL}
CONSTRAINT {CONSTRAINT_NAME} DEFAULT {DEFAULT_VALUE}
Reference: ALTER TABLE (Transact-SQL) (MSDN)
You can do the thing with T-SQL in the following way.
ALTER TABLE {TABLENAME}
ADD {COLUMNNAME} {TYPE} {NULL|NOT NULL}
CONSTRAINT {CONSTRAINT_NAME} DEFAULT {DEFAULT_VALUE}
As well as you can use SQL Server Management Studio also by right clicking table in the Design menu, setting the default value to table.
And furthermore, if you want to add the same column (if it does not exists) to all tables in database, then use:
USE AdventureWorks;
EXEC sp_msforeachtable
'PRINT ''ALTER TABLE ? ADD Date_Created DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE();''' ;
In SQL Server 2008-R2, I go to the design mode - in a test database - and add my two columns using the designer and made the settings with the GUI, and then the infamous Right-Click gives the option "Generate Change Script"!
Bang up pops a little window with, you guessed it, the properly formatted guaranteed-to-work change script. Hit the easy button.
Alternatively, you can add a default without having to explicitly name the constraint:
ALTER TABLE [schema].[tablename] ADD DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [columnname]
If you have an issue with existing default constraints when creating this constraint then they can be removed by:
alter table [schema].[tablename] drop constraint [constraintname]
This can be done in the SSMS GUI as well. I show a default date below but the default value can be whatever, of course.
Put your table in design view (Right click on the table in object
explorer->Design)
Add a column to the table (or click on the column you want to update if
it already exists)
In Column Properties below, enter (getdate()) or 'abc' or 0 or whatever value you want in Default Value or Binding field as pictured below:
ALTER TABLE ADD ColumnName {Column_Type} Constraint
The MSDN article ALTER TABLE (Transact-SQL) has all of the alter table syntax.
Example:
ALTER TABLE [Employees] ADD Seniority int not null default 0 GO
Example:
ALTER TABLE tes
ADD ssd NUMBER DEFAULT '0';
First create a table with name student:
CREATE TABLE STUDENT (STUDENT_ID INT NOT NULL)
Add one column to it:
ALTER TABLE STUDENT
ADD STUDENT_NAME INT NOT NULL DEFAULT(0)
SELECT *
FROM STUDENT
The table is created and a column is added to an existing table with a default value.
This is for SQL Server:
ALTER TABLE TableName
ADD ColumnName (type) -- NULL OR NOT NULL
DEFAULT (default value)
WITH VALUES
Example:
ALTER TABLE Activities
ADD status int NOT NULL DEFAULT (0)
WITH VALUES
If you want to add constraints then:
ALTER TABLE Table_1
ADD row3 int NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT CONSTRAINT_NAME DEFAULT (0)
WITH VALUES
This has a lot of answers, but I feel the need to add this extended method. This seems a lot longer, but it is extremely useful if you're adding a NOT NULL field to a table with millions of rows in an active database.
ALTER TABLE {schemaName}.{tableName}
ADD {columnName} {datatype} NULL
CONSTRAINT {constraintName} DEFAULT {DefaultValue}
UPDATE {schemaName}.{tableName}
SET {columnName} = {DefaultValue}
WHERE {columName} IS NULL
ALTER TABLE {schemaName}.{tableName}
ALTER COLUMN {columnName} {datatype} NOT NULL
What this will do is add the column as a nullable field and with the default value, update all fields to the default value (or you can assign more meaningful values), and finally it will change the column to be NOT NULL.
The reason for this is if you update a large scale table and add a new not null field it has to write to every single row and hereby will lock out the entire table as it adds the column and then writes all the values.
This method will add the nullable column which operates a lot faster by itself, then fills the data before setting the not null status.
I've found that doing the entire thing in one statement will lock out one of our more active tables for 4-8 minutes and quite often I have killed the process. This method each part usually takes only a few seconds and causes minimal locking.
Additionally, if you have a table in the area of billions of rows it may be worth batching the update like so:
WHILE 1=1
BEGIN
UPDATE TOP (1000000) {schemaName}.{tableName}
SET {columnName} = {DefaultValue}
WHERE {columName} IS NULL
IF ##ROWCOUNT < 1000000
BREAK;
END
Try this
ALTER TABLE Product
ADD ProductID INT NOT NULL DEFAULT(1)
GO
SQL Server + Alter Table + Add Column + Default Value uniqueidentifier
ALTER TABLE Product
ADD ReferenceID uniqueidentifier not null
default (cast(cast(0 as binary) as uniqueidentifier))
--Adding Value with Default Value
ALTER TABLE TestTable
ADD ThirdCol INT NOT NULL DEFAULT(0)
GO
IF NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME ='TABLENAME' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'COLUMNNAME'
)
BEGIN
ALTER TABLE TABLENAME ADD COLUMNNAME Nvarchar(MAX) Not Null default
END
Add a new column to a table:
ALTER TABLE [table]
ADD Column1 Datatype
For example,
ALTER TABLE [test]
ADD ID Int
If the user wants to make it auto incremented then:
ALTER TABLE [test]
ADD ID Int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL
Try with the below query:
ALTER TABLE MyTable
ADD MyNewColumn DataType DEFAULT DefaultValue
This will add a new column into the Table.
This can be done by the below code.
CREATE TABLE TestTable
(FirstCol INT NOT NULL)
GO
------------------------------
-- Option 1
------------------------------
-- Adding New Column
ALTER TABLE TestTable
ADD SecondCol INT
GO
-- Updating it with Default
UPDATE TestTable
SET SecondCol = 0
GO
-- Alter
ALTER TABLE TestTable
ALTER COLUMN SecondCol INT NOT NULL
GO
There are 2 different ways to address this problem.
Both adds a default value but adds a totally different meaning to the problem statement here.
Lets start with creating some sample data.
Create Sample Data
CREATE TABLE ExistingTable (ID INT)
GO
INSERT INTO ExistingTable (ID)
VALUES (1), (2), (3)
GO
SELECT *
FROM ExistingTable
1.Add Columns with Default Value for Future Inserts
ALTER TABLE ExistingTable
ADD ColWithDefault VARCHAR(10) DEFAULT 'Hi'
GO
So now as we have added a default column when we are inserting a new record it will default it's value to 'Hi' if value not provided
INSERT INTO ExistingTable(ID)
VALUES (4)
GO
Select * from ExistingTable
GO
Well this addresses our problem to have default value but here is a catch to the problem.
What if we want to have default value in all the columns not just the future inserts???
For this we have Method 2.
2.Add Column with Default Value for ALL Inserts
ALTER TABLE ExistingTable
ADD DefaultColWithVal VARCHAR(10) DEFAULT 'DefaultAll'
WITH VALUES
GO
Select * from ExistingTable
GO
The following script will add a new column with a default value in every possible scenario.
Hope it adds value to the question asked.
Thanks.
Well, I now have some modification to my previous answer. I have noticed that none of the answers mentioned IF NOT EXISTS. So I am going to provide a new solution of it as I have faced some problems altering the table.
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns WHERE table_name = 'TaskSheet' AND column_name = 'IsBilledToClient')
BEGIN
ALTER TABLE dbo.TaskSheet ADD
IsBilledToClient bit NOT NULL DEFAULT ((1))
END
GO
Here TaskSheet is the particular table name and IsBilledToClient is the new column which you are going to insert and 1 the default value. That means in the new column what will be the value of the existing rows, therefore one will be set automatically there. However, you can change as you wish with the respect of the column type like I have used BIT, so I put in default value 1.
I suggest the above system, because I have faced a problem. So what is the problem? The problem is, if the IsBilledToClient column does exists in the table table then if you execute only the portion of the code given below you will see an error in the SQL server Query builder. But if it does not exist then for the first time there will be no error when executing.
ALTER TABLE {TABLENAME}
ADD {COLUMNNAME} {TYPE} {NULL|NOT NULL}
CONSTRAINT {CONSTRAINT_NAME} DEFAULT {DEFAULT_VALUE}
[WITH VALUES]