If I have an SQL table with all default columns (e.g. identity column + any number of columns all with default values), what is the SQL statement to insert a row with no explicit values given?
insert MyTable /* ( doh, no fields! ) */
-- values( doh, no values! )
What's the trick?
This is a part of the INSERT syntax
INSERT INTO TableName DEFAULT VALUES
Read more here:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/insert-transact-sql
You can use the DEFAULT keyword.
The accepted answer only works for one row, not for multiple rows.
Let us assume you know how many rows to insert, but you want all default values. You cannot do the following, for instance
INSERT MyTable
SELECT DEFAULT VALUES -- Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'DEFAULT'.
FROM SomeQueryOrView;
-- or
INSERT MyTable
DEFAULT VALUES -- Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'FROM'.
FROM SomeQueryOrView;
Instead we can hack MERGE to do this
MERGE INTO myTable
USING (SELECT SomeValue FROM SomeQueryOrView) s
ON 1 = 0 -- never match
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT DEFAULT VALUES;
A bonus benefit is that we can OUTPUT data from columns which are not being inserted:
MERGE INTO myTable
USING (SELECT SomeValue FROM SomeQueryOrView) s
ON 1 = 0 -- never match
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT DEFAULT VALUES
OUTPUT inserted.Id, s.SomeValue;
Related
I'm trying to insert a new row into a table, but one column's value insertion is dependent on a specific rule.
So far I get an error because SQL doesn't support my way and I have no idea what to do:
INSERT INTO RNFIL170
VALUES ('somthing1',0, 0, null,null,0, select max(RNFIL170.SEDER_HATZAGA)+1 from RNFIL170 , 0 , 0,1, 'somthing2');
How can I insert the max(RNFIL170.SEDER_HATZAGA)+1 into RNFIL170 ?
use INSERT INTO ... SELECT.. synxtax
Always specify the column list in the destination table
INSERT INTO RNFIL170 ( {column name list} )
SELECT 'somthing1',0, 0, null,null,0, max(RNFIL170.SEDER_HATZAGA)+1, 0 , 0,1, 'somthing2'
FROM RNFIL170 ;
I am pretty new in Microsoft SQL Server and I am not so into DB in general.
I have the following doubt about an insert query that begin in this way:
insert into MyTable DEFAULT VALUES
What exactly mean the DEFAULT VALUES specification?
Tnx
Andrea
Reading the fine manual yields:
DEFAULT VALUES
Forces the new row to contain the default values defined for each column.
Well it uses the default values specified in your table.
So for example if you have a column CreationDate datetime default(getdate()) it will use it.
If each of the required columns in MyTable has specified DEFAULT VALUE then this statement insert such a row.
For example you could have column Date with default 01/01/2014 and position with DEFAULT 'Developer' and this statement would insert such a record.
You can read more here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa933206%28SQL.80%29.aspx
You can watch default specifications in work by checking that code:
DECLARE #tmp as table
(
id int null,
num int null default(777),
txt varchar(10) null default('abc'),
date datetime null
)
insert into #tmp DEFAULT VALUES
select * from #tmp
Output is
id num txt date
NULL 777 abc NULL
I'm new to firebird and I have verious issues. I want to insert various lines into a table selected from another table.
Here's the code:
/*CREATE GENERATOR POS; */
SET GENERATOR POS TO 1;
SET TERM ^;
create trigger BAS_pkassign
for MATERIAL
active before insert position 66
EXECUTE BLOCK
AS
declare posid bigint;
select gen_id(POS, 1)
from RDB$DATABASE
into :posid;
BEGIN
END
SET TERM ; ^
INSERT INTO MATERIAL ( /*ID */ LOCATION, POSID, ARTID, ARTIDCONT, QUANTITY )
SELECT 1000, ':posid', 309, BAS_ART.ID, 1
FROM BAS_ART
WHERE BAS_ART.ARTCATEGORY LIKE '%MyWord%'
The ID should autoincrement from 66 on. The posid should autoincrement from 1 on.
Actually it is not inserting anything.
I'm using Firebird Maestro and have just opened the SQL Script Editor (which doesnt throw any error message on executing the script).
Can anybody help me?
Thanks!
Additional information:
The trigger should autoincrement the column "ID" - but I dont know how exactly I can change it so it works.. The ':posid' throws an error using it :posid but like this theres no error (I guess its interpretated as a string). But how do I use it right?
I dont get errors when I execute it. The table structure is easy. I have 2 tables:
1.
Material (
ID (INTEGER),
Location (INTEGER),
POSID (INTEGER),
ARTID (INTEGER),
ARTIDCONT (INTEGER),
QUANTITY (INTEGER),
OTHERCOLUMN (INTEGER))
and the 2. other table
BAS_ART (ID (INTEGER), ARTCATEGORY (VARCHAR255))
-> I want to insert all entries from the table BAS_ART which contain "MyWord" in the column ARTCATEGORY into the MATERIAL table.
I don't understand why you need the trigger at all.
This problem:
I want to insert all entries from the table BAS_ART which contain "MyWord" into the MATERIAL table
Can be solved with a single insert ... select statement.
insert into material (id, location, posid, artid, quantity)
select next value for seq_mat_id, 1000, next value for seq_pos, id, 1
from bas_art
where artcategory = 'My Word';
This assumes that there is a second sequence (aka "generator") that is named seq_mat_id that provides the new id for the column material.id
For most of my answer I will assume a very simple table:
CREATE TABLE MyTable (
ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
SomeValue VARCHAR(255),
posid INTEGER
)
Auto-increment identifier
Firebird (up to version 2.5) does not have an identity column type (this will be added in Firebird 3), instead you need to use a sequence (aka generator) and a trigger to get this.
Sequence
First you need to create a sequence using CREATE SEQUENCE:
CREATE SEQUENCE seqMyTable
A sequence is atomic which means interleaving transactions/connections will not get duplicate values, it is also outside transaction control, which means that a ROLLBACK will not revert to the previous value. In most uses a sequences should always increase, so the value reset you do at the start of your question is wrong for almost all purposes; for example another connection could reset the sequence as well midway in your execution leaving you with unintended duplicates of POSID.
Trigger
To generate a value for an auto-increment identifier, you need to use a BEFORE INSERT TRIGGER that assigns a generated value to the - in this example - ID column.
CREATE TRIGGER trgMyTableAutoIncrement FOR MyTable
ACTIVE BEFORE INSERT POSITION 0
AS
BEGIN
NEW.ID = NEXT VALUE FOR seqMyTable;
END
In this example I always assign a generated value, other examples assign a generated value only when the ID is NULL.
Getting the value
To get the generated value you can use the RETURNING-clause of the INSERT-statement:
INSERT INTO MyTable (SomeValue) VALUES ('abc') RETURNING ID
INSERT INTO ... SELECT
Using INSERT INTO ... SELECT you can select rows from one table and insert them into others. The reason it doesn't work for you is because you are trying to assign the string value ':pos' to a column of type INTEGER, and that is not allowed.
Assuming I have another table MyOtherTable with a similar structure as MyTable I can transfer values using:
INSERT INTO MyTable (SomeValue)
SELECT SomeOtherValue
FROM MyOtherTable
Using INSERT INTO ... SELECT it is not possible to obtain the generated values unless only a single row was inserted.
Guesswork with regard to POSID
It is not clear to me what POSID is supposed to be, and what values it should have. It looks like you want to have an increasing value starting at 1 for a single INSERT INTO ... SELECT. In versions of Firebird up to 2.5 that is not possible in this way (in Firebird 3 you would be able to use ROW_NUMBER() for this).
If my guess is right, then you will need to use an EXECUTE BLOCK (or a stored procedure) to assign and increase the value for every row to be inserted.
The execute block would be something like:
EXECUTE BLOCK
AS
DECLARE posid INTEGER = 1;
DECLARE someothervalue VARCHAR(255);
BEGIN
FOR SELECT SomeOtherValue FROM MyOtherTable INTO :someothervalue DO
BEGIN
INSERT INTO MyTable (SomeValue, posid) VALUES (:someothervalue, :posid);
posid = posid + 1;
END
END
Without an ORDER BY with the SELECT the value of posid is essentially meaningless, because there is no guaranteed order.
I'd like to use the column's default value in an stored procedure insert, so that I don't have to repeat the default value in multiple places (it could change... DRY principle).
The T-SQL INSERT operation has a handy 'default' keyword that I can use as follows:
Declare #newA varchar(10)
Set #newA = 'Foo2'
-- I can use "default" like so...
Insert into Table_1 (
A,
B)
Values (
#newA,
default)
However, If I need to do something conditional, I can't seem to get the case statement to return 'default'.
-- How do I use 'default' in a case statement?
INSERT INTO Table_1 (
A,
B )
VALUES (
#newA,
CASE WHEN (#newA <> 'Foo2') THEN 'bar' ELSE default END)
-- > yeilds "Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'default'."
I could insert the default, and then update as needed like so:
INSERT INTO Table_1 (
A,
B )
VALUES (
#newA,
default)
UPDATE Table_1
SET B = CASE WHEN (A <> 'Foo2') THEN 'bar' ELSE B END
WHERE ID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()
But I'd really like somebody to tell me "There's a better way..."
Here's a table definition for this example if it helps...
CREATE TABLE dbo.Table_1 (
ID int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),
A varchar(10) NULL,
B varchar(10) NULL )
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Table_1 ADD CONSTRAINT DF_Table_1_A DEFAULT 'A-Def' FOR A
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Table_1 ADD CONSTRAINT DF_Table_1_B DEFAULT 'B-Def' FOR B
GO
default only works from within a VALUES() block, which does not seem to be an acceptable value in a CASE statement; you could use an if statement to determine what to insert:
DECLARE #newA varchar(10) = 'Foo2'
IF (#newA <> 'Foo2')
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Table_1 (A, B)
SELECT #newA, 'bar'
END
ELSE
BEGIN
--If you are using default values, you do not have to specify the column
INSERT INTO Table_1 (A)
SELECT #newA
END
I think this is better than updating after an insert, so that you only insert correct data into your table. It also keeps the number of INSERTS/UPDATES to 1. You should also be careful when you using ##IDENTITY due to scoping. Consider looking into SCOPE_IDENTITY().
I create a table and sequence in order to replace identity in the table I use SQL Server 2012 Express but I get this error while I tried to insert data to the table
Msg 11719, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
NEXT VALUE FOR function is not allowed in check constraints, default objects, computed columns,
views, user-defined functions, user-defined aggregates, user-defined
table types, sub-queries, common table expressions, or derived
tables.
T-SQL code:
insert into Job_Update_Log(log_id, update_reason, jobid)
values((select next value for Job_Log_Update_SEQ),'grammer fixing',39);
This is my table:
create table Job_Update_Log
(
log_id int primary key ,
update_reason nvarchar(100) ,
update_date date default getdate(),
jobid bigint not null,
foreign key(jobid) references jobslist(jobid)
);
and this is my sequence:
CREATE SEQUENCE [dbo].[Job_Log_Update_SEQ]
AS [int]
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
NO CACHE
GO
Just get rid of the subselect in the VALUES section, like this:
insert into Job_Update_Log(log_id,update_reason,jobid)
values (next value for Job_Log_Update_SEQ,'grammer fixing',39);
Reference: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh272694%28v=vs.103%29.aspx
Your insert syntax appears to be wrong. You are attempting to use a SELECT statement inside of the VALUES section of your query. If you want to use SELECT then you will use:
insert into Job_Update_Log(log_id,update_reason,jobid)
select next value for Job_Log_Update_SEQ,'grammer fixing',39;
See SQL Fiddle with Demo
I changed the syntax from INSERT INTO VALUES to INSERT INTO ... SELECT. I used this because you are selecting the next value of the sequence.
However, if you want to use the INSERT INTO.. VALUES, you will have to remove the SELECT from the query:
insert into Job_Update_Log(log_id,update_reason,jobid)
values(next value for Job_Log_Update_SEQ,'grammer fixing',39);
See SQL Fiddle with Demo
Both of these will INSERT the record into the table.
Try this one:
–With a table
create sequence idsequence
start with 1 increment by 3
create table Products_ext
(
id int,
Name varchar(50)
);
INSERT dbo.Products_ext (Id, Name)
VALUES (NEXT VALUE FOR dbo.idsequence, ‘ProductItem’);
select * from Products_ext;
/* If you run the above statement two types, you will get the following:-
1 ProductItem
4 ProductItem
*/
drop table Products_ext;
drop sequence idsequence;
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