SPARQL: UNION drops values, OPTIONAL needs separate variables - sparql

Question

How can I get all the labels and aliases for a given country, in both English and the official language(s) of this country, as a single column, from wikidata?
I initially tried the following but UNION seems to drop the labels in the official language:
Attempt #1:
SELECT
?country_iso
(GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT(?label) ; separator = ", ") AS ?labels)
WHERE
{
VALUES ?country { wd:Q878 } # FOR TESTING PURPOSES, TO REMOVE ONCE ISSUE RESOLVED.
# country sovereign state unincorporated territory
VALUES ?any_kind_of_country { wd:Q6256 wd:Q3624078 wd:Q783733 }
?country wdt:P31 ?any_kind_of_country . hint:Prior hint:runFirst true .
?country wdt:P297 ?country_iso ; # ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code
wdt:P37 ?official_lang .
?official_lang wdt:P424 ?wm_lang_code .
{ ?country rdfs:label ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en") }
UNION
{ ?country rdfs:label ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = ?wm_lang_code) }
UNION
{ ?country skos:altLabel ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en") }
UNION
{ ?country skos:altLabel ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = ?wm_lang_code) }
}
GROUP BY ?country_iso
ORDER BY ?country_iso
| country_iso | labels |
|-------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| AE | United Arab Emirates, ae, 🇦🇪, Emirates, the Emirates, the U.A.E., the UAE, the United Arab Emirates, U.A.E., UAE |
If I use two separate variables ?label and ?altLabel and OPTIONAL, then I seem to get all the labels and aliases, but:
a. I'm not convinced || is right there, although it seems to produce the right results,
b. two columns (?labels and ?altLabels) isn't ideal in my case. (And if I only use one, then only rdfs:label gets returned.)
Attempt #2
SELECT
?country_iso
(GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT(?label) ; separator = ", ") AS ?labels)
(GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT(?altLabel) ; separator = ", ") AS ?altLabels)
WHERE
{
VALUES ?country { wd:Q878 }
# country sovereign state unincorporated territory
VALUES ?any_kind_of_country { wd:Q6256 wd:Q3624078 wd:Q783733 }
?country wdt:P31 ?any_kind_of_country . hint:Prior hint:runFirst true .
?country wdt:P297 ?country_iso ; # ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code
wdt:P37 ?official_lang .
?official_lang wdt:P424 ?wm_lang_code .
OPTIONAL { ?country rdfs:label ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en" || LANG(?label) = ?wm_lang_code) }
OPTIONAL { ?country skos:altLabel ?altLabel . FILTER(LANG(?altLabel) = "en" || LANG(?altLabel) = ?wm_lang_code) }
}
GROUP BY ?country_iso
ORDER BY ?country_iso
| country_iso | labels | altLabels |
|-------------|------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| AE | United Arab Emirates, الإمارات العربية المتحدة | الإمارات, دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة, ae, 🇦🇪, Emirates, the Emirates, the U.A.E., the UAE, the United Arab Emirates, U.A.E., UAE |
What am I missing? 🤔 Thank you very much in advance for your help! 🙏🏻😊
Disclaimer: relatively new to SPARQL (or rather, very rusty).

Answer 1

Thanks to #UninformedUser (see comments) I was able to come up with this query, yielding 206 results:
SELECT
?country_iso
(GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT(?label) ; separator = " | ") AS ?labels)
WHERE
{
# country sovereign state unincorporated territory
VALUES ?any_kind_of_country { wd:Q6256 wd:Q3624078 wd:Q783733 }
?country wdt:P31 ?any_kind_of_country . hint:Prior hint:runFirst true .
?country wdt:P297 ?country_iso ; # ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code
wdt:P37 ?official_lang .
?official_lang wdt:P424 ?wm_lang_code .
?country rdfs:label|skos:altLabel ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en" || LANG(?label) = ?wm_lang_code)
}
GROUP BY ?country_iso
ORDER BY ?country_iso
P.S.: An extension of this work, also fetching emoji flags is that query.