Can I use web-aliases for localhost using Apache? - apache

My web hotel host (one.com) allows me to define "web-aliases" for my site. I want to use this for multi-language versions of my site. E.g. the alias fr.example.com will show a French version of https://example.com without changing the showed url. This part is quite straight forward for me...
However... I develop my site locally and use localhost for browsing and testing. I'm not familiar with Apache and all it's configurations. So I wonder if it's possible to create similar web-aliases for localhost, i.e. an alias such as fr.localhost ==> https://localhost?

You can use a service like nip.io, e.g.:
en.127.0.0.1.nip.io
fr.127.0.0.1.nip.io
both will point to your localhost.
On most systems, the whole segment 127.0.0.0/8 is mapped to localhost, so you can use things like:
http://127.0.0.1
http://127.0.0.2
http://127.0.0.3
as well. But you will need to explicitly listen on these IPs, though.

Related

Virtual server on virtualmin keeps redirecting to wrong website

I have created a virtual server say aaa.com but when I access the site (via editing my hosts file on Windows 7, cos I have a live aaa.com running on the Internet), it brings me to my other virtual server's site I have, like bbb.com
Why is that? I don't have any redirection running. Not in my script files (like html or php) and no redirection set under "Server Configurations" -> "Website Redirects" and none at "Services" -> "Click Configure Website" -> "Aliases and Redirects." The only script files I have are fresh new WordPress installation files (under home/aaa/public_html).
How do I fix this?
Mullazman is right (thanks!). I have just had this problem after enabling the SSL on the domain A. Then, all the domains in the same installation were pointing to A.
I fixed it by editing the file located in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/A.conf and changing the first line:
Wrong line -> <VirtualHost A.B.C.D:80>
Correct line -> <VirtualHost *:80>
Had the same issue. For anyone interested it's because I had at the header of my sites-enables/aaa.com.conf which was picking up all requests and send them to the first host.
Change it to and it started directing traffic to the correct virtual hosts.
It was triggered when I enabled SSL on aaa.com, it for some reason re-wrote the config file to use IP based filtering not domain name
Try to delete browser cache with CTRL+F5,
then try again. If that doesn't help, check virtualhost configuration files -maybe there lies the problem.
The solution I found
I had the same problem ...
And I ended up with a lot of doubts ...
And I searched for a SOLUTION for this case, I hope to help ...
1 - Should the BIND have an external or internal IP in the domain? I use only one IP for all servers, and in BIND all domains are with external IP. (The question is whether it should be external or internal IP).
R = Yes, you must configure the internal IP in Virtualmin, prefer to edit the file. Only in localhost you should have 127.0.0.1
2 - Would NGINX have any configuration? How to remove IP and just put (listen *: 80) instead of (listen 288.218.198.981:80)
R = This configuration was changed but then I had problems with DNS and I returned to use the INTERNAL IP (not the localhost) ... Normally this IP starts as: 10.1xx.xx.xx
But which configuration would work in general?
Restart these steps ...
If you still have an error ...
Back up ... And in Virtualmin settings ...
Edit Virtual Server >> Activate Features >>
Uncheck NGINX, BIND, NGINX SSL.
He will ask for confirmation and click to confirm.
After this process is completed, return to the same option and reschedule ...
This will make it delete the old ones and put a new one.
(This works great for those who changed hosting and has old settings).
If you are importing a backup. Do not select the DNS and NGINX option ...
One tip is to create Virtual Server {your domain / site} First of all ...
And only then only import directories and databases ...
So you will not have problems with DNS and wrong redirects ...
Update
This also occurs when the SSL certificate is not issued correctly.
Folder permissions are incorrect.
Chmod 0755 folders
0644 Files
SOLUTION!!!
Cheap workaround let us say our domain is domain.xyz
Under the BindDNS Master Zone for domain.xyz create a cname record I believe it is listed in webmin as Name Alias and name it 000.domain.xyz
Under apache create a virtual server with the name 000.domain.xyz and make sure it has the same directory as domain.xyz
After this is done you are golden all your websites will come up as they should!
Is it proper well maybe not.
Does it work well like a charm of course otherwise I wouldn't be sharing for some reason the way the severs are listed it defaults to the first on the list well that'll fix that there should be a method of pinning the servers or doing something to prevent such a thing from happening what a pain in the rear I spent a full day dumbfounded thinking what in the world is going on I am losing my touch.
If this helps give a like if its wrong apologies all I know is that it works.
Read the thread.
Many folks claim this is an SSL thing.
Zero people have eluded to the true method of fixing it or the proper directions to do so or if they did I'm too blind to see it.
The guy below me commenting hrmmm... Yeah browser caches for my website didn't exist on my devices I tried them on to verify that was not the problem. But yes this is a typical problem with a lot of things indeed. It is the only reason I have several browsers on my PC actually for that reason. For a while there there were pages that chrome would function with that IE wouldn't or Firefox would best them both. Not to mention cache is always a pita its always usually one of my steps in troubleshooting any issues with web pages. I'll even try openDNS or other DNS servers.
But holy cats I can't believe how fast DNS just updates once you got things set it makes me wonder if there is a lot of fudge in propigation when you purchase hosting being "24 -48 hours" I think there is a lot of fudge in those numbers after my experiences trying to figure out what was causing the issue here. Some servers struggle yes but for the most part it was pretty instant for me.
In my case it happened after creating SSL certificate, I forgot to do:
Edit Virtual Server -> Enable Apache SSL Website

htaccess - simulating local page as web page

Is there a way to rewrite a URL in a local project to look like web page?
For example I have project with url
localhost/site
I'm tryin' to rewirite this to:
www.site.com
or
site.com
That project has subpages, and it would be good if it worked like
site.com/subpage.php
I'm trying for an hour but I'm really htaccess noob.
I work with VertrigoServ and mod_rewrite works fine with some examples which I tried in other projects.
The issue is not with rewrite. To make a local page appear to have a more conventional domain you need to tell your browser that the conventional domain is found on your local webserver.
The simplest way to do this is by editing the hosts file on your OS. On *nix based devices it's usually /etc/hosts, On windows it's usually C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts. You will need elevated privileges to edit the file.
Add a line to the end of the file that maps the domain name to your local ip address like this:
127.0.0.1 www.site.com
Close an reopen your browser and visit www.site.com, you should see it is loading the page from your local webserver.
Chances are, you are still seeing the same page as if you view localhost site. To make it load your code you need to change the DocumentRoot in httpd.conf for your apache install to match the directory where your code is.
A preferable solution may be to use Name Based Virtual Hosting, this allows multiple web sites to share the same IP address. Searching 'apache VirtualHost examples' should give you plenty of resources for this. Make sure that NameVirtualHost *:80 is also enabled in order for this to work.

What is the best technique for (seo-friendly) forwarding muliple domains to one web server?

The setup is:
www.domainA.com
www.domainB.com
both actually hosted on one web server (Apache)
123.123.123.123/domainA
123.123.123.123/domainB
I have setup a hidden forward from the domains to the web server directories which works fine, however, produces duplicate content (since it is also available by addressing the web server directly). I tried setting up 301 redirects to the domains for every request that is targeting the IP address directly (using mod_rewrite),but found that this results in a forwarding loop. Obviously the server does not recognize whether the domain has been requested originally.
If anybody can give me a hint on how this is supposed to be done, I'd be glad to hear.
You can set up virtual hosting on the web-server so that it does pay attention to the hostname that was requested. This is a fairly common practice and should solve your problem. You can do away with separate subdirectories since each virtual host has its own virtual root.
So are you saying that you have pages indexed in google that reference your IP address and a directory rather than the domain name?
Also, I'm not sure why doing a redirect from the IP to the domain name would cause a redirect loop. If the redirect is based on the host header, it should work fine.

How can I test a comet ajax site on a single host and work around browser simultaneous connection limit?

I am using the comet long-polling technique with apache, php, jquery.
I've got a basic comet update running and it works great. I'm now attempting to build a more complex comet script, and I want a better way to debug.
My comet scripts use $.ajax() with a long timeout, and the server side just sleeps until it either runs up to the timeout or has an event to send to the client. The comet requests go to a different subdomain than the main ajax requests.
For normal pages I edit and test on a linux laptop. I've got apache, mysql, and php with a test database and mirror image of the site. I can edit, save, and see the changes with no upload step. For the comet stuff I've been having to upload to a server to test. This requires me to set up a few fake servers, but mostly it requires me to upload changed files for each test. I've got a mostly automatic upload script, but it's still too slow.
The problem testing locally is the long timeout. The browser won't open another connection to the same server while the comet request is still open. I don't have a subdomain locally so I have all the requests going to the same server so they basically block each other.
I've tried a number of things to make this work and none really do it. I tried first to change my browser setting for number of simultaneous connections. This didn't work in firefox on linux, and I didn't find anything about changing this limit on other browsers.
I tried setting my hosts file to give me two names that map to my ip address. Then I tried configuring VirtualHost conf directives in apache, but that didn't work. I think because apache is looking for an actual dns server to tell it the hostname, not just my /etc/hosts file. Maybe I can run a local dns server to fool apache into thinking my box has two names, but that just seems like a real long way around this problem.
So, does anyone have an idea of how to make this work on one ip address/host?
I'm new to the comet thing, so maybe I've just got the wrong idea about something. Maybe this isn't even possible. Either way, it's time to just ask if this is already a solved problem.
It really should be possible to use /etc/hosts to fool Apache. It certainly does work on Ubuntu Hardy with Apache 2.2.
Try to give different hostname to you local address. Simply add a line like this to /etc/hosts:
127.0.0.1 a.example.com b.example.com c.example.com d.example.com
(Note: use a tab after IP)
Validate this with a ping
ping a.example.com
In you apache configuration, you may use a wildcard alias together with a named virtual host:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias *.example.com
## snip ##
<VirtualHost>
Instead of using example.com, you might want to use something that's under your control. I use local subdomain of our company's domain (i.e. something.local.molindo.at).
Now you can use different subdomains for your test, each with its own limitation on concurrent connections.
You may need to restart your browser to get this working.
I have made something similar and my hosting gives my max queries limit reached which actually should not happen. But I have read that if my php code is in infinite loop.. ie the sleep mode the hosting detects it and makes db connection user as to be using more queries than allowed. That is alot to presume but I have found a solution to that with same speculations.

Configuring Mass Virtual Hosting + SSL on development machine

Is there a way to use this, or something like it, for SSL enabled hosts?
VirtualDocumentRoot /www/vhosts/%0/public
I want to avoid having to configure Apache every time I start working with a new domain on my development box. It would be nice to just add a directory, follow standard naming conventions, and be able to automatically access the site with HTTP or HTTPS.
I realize this definitely isn't the route to go for a production server, but it should be ok just for development.
One example came pretty close using mod_rewrite, but it still requires updating a configuration mapping file when you add a host (which I'm trying to avoid).
http://sweon.net/2008/01/hosting-multiple-ssl-vhosts-on-a-single-ipportcertificate-with-apache2.
Any ideas?
Thanks
The author of the article I referenced above was nice enough to come up with a solution.
This is working on Apache 2.2:
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /var/www/%{HTTP_HOST}/htdocs/$1 [E=VHOST:${lowercase:%{HTTP_HOST}}]