I've had significant success with NSURL, NSURL[Mutable]Request, NSURLConnection with my iPhone applications. When trying to compile a stand alone Cocoa application, 10 line program to make a simple HTTP request, there are zero compiler errors or warnings. The program compiles fine, yet the HTTP Request is never made to my web server (I'm running a tcpdump and watching Apache logs in parallel). When I run very similar code in an iPhone app, essentially copy/pasted as evil as that is, all works golden.
I kept the code for the 'obj' declaration in the delegate to NSURLConnection out of this code snippet for the sake of simplicity. I'm also passing the following to gcc:
gcc -o foo foo.m -lobjc -framework cocoa
Thanks for any insight.
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
NSString * urlstr = #"http://tmp/test.php";
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
NSObject *obj = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString: urlstr];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
if([request isKindOfClass:[NSMutableURLRequest class]])
NSLog(#"request is of type NSMutableURLRequest");
[request setHTTPMethod:#"GET"];
[request setCachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData];
NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc]
initWithRequest:request
delegate:obj
startImmediately:YES];
if(connection)
NSLog(#"We do have a connection.");
[pool release];
return 0;
}
The other poster pretty much answered this for you, but I thought I would just add a few things.
First, you don't really need to link to Cocoa for this, just linking to the Foundation framework is okay. Also, since you don't need a connection to the Window Server, you can get rid of the [NSApplication sharedApplicaiton] call. If you want just a simple, console test application to start with, use what you have now and add this before your [pool realease] call:
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
Please note, however, that this will block and may actually never return. Before calling this, you can add a timer if you want your code to actually do something in the background :) See the documentation on NSRunLoop for more ways to use this.
NSURLConnection is an asynchronous API that relies upon NSRunLoop. Your posted code never creates a run loop for the connection to run in. Therefore, I presume Cocoa is unable to create the connection and so returns nil. Things to look into:
1) Anything in the console? Is NSURLConnection throwing an exception or logging an error?
2) What happens if you use the synchronous API instead? +[NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:returningResponse:error:]
3) What is the point of this code? Cocoa is not designed for running directly from a main() function yourself. Is there a particular reason why you are not using the Xcode-provided application templates that will take care of setting up run loop, autorelease pool etc.?
Related
I'm new to objective-c and I'm building an app that requires a background polling to a generic API to refresh some data on my user interface.
After several hours looking for an answer/example that fits my problem I came across some solutions like the following:
long polling in objective-C
polling an external server from an app when it is launched
Poll to TCP server every hour ios
http://blog.sortedbits.com/async-downloading-of-data/
but unfortunately none of them covers my scenario which is really basic:
I need to start a polling when viewDidLoad, let's say an infinite loop, and on every iteration, let's say every 10 seconds, to call an API and when I didReceiveData I want to log that data into the console with an NSLog, obviously this can't be done on the main thread.
What I really need is a very simple example on how to do that, and with simple I mean:
I can't implement long polling/push notifications for many reasons and not looking for a way to do it, lets' just assume I cannot.
I don't want to rely on fancy frameworks like LRResty, RESTKit, AFNetworking or anything else since I don't really need them and also I can't believe that there is no SDK bulletin that can cover this basic scenario.
I don't need anything else besides what I described, so no authentication, no parameters in my request, no response handling etc. (since I'm new to objective-c and stuff not strictly needed could just be more confusing to me...)
The solution I'm looking for could be something like this (using NSOperationQueue to run my loop into a separate thread):
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//To run polling on a separate thread
operationQueue = [NSOperationQueue new];
NSInvocationOperation *operation=[[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:#selector(doPolling) object:nil];
[operationQueue addOperation:operation];
}
-(void)doPolling {
MyDao *myDao = [MyDao new];
while (true) {
[myDao callApi];
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:10];
}
}
// and in MyDao
-(void)callApi {
NSMutableString *url= [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:#"%#",#"http:www.example.it"];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]];
request.HTTPMethod = #"GET";
self.conn= [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];
if(self.conn){
[self.conn start];
}
}
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
NSLog(#"didReceiveData %s","yes");
}
but unfortunately as stated here: Asynchronous NSURLConnection with NSOperation looks like I cannot do that.
Please help, I refuse to believe that there isn't a simple straightforward solution for this basic scenario.
I know that people have asked this but I have not found satisfactory answers. I have one method that I send all my URLRequests through. I return the response of the request as a string when the method completes. I have recently added ssl to my program. This means that I can no longer use a synchronous request because I need to take advantage of the didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge function as my credentials are currently self-signing. The program needs the response from the URL in order to continue so there is not harm in waiting for the response. However, I cannot seem to find a way to just hold the code up and continue once completed. I can alert the original function that called to request function but I would like the program to pick up right after that call. And it has unique code below such calls so I cannot specialize the connectionDidFinishLoading: function because each method who calls this is different.
How can I pause the program so I can return the nsdata from the connection to the methods that called it?
Here is some pseudo-code to show you what I mean:
- (void) login:(NSString *)username :(NSString *)password {
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:%#"%#:::%#",username,password];
NSURL *url = [NSURL urlWithString:#"https://blahblahblah"];
NSString *result = [self connectToUrl:str:url];
if ([result isEqualToString:#"valid"]) {
//this would be more complex in here
NSLog(#"hooray");
} else {
NSLog(#"bummer");
}
}
- (NSString *)connectToUrl:(NSURL *)url :(NSString *)str {
NSData *FileData = [str dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSMutableData *data = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithCapacity:100];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
[request setHTTPMethod:#"POST"];
//set up the rest of the request...
...
connection = [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
[connection start];
//WOULD LIKE TO PAUSE HERE UNTIL COMPLETE! THEN CONTINUE
// received data is assigned in didReceiveData: method
return [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:receivedData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] autorelease];
}
But alas, I cannot do this because I cannot make the final line wait until the connection is complete... Please help me!
Very appreciative!
R
iOS and OS X and much of the Cocoa/Cocoa touch frameworks are built on an event model. You don't pause your app. That's not the proper approach. You need to start the connection and then move on. When the connection completes, you act on that event.
In other words, your login method can't sit and wait for the result. It should start the connection and return.
When you get the result of the connection you call some method to process the login result.
Making use of blocks can make things like this easier but there are other ways. You just need to stop thinking about such things in a linear fashion. Dealing with asynchronous processing requires a different approach.
I am writing a network class for an iOS app. This class will take care of all logging and network traffic. I have a problem where I have to send possibly thousands of requests at one time, but NSURLConnections are timing out because the delegate methods will not be called until all the NSURLConnections are started, by which time the timeout period has expired. I am using a rest API for Drupal and, unfortunately, I do not know of a way to create multiple instances with one request. How can I receive responses while simultaneously sending them? If I use GCD to pass off the creation of the NSURLConnections, will that solve the problem? I think I would have to pass the entire operation of iterating over the objects to send and sending to GCD to free up the main thread to answer to responses.
-(BOOL)sendOperation:(NetworkOperation)op
NetworkDataType:(NetworkDataType)dataType
JsonToSend:(NSArray *)json
BackupData:(NSArray *)data
{
if(loggingMode)
{
return YES;
}
NSURLConnection *networkConnection;
NSData *send;
NSString *uuid = [self generateUUID];
NSMutableArray *connections = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSMutableURLRequest *networkRequest;
for (int i=0; i<[json count] && (data ? i<[data count] : YES); i++)
{
if(op == Login)
{
/*Grab all cookies from the server domain and delete them, this prevents login failure
because user was already logged in. Probably find a better solution like recovering
from the error*/
NSArray *cookies = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookiesForURL:
[[NSURL alloc] initWithString:networkServerAddress]];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookies)
{
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie];
}
networkRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:
[NSURL URLWithString:[networkServerAddress stringByAppendingString:#"/user/login"]]];
}
else if(op == StartExperiment)
{
networkRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:
[NSURL URLWithString:[networkServerAddress stringByAppendingString:#"/node"]]];
}
else if(op == Event || op == EndExperiment || op == SendAll)
{
networkRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:
[NSURL URLWithString:[networkServerAddress stringByAppendingString:#"/node"]]];
}
else if(op == Logout)
{
networkRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:
[NSURL URLWithString:[networkServerAddress stringByAppendingString:#"/user/logout"]]];
}
send = [[json objectAtIndex:i] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
//Set the headers appropriately
[networkRequest setHTTPMethod:#"POST"];
[networkRequest setValue:#"application/json"
forHTTPHeaderField: #"Content-type"];
[networkRequest setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:#"%d", [send length]]
forHTTPHeaderField:#"Content-length"];
[networkRequest setValue:#"application/json"
forHTTPHeaderField:#"Accept"];
//Set the body to the json encoded string
[networkRequest setHTTPBody:send];
//Starts async request
networkConnection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:networkRequest delegate:self];
//Successfully created, we are off
if(networkConnection)
{
[networkConnectionsAndData setValue:[[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:uuid,
[[NSNumber alloc] initWithInt:op], [[NSNumber alloc] initWithInt:dataType], [[NSMutableData alloc] init], (data ? [data objectAtIndex:i] : [NSNull null]), nil]
forKey:[networkConnection description]];
}
else //Failed to conn ect
{
NSLog(#"Failed to create NSURLConnection");
return NO;
}
}
[[self networkOperationAndConnections] setObject:[[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:[[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:connections, nil], #"connections", [[NSMutableArray alloc] init], #"errors", nil]
forKey:uuid];
return YES;
}
The dictionaries are used to keep track of the correlating data with each NSURLConnection and also to group the NSURLConnections together into one group to determine ultimate success or failure of an entire operation.
Update
AFNetworking was key in finishing this project. It not only cleaned up the code substantially, but dealt with all the threading issues inherit in sending so many requests. Not to mention with AFNetworking I could batch all the requests together into a single operation. Using blocks, like AFNetworking uses, was a much cleaner and better solution than the standard delegates for NSURLConnections.
You definitely need to allow the NSURLRequest / Connection to be operating on another thread. (Not the main thread!)
Edited for clarity**:
I noticed your comment of "//Starts async request" and I wanted to be sure you realized that your call there is not what you would expect out of a typical "asynch" function. Really its just firing off the request synchronously, but since its a web request it inherently behaves asynchronously. You want to actually place these requests on a another thread for full asynch behavior.
Everything else aside, I really suggest digging into Apple's networking example project here: MVCNetworking
As for specifics on your question, there's a couple ways to do this.
One is to keep your connection from starting immediately using initWithRequest:<blah> delegate:<blah> startImmediately:FALSE and then schedule your NSURLConnection instances on another thread's run-loop using: scheduleInRunLoop:forMode:
(Note: You then have to kick off the connection by calling start-- it's best to do this via an NSOperation + NSOperationQueue.)
Or use this static method on NSURLConnection to create/launch the connection instead of doing an alloc/init: sendAsynchronousRequest:queue:completionHandler:
(Note: this approach accomplishes pretty much same as above but obfuscates the details and takes some of the control out of your hands.)
To be honest my quick answers above won't be sufficient to finish this kind of project, and you'll need to do a bit of research to fill in the blanks, especially for the NSOperationQueue, and that's where the MVCNetworking project will help you.
Network connections are a fickle beast -- You can time-out and kill your connections even if they're running on a background thread simply by trying to perform too much work simultaneously! I would seriously reconsider opening up several thousand NSURLConnections at once, and using an NSOperationQueue would help work around this.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
Here's a 3rd party library that may make your networking adventures less painful:
https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking
http://engineering.gowalla.com/2011/10/24/afnetworking/
I read this in a book.
-(IBAction) updateTweets
{
tweetsView.text = #"";
[tweetsData release];
tweetsData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:#"http://twitter.com/statuses/public_timeline.xml" ];
NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL: url];
NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];
[connection release];
[request release];
[activityIndicator startAnimating];
}
In this statement,is that correct to release the "connection" instance at that time? After releasing it which means this NSURLConnection instance will be destroyed since it's reference count is 0 ,how are we going to make this connection operation work after release this instance? THANKS.
I thought we should release it in one of the following callback methods,right?
connectionDidFinishLoading:
connection:didFailWithError:
It's actually fine to release it there, once the connection is sent out via initWithRequest, the only thing that matters is that the delegate exists or I believe the response will just be silently lost.
From what I can tell, the only reason to not release it there is if you want to call [connection cancel] at some point in one of the delegate functions, in which case it would be best to do what you suggest and release it in BOTH connectionDidFinishLoading and didFailWithError since only one of them will be called (right?).
Edit: For a more thorough answer, NSURLConnection initWithRequest is an asynchronous request. So it actually spawns it's own thread (but calls the delegate functions on the thread that called initWithRequest). So basically, on the thread that calls initWithRequest you are actually done with the connection object and you can release it. All the while it's doing stuff on some other thread that you don't need to be concerned with.
Also I should note that if you do release it there, make sure you DON'T release it in the finish/fail methods, because it won't be a valid object.
See also:
Objective-C Asynchronous Web Request with Cookies
I spent a day writing this code and can anyone tell me what is wrong here?
WSHelper is inherited from NSObject, I even tried NSDocument and NSObjectController and everything..
-(void) loadUrl: (NSString*) urlStr{
url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:urlStr];
request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url cachePolicy: NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData timeoutInterval: 60.0];
connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self startImmediately:YES];
if(connection)
{
receivedData = [[NSMutableData data] retain];
//[connection start];
}
else
{ display error etc... }
NSApplication * app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
[app runModalForWindow: waitWindow];// <-- this is the problem...
}
-(void)connection: (NSURLConnection*)connection didReceiveData:(NSData*)data{
progressText = #"Receiving Data...";
[receivedData appendData:data];
}
-(void)connection: (NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
progressText = #"Error...";
NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
[alert setMessageText:[error localizedDescription]];
[alert runModal];
}
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection{
progressText = #"Done...";
pData = [[NSData alloc] initWithData:receivedData];
[self hideWindow];
}
The code just wont do anything, it doesnt progress at all. I even tried it with/without startImmediately:YES but no luck !!!, this is executed in main window so even the thread and its run loop is running successfully.
I tried calling synchronous request, and it is working correctly !! But I need async solution.
I have added CoreServices.Framework in project, is there anything more I should be adding to the project? any compiler settings? Or do i have to initialize anything before I can use NSURLConnection?
Any solution to run NSURLConnection on different thread on its own NSRunLoop, Objective-C and MAC Development has no sample code anywhere in documentation that makes everything so difficult to code.
I also met the same problem that didn't get the delegate method called when using NSURLConnection in a Modal Window.
after some investigation, following code resolve it.
NSURLConnection* conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:requst delegate:self startImmediately:NO];
[conn scheduleRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSModalPanelRunLoopMode];
[conn start];
However, when connectionDidFinishLoading called, [NSApp stopModal] doesn't work, need call [NSApp abortModal] instead.
Firstly you're making starting the connection too complicated. Change to:
connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self]
Remove [connection start]. Now:
Is your app definitely running the run loop normally? NSURLConnection requires this to work.
Are you able to perform a synchronous load of the URL request?
In the debugger, can you see that url is what you expect it to be? What is it?
Is it possible that you're deallocating WSHelper before any delegate messages are received? NSURLConnection is asynchoronous after all.
One does not need to do anything special to use NSURLConnection, it's a straightforward part of the Foundation framework. No special compiler settings required. No initialization before use. Nothing. Please don't start blindly trying stuff like bringing in CoreServices.Framework.
As sending the request synchronously works, there must be something wrong with your handling of the asynchronous aspect. It could be:
The runloop is not running in NSDefaultRunLoopMode so the connection is unable to schedule itself.
Some other part of your code is calling -cancel on the connection before it has a chance to load.
You are managing to deallocate the connection before it has a chance to load.
Real problem
Ah, in fact I've just realised what's going on. You are calling:
-[NSApp runModalForWindow:]
Read the description of what this method does. It's not running the run loop like NSURLConnection expects. I'd say that really, you don't want to be presenting a window quite like this while running a URL connection for it.
I'd also suggest that you implement the -connection:didReceiveResponse: delegate method too. You want to check here that the server is returning the expected status code.
You say that you're using this in a modal dialog? A modal dialog puts the run loop into a different mode. You should be able to get this to work by scheduling it to run in the modal dialog run loop mode, in addition to the normal run loop mode. Try adding this line of code after you allocate connection in loadURL:
[connection scheduleInRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSModalPanelRunLoopMode];
Hope that helps.
How do you know it isn't doing anything? Are there any error or warning messages during the compile? Are any error messages showing up on console when the program is running?
Have you tries setting breakpoints in your code and following through what you expect to be happening?