Sometimes I try test scenarios between several schemas , deleting/modifying tables , inserting/updating/deleting queries , some schemas are testing and the others are Important for production. so sometimes by accident I run queries in wrong schemas. so the commit functionality does really help in this scenario.
however Truncate table tab1 doesnt need commit, and if I execute it in a wrong schema .. well you know the scneario.
My question: Is there a workarround like the commit for truncate table like the DML Statment ? If you delete a statment you have to include a commit, or in plsql you have to click the green button to commit.
I use such check , its really annoying every time I want to truncate I have to modify the condition.
select count(1) into cnt from tab1 if cnt =0 then execute'Truncate table tab1'; end if;
I am not searching for flashback. I need a checking on truncate table
As #Boneist said, truncate is DDL statement which implicitly commits. If you are not sure of the action you do in a schema, and want to commit only after a manual verification, then do not TRUNCATE, use DELETE instead.
With DELETE statement, you could control the commit. Having said that, TRUNCATE resets the high watermark back to zero, however, DELETE doesn't. Even if you delete all the rows from the table, Oracle would scan all the blocks under the HWM. Have a look at this AskTom link.
If you are looking to bring back the truncated data, and if you are on 11gR2 and up, you could use the Flashback support for DDL statements.
TRUNCATE is a DDL statement, not DML, and DDL statements automatically include commits. See https://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:0%3A%3A%3A%3AP11_QUESTION_ID:7072180788422 for more info.
I'm not entirely sure I understand what it is you're trying to do - you could, as Tom suggests, perhaps use an autonomous transaction to keep the truncate separate? If you're after the ability to separate the commit part from the truncate part (ie. to rollback the truncate if you decide you called it in error), then I'm afraid you're out of luck.
This question already has answers here:
What's the difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE in SQL
(32 answers)
Closed 9 years ago.
*Delete is a DML(Data Manipulation Language). Delete command deletes records from the existing table.*The syntax for Delete is
sql> Delete from .
This Deletes All the Record From The TAble
sql> Delete from
Where **
This deletes a particular set of records.
Note:Delete is not Autocommit Statement(In fact none of the DML are auto commit)
Drop and Truncate both are DDL(Data Definition Language).
Drop {Delete or drops} the table with it's structure. It is autocommit statement. Drops Once fired can not be rolled back.
syntax:
sql>drop table
Truncate is the command used to delete all record from table. but the structure of the table remain same.It is also a autocommit statement.
syntax;
sql>truncate table**
Can we rollback the truncate?
DELETE handles rows chosen with a WHERE statement. Its use is part of the discipline of running production applications. For example, you might DELETE all rows that have been marked "complete" more than a month ago.
DELETE can be done as part of a transaction. That is, DELETE operations can be committed or rolled back.
TRUNCATE rapidly removes all rows from a table while maintaining the table definition. (Row by row DELETE can take time, especially for tables with lots of keys.) It comes in handy for such things as log tables that start out empty for each week's production. It has the convenient side effect of resetting the indexes and releasing unused disk storage. I have used TRUNCATE to wipe out the contents of a log table that used to contain millions of rows, to switch to an operational discipline where it only contains a weeks' worth of rows, for example.
DROP rapidly removes all rows and the table's definition. It's used most often in connection with setting up a DBMS schema for operations or migrating data to a new server.
TRUNCATE and DROP are considered data definition statements. As such they can't be part of transactions, and can't be rolled back.
If you find yourself using TRUNCATE or DROP in routine production, you should be careful to understand why you're doing so. They are blunt instruments compared to DELETE.
The DELETE command is used to remove rows from a table. A WHERE clause can be used to only remove some rows.
TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table. The operation cannot be rolled back and no triggers will be fired.
The DROP command removes a table from the database. All the tables' rows, indexes and privileges will also be removed. No DML triggers will be fired.
Check this out,
"Drop" removes the table completely. It no longer exists.
"Truncate" is a fast way of removing all the rows from the table.
"Delete" removes rows that match a condition.
see also: What's the difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE in SQL
I need to delete all rows of a table containing a bunch of files. Doing a simple DELETE FROM will more or less lock up the computer because of the sheer number of rows and size of files. I'm looking to create a SQL script that will accomplish this task without locking up my computer, can anyone point me in the right direction for this?
Thank you in advance.
Did you try TRUNCATE - this will delete everything.
TRUNCATE TABLE yourTable
from MSDN
TRUNCATE TABLE is similar to the DELETE statement with no WHERE clause; however, TRUNCATE TABLE is faster and uses fewer system and transaction log resources.
Compared to the DELETE statement, TRUNCATE TABLE has the following
advantages:
Less transaction log space is used.
The DELETE statement removes rows one at a time and records an entry
in the transaction log for each deleted row. TRUNCATE TABLE removes
the data by deallocating the data pages used to store the table data
and records only the page deallocations in the transaction log.
Fewer locks are typically used.
When the DELETE statement is executed using a row lock, each row in
the table is locked for deletion. TRUNCATE TABLE always locks the
table and page but not each row.
Without exception, zero pages are left in the table.
After a DELETE statement is executed, the table can still contain
empty pages. For example, empty pages in a heap cannot be deallocated
without at least an exclusive (LCK_M_X) table lock. If the delete
operation does not use a table lock, the table (heap) will contain
many empty pages. For indexes, the delete operation can leave empty
pages behind, although these pages will be deallocated quickly by a
background cleanup process.
(I've tried this in MySql)
I believe they're semantically equivalent. Why not identify this trivial case and speed it up?
truncate table cannot be rolled back, it is like dropping and recreating the table.
...just to add some detail.
Calling the DELETE statement tells the database engine to generate a transaction log of all the records deleted. In the event the delete was done in error, you can restore your records.
Calling the TRUNCATE statement is a blanket "all or nothing" that removes all the records with no transaction log to restore from. It is definitely faster, but should only be done when you're sure you don't need any of the records you're going to remove.
Delete from table deletes each row from the one at a time and adds a record into the transaction log so that the operation can be rolled back. The time taken to delete is also proportional to the number of indexes on the table, and if there are any foreign key constraints (for innodb).
Truncate effectively drops the table and recreates it and can not be performed within a transaction. It therefore required fewer operations and executes quickly. Truncate also does not make use of any on delete triggers.
Exact details about why this is quicker in MySql can be found in the MySql documentation:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/truncate-table.html
Your question was about MySQL and I know little to nothing about MySQL as a product but I thought I'd add that in SQL Server a TRUNCATE statement can be rolled back. Try it for yourself
create table test1 (col1 int)
go
insert test1 values(3)
begin tran
truncate table test1
select * from test1
rollback tran
select * from test1
In SQL Server TRUNCATE is logged, it's just not logged in such a verbose way as DELETE is logged. I believe it's referred to as a minimally logged operation. Effectively the data pages still contain the data but their extents have been marked for deletion. As long as the data pages still exist you can roll back the truncate. Hope this is helpful. I'd be interested to know the results if somebody tries it on MySQL.
For MySql 5 using InnoDb as the storage engine, TRUNCATE acts just like DELETE without a WHERE clause: i.e. for large tables it takes ages because it deletes rows one-by-one. This is changing in version 6.x.
see
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/truncate-table.html
for 5.1 info (row-by-row with InnoDB) and
http://blogs.mysql.com/peterg/category/personal-opinion/
for changes in 6.x
Editor's note
This answer is clearly contradicted by the MySQL documentation:
"For an InnoDB table before version 5.0.3, InnoDB processes TRUNCATE TABLE by deleting rows one by one. As of MySQL 5.0.3, row by row deletion is used only if there are any FOREIGN KEY constraints that reference the table. If there are no FOREIGN KEY constraints, InnoDB performs fast truncation by dropping the original table and creating an empty one with the same definition, which is much faster than deleting rows one by one."
Truncate is on a table level, while Delete is on a row level. If you would translate this to sql in an other syntax, truncate would be:
DELETE * FROM table
thus deleting all rows at once, while DELETE statement (in PHPMyAdmin) goes like:
DELETE * FROM table WHERE id = 1
DELETE * FROM table WHERE id = 2
Just until the table is empty. Each query taking a number of (milli)seconds which add up to taking longer than a truncate.
I have some tables that I build as a part of my report rollup. I don't need them afterwards at all. Someone mentioned to truncate them as it would be faster.
Deleting records from a table logs every deletion and executes delete triggers for the records deleted. Truncate is a more powerful command that empties a table without logging each row. SQL Server prevents you from truncating a table with foreign keys referencing it, because of the need to check the foreign keys on each row.
Truncate is normally ultra-fast, ideal for cleaning out data from a temporary table. It does preserve the structure of the table for future use.
If you actually want to remove the table definitions as well as the data, simply drop the tables.
See this MSDN article for more info
DROP TABLE deletes the table.
TRUNCATE TABLE empties it, but leaves its structure for future data.
DROP and TRUNC do different things:
TRUNCATE TABLE
Removes all rows from a table without
logging the individual row deletions.
TRUNCATE TABLE is similar to the
DELETE statement with no WHERE clause;
however, TRUNCATE TABLE is faster and
uses fewer system and transaction log
resources.
DROP TABLE
Removes one or more table definitions
and all data, indexes, triggers,
constraints, and permission
specifications for those tables.
As far as speed is concerned the difference should be small. And anyway if you don't need the table structure at all, certainly use DROP.
I think you means the difference between DELETE TABLE and TRUNCATE TABLE.
DROP TABLE
remove the table from the database.
DELETE TABLE
without a condition delete all rows. If there are trigger and references then this will process for every row. Also a index will be modify if there one.
TRUNCATE TABLE
set the row count zero and without logging each row. That it is many faster as the other both.
None of these answer point out an important difference about these two operations. Drop table is an operation that can be rolled back. However, truncate cannot be rolled back ['TRUNCATE TABLE' can be rolled back as well]. In this way dropping a very large table can be very expensive if there are many rows, because they all have to be recorded in a temporary space in case you decide to roll it back.
Usually, if I want to get rid of a large table, I will truncate it, then drop it. This way the data will be nixed without record, and the table can be dropped, and that drop will be very inexpensive because no data needs to be recorded.
It is important to point out though that truncate just deletes data, leaving the table, while drop will, in fact, delete the data and the table itself. (assuming foreign keys don't preclude such an action)
DROP Table
DROP TABLE [table_name];
The DROP command is used to remove a table from the database. It is a DDL command. All the rows, indexes and privileges of the table will also be removed. DROP operation cannot be rolled back.
DELETE Table
DELETE FROM [table_name]
WHERE [condition];
DELETE FROM [table_name];
The DELETE command is a DML command. It can be used to delete all the rows or some rows from the table based on the condition specified in WHERE clause. It is executed using a row lock, each row in the table is locked for deletion. It maintain the transaction log, so it is slower than TRUNCATE.
DELETE operations can be rolled back.
TRUNCATE Table
TRUNCATE TABLE [table_name];
The TRUNCATE command removes all rows from a table. It won't log the deletion of each row, instead it logs the deallocation of the data pages of the table, which makes it faster than DELETE. It is executed using a table lock and whole table is locked for remove all records. It is a DDL command. TRUNCATE operations cannot be rolled back.
TRUNCATE TABLE keeps all of your old indexing and whatnot. DROP TABLE would, obviously, get rid of the table and require you to recreate it later.
Drop gets rid of the table completely, removing the definition as well. Truncate empties the table but does not get rid of the definition.
Truncating the table empties the table. Dropping the table deletes it entirely. Either one will be fast, but dropping it will likely be faster (depending on your database engine).
If you don't need it anymore, drop it so it's not cluttering up your schema.
DELETE TableA instead of TRUNCATE TableA?
A common misconception is that they do the same thing. Not
so. In fact, there are many differences between the two.
DELETE is a logged operation on a per row basis. This means
that the deletion of each row gets logged and physically deleted.
You can DELETE any row that will not violate a constraint, while leaving the foreign key or any other contraint in place.
TRUNCATE is also a logged operation, but in a different way.
TRUNCATE logs the deallocation of the data pages in which the data
exists. The deallocation of data pages means that your data
rows still actually exist in the data pages, but the
extents have been marked as empty for reuse. This is what
makes TRUNCATE a faster operation to perform over DELETE.
You cannot TRUNCATE a table that has any foreign key
constraints. You will have to remove the contraints, TRUNCATE the
table, and reapply the contraints.
TRUNCATE will reset any identity columns to the default seed
value.
truncate removes all the rows, but not the table itself, it is essentially equivalent to deleting with no where clause, but usually faster.
I have a correction for one of the statements above... "truncate cannot be rolled back"
Truncate can be rolled back. There are some cases when you can't do a truncate or drop table, such as when you have a foreign key reference. For a task such as monthly reporting, I'd probably just drop the table once I didn't need it anymore. If I was doing this rollup reporting more often then I'd probably keep the table instead and use truncate.
Hope this helps, here's some more info that you should find useful...
Please see the following article for more details:
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/denis_gobo/archive/2007/06/13/1458.aspx
Also, for more details on delete vs. truncate, see this article:
http://www.sql-server-performance.com/faq/delete_truncate_difference_p1.aspx
Thanks!
Jeff
TRUNCATE TABLE is functionally
identical to DELETE statement with no
WHERE clause: both remove all rows in
the table. But TRUNCATE TABLE is
faster and uses fewer system and
transaction log resources than DELETE.
The DELETE statement removes rows one
at a time and records an entry in the
transaction log for each deleted row.
TRUNCATE TABLE removes the data by
deallocating the data pages used to
store the table's data, and only the
page deallocations are recorded in the
transaction log.
TRUNCATE TABLE removes all rows from a
table, but the table structure and its
columns, constraints, indexes and so
on remain. The counter used by an
identity for new rows is reset to the
seed for the column. If you want to
retain the identity counter, use
DELETE instead. If you want to remove
table definition and its data, use the
DROP TABLE statement.
You cannot use TRUNCATE TABLE on a
table referenced by a FOREIGN KEY
constraint; instead, use DELETE
statement without a WHERE clause.
Because TRUNCATE TABLE is not logged,
it cannot activate a trigger.
TRUNCATE TABLE may not be used on
tables participating in an indexed
view.
From http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa260621(SQL.80).aspx
In the SQL standard, DROP table removes the table and the table schema - TRUNCATE removes all rows.
The answers here match up to the question, but I'm going to answer the question you didn't ask. "Should I use truncate or delete?" If you are removing all rows from a table, you'll typically want to truncate, since it's much much faster. Why is it much faster? At least in the case of Oracle, it resets the high water mark. This is basically a dereferencing of the data and allows the db to reuse it for something else.
DELETE VS TRUNCATE
The DELETE statement removes rows one at a time and records an entry in the transaction
log for each deleted row. TRUNCATE TABLE removes the data by deallocating the data
pages used to store the table data and records only the page deallocations in the
transaction log
We can use WHERE clause in DELETE but in TRUNCATE you cannot use it
When the DELETE statement is executed using a row lock, each row in the table is locked
for deletion. TRUNCATE TABLE always locks the table and page but not each row
After a DELETE statement is executed, the table can still contain empty pages.If the
delete operation does not use a table lock, the table (heap) will contain many empty
pages. For indexes, the delete operation can leave empty pages behind, although these
pages will be deallocated quickly by a background cleanup process
TRUNCATE TABLE removes all rows from a table, but the table structure and its columns,
constraints, indexes, and so on remain
DELETE statement doesn't RESEED identity column but TRUNCATE statement RESEEDS the
IDENTITY column
You cannot use TRUNCATE TABLE on tables that:
Are referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint. (You can truncate a table that has a
foreign key that references itself.)
Participate in an indexed view.
Are published by using transactional replication or merge replication
TRUNCATE TABLE cannot activate a trigger because the operation does not log individual
row deletions
Drop
drop whole table and all its structure
truncate
delete all rows from table
it is different from delete that it also delete indexes of rows
Delete Statement
Delete Statement delete table rows and return the number of rows is deleted from the table.in this statement, we use where clause to deleted data from the table
Delete Statement is slower than Truncate statement because it deleted records one by one
Truncate Statement
Truncate statement Deleted or removing all the rows from the table.
It is faster than the Delete Statement because it deleted all the records from the table
Truncate statement not return the no of rows are deleted from the table
Drop statement
Drop statement deleted all records as well as the structure of the table
DELETE
The DELETE command is used to remove rows from a table. A WHERE clause can be used to only remove some rows. If no WHERE condition is specified, all rows will be removed. After performing a DELETE operation you need to
COMMIT or ROLLBACK the transaction to make the change permanent or to undo it.
TRUNCATE
TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table. The operation cannot be rolled back ... As such, TRUCATE is faster and doesn't use as much undo space as a DELETE.
From: http://www.orafaq.com/faq/difference_between_truncate_delete_and_drop_commands