I'm trying to generate 2 series of timestamps with 30 minute interval like so:
interval_start,interval_end
2023-01-30 05:30:00.000000 +00:00,2023-01-30 06:00:00.000000 +00:00
2023-01-30 05:00:00.000000 +00:00,2023-01-30 05:30:00.000000 +00:00
2023-01-30 04:30:00.000000 +00:00,2023-01-30 05:00:00.000000 +00:00
I can generate each series but cannot combine them:
select *
from unnest(GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY('2020-01-01', '2021-01-01', interval 30 minute)) start_times
select *
from unnest(GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY(TIMESTAMP_ADD('2020-01-01', interval 30 MINUTE), '2021-01-01', interval 30 minute)) end_times
Consider below:
WITH intervals AS (
select *
from unnest(GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY('2020-01-01', '2021-01-01', interval 30 minute)) interval_start
)
SELECT
interval_start, TIMESTAMP_ADD(interval_start, interval 30 minute) interval_end
FROM intervals
Output:
Related
Good day everyone. I have a table as below. Duration is the time from current state to next state.
Timestamp
State
Duration(minutes)
10/9/2022 8:50:00 AM
A
35
10/9/2022 9:25:00 AM
B
10
10/9/2022 9:35:00 AM
C
...
How do I split data at 9:00 AM of each day like below:
Timestamp
State
Duration(minutes)
10/9/2022 8:50:00 AM
A
10
10/9/2022 9:00:00 AM
A
25
10/9/2022 9:25:00 AM
B
10
10/9/2022 9:35:00 AM
C
...
Thank you.
Use a row-generator function to generate extra rows when the timestamp is before 09:00 and the next timestamp is after 09:00 (and calculate the diff value rather than storing it in the table):
SELECT l.ts AS timestamp,
t.state,
ROUND((l.next_ts - l.ts) * 24 * 60, 2) As diff
FROM (
SELECT timestamp,
LEAD(timestamp) OVER (ORDER BY timestamp) AS next_timestamp,
state
FROM table_name
) t
CROSS APPLY (
SELECT GREATEST(
t.timestamp,
TRUNC(t.timestamp - INTERVAL '9' HOUR) + INTERVAL '9' HOUR + LEVEL - 1
) AS ts,
LEAST(
t.next_timestamp,
TRUNC(t.timestamp - INTERVAL '9' HOUR) + INTERVAL '9' HOUR + LEVEL
) AS next_ts
FROM DUAL
CONNECT BY
TRUNC(t.timestamp - INTERVAL '9' HOUR) + INTERVAL '9' HOUR + LEVEL - 1 < t.next_timestamp
) l;
Which, for your sample data:
CREATE TABLE table_name (Timestamp, State) AS
SELECT DATE '2022-10-09' + INTERVAL '08:50' HOUR TO MINUTE, 'A' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2022-10-09' + INTERVAL '09:25' HOUR TO MINUTE, 'B' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2022-10-09' + INTERVAL '09:35' HOUR TO MINUTE, 'C' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2022-10-12' + INTERVAL '09:35' HOUR TO MINUTE, 'D' FROM DUAL;
Outputs:
TIMESTAMP
STATE
DIFF
2022-10-09 08:50:00
A
10
2022-10-09 09:00:00
A
25
2022-10-09 09:25:00
B
10
2022-10-09 09:35:00
C
1405
2022-10-10 09:00:00
C
1440
2022-10-11 09:00:00
C
1440
2022-10-12 09:00:00
C
35
2022-10-12 09:35:00
D
null
fiddle
I want to achieve this:
Output
12:00:00 - 12:15:00
12:15:00 - 12:30:00
12:30:00 - 12:45:00
12:45:00 - 1:00:00 .......,
count(orders)
from table
I have a timestamp in the data table available (2022-07-05 19:45:00 UTC), I want to achieve #orders with every 15 minutes interval for a day.
Using RANGE_BUCKET function, you can create timestamp buckets for each 15 minutes. Consider below sample query:
https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/mathematical_functions#range_bucket
CREATE TEMP TABLE sample_table AS
SELECT * FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY('2022-07-05 00:00:00', '2022-07-05 10:00:00', INTERVAL 3 MINUTE)) `order`
;
SELECT TIMESTAMP_SECONDS(intervals[SAFE_OFFSET(RANGE_BUCKET(UNIX_SECONDS(`order`), intervals) - 1)]) ts,
COUNT(`order`) AS orders,
FROM `sample_table`,
UNNEST ([STRUCT(GENERATE_ARRAY(UNIX_SECONDS('2022-07-05'), UNIX_SECONDS('2022-07-06'), 60 * 15) AS intervals)])
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 1
I have a table with energy usage data in fifteen minute intervals:
METER
TIMESTAMP
KWH
2500396
12/04/2022 23:15
131.01
2500396
12/04/2022 23:30
132.11
2500396
12/04/2022 23:45
125.84
2500396
13/04/2022 00:00
127.27
2500396
13/04/2022 00:15
123.86
2500396
13/04/2022 00:30
114.51
2500396
13/04/2022 00:45
117.7
2500396
13/04/2022 01:00
120.01
I need to calculate energy usage per hour, where, for example, usage during hour 23 of 12/04/2022 is the sum of the intervals from 12/04/2022 23:15 to 13/04/2022 00:00 (notice the change in date), and usage during hour 0 of 12/04/2022 is the sum of the intervals from 13/04/2022 00:15 to 13/04/2022 01:00.
I'll appreciate suggestions on how to code this concisely in Oracle SQL.
You can subtract 15 minutes from the times and then truncate to the start of the hour and then aggregate by that and the meter:
SELECT meter,
TRUNC(timestamp - INTERVAL '15' MINUTE, 'HH') AS hour,
SUM(kwh) AS total_kwh
FROM table_name
GROUP BY
meter,
TRUNC(timestamp - INTERVAL '15' MINUTE, 'HH');
Which, for the sample data:
CREATE TABLE table_name (METER, TIMESTAMP, KWH) AS
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:15' HOUR TO MINUTE, 131.01 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:30' HOUR TO MINUTE, 132.11 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:45' HOUR TO MINUTE, 125.84 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:00' HOUR TO MINUTE, 127.27 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:15' HOUR TO MINUTE, 123.86 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:30' HOUR TO MINUTE, 114.51 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:45' HOUR TO MINUTE, 117.70 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '01:00' HOUR TO MINUTE, 120.01 FROM DUAL;
Outputs:
METER
HOUR
TOTAL_KWH
2500396
2022-04-12 23:00:00
516.23
2500396
2022-04-13 00:00:00
476.08
db<>fiddle here
So, my aim is to be able to count time spent on certain activities in hour ranges.
My data contains: start of the certain activity and end of that activity,
for example I know that someone had break from '2019-01-09 17:04:34' to '2019-01-09 19:55:03'.
My aim is to calculate that this person spent 55 minutes on break in interval '17-18', 60 minutes on '18-19' and 55 minutes on '19-20'.
My idea was to always split the source so for the row containing start and and of the activity I would receive as many rows as my time range split in the hour ranges (for this sample data I would receive 3: rows with '2019-01-09 17:04:34' to '2019-01-09 17:59:59', '2019-01-09 18:00:00' to '2019-01-09 18:59:59' and '2019-01-09 19:00:00' to '2019-01-09 19:55:03')
If I could obtain something like that I could manage to count all things I need to. I predict that to obtain this result I should use CTE (as we don't know in how many ranges we need to split time interval), but I have no experience in it.
Hopefully I managed to explain my problem clearly. I work on oracle sql developer.
I'd be very grateful for your help on at least some tips.
Since you mentioned recursion, this uses recursive subquery factoring:
-- CTE for sample data
with your_table (id, start_time, end_time) as (
select 1, timestamp '2019-01-09 17:04:34', timestamp '2019-01-09 19:55:03' from dual
union all
select 2, timestamp '2019-01-09 23:47:01', timestamp '2019-01-10 02:05:03' from dual
union all
select 3, timestamp '2019-01-09 18:01:01', timestamp '2019-01-09 18:02:07' from dual
union all
select 4, timestamp '2019-01-09 13:00:00', timestamp '2019-01-09 14:00:01' from dual
),
-- recursive CTE
rcte (id, hour_period, minutes, period_start_time, end_time, hour_num) as (
select id,
-- first period is the original start hour
extract(hour from start_time),
-- minutes in first period, which can end at the end of that hour, or at original
-- end time if earlier
case when extract(minute from end_time) = 0
and end_time >= cast(trunc(start_time, 'HH') as timestamp) + interval '1' hour
then 60
else extract(minute from
least(cast(trunc(start_time, 'HH') as timestamp) + interval '1' hour, end_time)
- start_time
)
end,
-- calculate next period start
cast(trunc(start_time, 'HH') as timestamp) + interval '1' hour,
-- original end time
end_time,
-- first hour period (for later ordering)
1
from your_table
union all
select id,
-- this period's hour value
extract(hour from period_start_time),
-- minutes in this period - either 60 if we haven't reach the end time yet;
-- or if we have then the number of minutes from the end time
case when end_time < period_start_time + interval '1' hour
then extract(minute from end_time)
else 60
end,
-- calculate next period start
period_start_time + interval '1' hour,
-- original end time
end_time,
-- increment hour period (for later ordering)
hour_num + 1
from rcte
where period_start_time < end_time
)
select id, hour_period, minutes
from rcte
order by id, hour_num;
ID HOUR_PERIOD MINUTES
---------- ----------- ----------
1 17 55
1 18 60
1 19 55
2 23 12
2 0 60
2 1 60
2 2 5
3 18 1
4 13 60
4 14 0
It find finds the amount of time spent in the first hour of the period in the anchor member, then recursively looks at subsequent hours until the end time is reached, increasing the passed-on period end time each time; and in the recursive member it checks whether to use a fixed 60 minutes (if it knows the end time hasn't been reached) or use the actual minutes from the end time.
My example periods include ones that span midnight, cover less than an hour, and that start in the first minute of an hour - and which end in the first minute of an hour, which (in my calculation anyway) ends up with a row for that hour anyway and the number of minutes as zero. You can easily filter that out if you don't want to see it.
It is not entirely clear from your post how you want to handle non-zero seconds components (what combination of rounding and/or truncation). In any case, that can be coded easily, once a complete set of non-contradictory rules is agreed upon.
Other than that, your question consists of two parts: identify the proper hours for each id (each activity or event), and the duration of the part of that event during that hour. In the query below, using the CONNECT BY hierarchical technique, I generate the hours and the duration as an interval day to second. As I said, that can be converted to minutes (between 0 and 60) once you clarify the rounding rules.
with
your_table (id, start_time, end_time) as (
select 1, timestamp '2019-01-09 17:04:34', timestamp '2019-01-09 19:55:03'
from dual union all
select 2, timestamp '2019-01-09 23:47:01', timestamp '2019-01-10 02:05:03'
from dual union all
select 3, timestamp '2019-01-09 18:01:01', timestamp '2019-01-09 18:02:07'
from dual union all
select 4, timestamp '2019-01-09 13:00:00', timestamp '2019-01-09 14:00:01'
from dual
)
select id,
trunc(start_time, 'hh') + interval '1' hour * (level - 1) as hr,
case when level = 1 and connect_by_isleaf = 1
then end_time - start_time
when level = 1
then trunc(start_time, 'hh') + interval '1' hour - start_time
when connect_by_isleaf = 1
then end_time - trunc(end_time, 'hh')
else interval '1' hour
end as duration
from your_table
connect by trunc(start_time, 'hh') + interval '1' hour * (level - 1) < end_time
and prior id = id
and prior sys_guid() is not null
;
Output:
ID HR DURATION
---------- ------------------- -------------------
1 2019-01-09 17:00:00 +00 00:55:26.000000
1 2019-01-09 18:00:00 +00 01:00:00.000000
1 2019-01-09 19:00:00 +00 00:55:03.000000
2 2019-01-09 23:00:00 +00 00:12:59.000000
2 2019-01-10 00:00:00 +00 01:00:00.000000
2 2019-01-10 01:00:00 +00 01:00:00.000000
2 2019-01-10 02:00:00 +00 00:05:03.000000
3 2019-01-09 18:00:00 +00 00:01:06.000000
4 2019-01-09 13:00:00 +00 01:00:00.000000
4 2019-01-09 14:00:00 +00 00:00:01.000000
I need to be able to calculate the duration (in seconds) between two time stamps as an aggregate over a time series using a default end_datetime if it is null.
Imagine you have something like a punch card when you puch in and out:
username, start_datetime, end_datetime
What I want is a generated time series of the last N minutes with the duration for all users that overlap within that time frame. So it would be the SUM(end_datetime - start_datetime) where you would COALESCE a default end_datetime if it is null.
So the basic pieces I think I need are:
Generate the time interval:
select TIMESTAMP '2013-01-01 12:01:00' - (interval '1' minute * generate_series(0,5)) as timestamps;
COALESCE a default end_datetime
COALESCE(end_datetime, NOW())
Figure out the seconds difference between the start and end dates
So if one user logged in at 11:56:50 and it is now 12:01:40 we should get a table like:
timestamps duration
-------------------------------------
2013-01-01 12:01:00 40
2013-01-01 12:00:00 60
2013-01-01 11:59:00 60
2013-01-01 11:58:00 60
2013-01-01 11:57:00 60
2013-01-01 11:56:00 10
with t as (select '2013-01-01 11:56:50'::timestamp startt, '2013-01-01 12:01:40'::timestamp endt)
select
timestamps,
extract(epoch from
case
when timestamps=date_trunc('minute',startt) then date_trunc('minute',startt) + interval '1 minute' - startt
when timestamps =date_trunc('minute',endt) then endt- date_trunc('minute',endt)
else interval '60 seconds' end) as durations
from
(select generate_series(date_trunc('minute',startt),date_trunc('minute',endt),'1 minute') timestamps, * from t) a
order by
timestamps desc;
2013-01-01 12:01:00;40
2013-01-01 12:00:00;60
2013-01-01 11:59:00;60
2013-01-01 11:58:00;60
2013-01-01 11:57:00;60
2013-01-01 11:56:00;10
If you have multiple rows with start and end timestamp than the following will work:
select
id,
timestamps,
extract(epoch from
case
when timestamps=date_trunc('minute',startt) then date_trunc('minute',startt) + interval '1 minute' - startt
when timestamps =date_trunc('minute',endt) then endt- date_trunc('minute',endt)
else interval '60 seconds' end) as durations
from
(
select
id,
generate_series(date_trunc('minute',startt) ,
coalesce(date_trunc('minute',endt),date_trunc('minute',Now())),'1 minute') as timestamps,
startt, endt
from test
) a
order by
id, timestamps desc
SQLFiddle