I have a structure like the following one:
/src
__init__.py
module1.py
module2.py
/tests
__init__.py
test_module1.py
test_module2.py
/notebooks
__init__.py
exploring.ipynb
main.py
I'd like to use the notebook 'exploring' to do some data exploration, and to do so I'd need to perform relative imports of module1 and module2. But if I try to run from ..src.module1 import funct1, I receive an ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package, which I understand is expected because I'm running the notebook as if it was a script and not as a module.
So as a workaround I have been mainly pulling the notebook outside its folder to the main.py level every time I need to use it, and then from src.module1 import funct1 works.
I know there are tons of threads already on relative imports, but I couldn't find a simpler solution so far of making this work without having to move the notebook every time. Is there any way to perform this relative import, given that the notebook when called is running "as a script"?
Scripts cannot do relative imports. Have you considered something like:
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.path.insert(0,
os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), '..')))
from src.module1 import funct1
else:
from ..src.module1 import funct1
Or using exceptions:
try:
from ..src.module1 import funct1
except ImportError:
sys.path.insert(0,
os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), '..')))
from src.module1 import funct1
?
Related
I just coded a quadratic programming and it has worked very well but after the someday it works not at all.
Does anyone have any idea what the problem is?
My code is:
import time
import numpy as np
from numpy import array, dot
from qpsolvers import solve_qp
Matrix10 = np.load(r'C:\Users\skqkr\Desktop\Semesterarbeit/Chiwan_Q7.npz')
start = time.time()
P = Matrix10['Q'] # quick way to build a symmetric matrix
q = Matrix10['p']
G = Matrix10['G']
h = Matrix10['h']
x = solve_qp(P, q, G, h )>print("QP solution: x = {}".format(x))
print("time :", time.time() - start)
And the result is:
ImportError: cannot import name 'solve_qp' from 'qpsolvers' (C:\Users\skqkr\qpsolvers.py)
I don't understand why it isn't suddenly going well.
I do not think the code you shared is the one you are really using hence it is not easy to understand what is going on. However there are few reason for your problem to happen
The python ImportError: cannot import name error occurs when the import class is inaccessible or the imported class in circular dependence. The import keyword is used to load class and function. The keyword from is used to load the module. For any reason, if the import class is not available in the python class path, The “ImportError: cannot import name” python error is thrown.
The following are the reasons for the ImportError: cannot import name
The import class is not available or not created.
The import class name is mis-named or mis-spelled
The import class name and module name is mis-placed.
The import class is not available in python class path
The import class is not available in python library
The import class is in circular dependency
The python module is just a python file with the .py extension. The keyword from will be used to load the python module. A class in a python module is imported using the keyword import. If the imported class is not in the referred python file, the python interpreter will throw the error ImportError: Cannot import name.
If two python files refer to each other and attempt to load the other file, it will create the circular load dependence. That will cause error in heap memory. If the python interpreter detects the circular dependence, it throws the error ImportError: Can’t Import Name.
I am trying to write my own optimizer for pytorch and am looking at the source code https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/_modules/torch/optim/sgd.html#SGD
to get started. When I try to run the code for the SGD, I get an error on the line
from .optimizer import Optimizer, required. I've searched everywhere but I'm not sure where to obtain the .optimizer package. Any help here is greatly appreciated.
Here import .optimizer means import optimizer.py from the same directory as the current .py file, so this file
I'm trying to run a test python code to use the traci library and it is returning "please declare environment SUMO_HOME".
I'm on Ubuntu 18.4.2 and Sumo 0.32.0.I solved this problem before by running
export SUMO_HOME=/home/gustavo/Downloads/sumo-0.32.0/tools/
,but this time it couldn't solve the problem. So I tried implementing a line inside the python file using the os library giving the same command but from the code itself:
os.system("export SUMO_HOME=/home/gustavo/Downloads/sumo-0.32.0/tool/")
And it also didn't work, so came here to ask for help. May any of you help me, please?
import os
import sys
import optparse
os.system("export SUMO_HOME=/home/gustavo/Downloads/sumo-0.32.0/tool/")
# we need to import some python modules from the $SUMO_HOME/tools directory
if 'SUMO_HOME' in os.environ:
tools = os.path.join(os.environ['SUMO_HOME=/home/gustavo/Downloads/sumo-0.32.0/tools/'], 'tools')
sys.path.append(tools)
else:
sys.exit("please declare environment variable 'SUMO_HOME'")
from sumolib import checkBinary # Checks for the binary in environ vars
import traci
def get_options():
opt_parser = optparse.OptionParser()
opt_parser.add_option("--nogui", action="store_true",
default=False, help="run the commandline version of sumo")
options, args = opt_parser.parse_args()
return options
# contains TraCI control loop
def run():
step = 0
while traci.simulation.getMinExpectedNumber() > 0:
traci.simulationStep()
print(step)
step += 1
traci.close()
sys.stdout.flush()
# main entry point
if __name__ == "__main__":
options = get_options()
# check binary
if options.nogui:
sumoBinary = checkBinary('sumo')
else:
sumoBinary = checkBinary('sumo-gui')
# traci starts sumo as a subprocess and then this script connects and runs
traci.start([sumoBinary, "-c", "demo.sumocfg",
"--tripinfo-output", "tripinfo.xml"])
run()
I expected for the steps to appear on the terminal.
The correct location is probably
export SUMO_HOME=/home/gustavo/Downloads/sumo-0.32.0
without the tools or tool suffix. It will not work from inside the python script with os.system but you could modify os.environ directly.
Furthermore you mixed up the call to os.environ in the script. It should read:
tools = os.path.join(os.environ['SUMO_HOME'], 'tools')
I swapped the if else part for another code :
try:
sys.path.append("/home/gustavo/Downloads/sumo-0.32.0/tools")
from sumolib import checkBinary
except ImportError:
sys.exit("please declare environment variable 'SUMO_HOME' as the root directory of your sumo installation (it should contain folders 'bin', 'tools' and 'docs')")
It solved the problem
I am trying to use Google colab for my project for which I have to upload a few python files because I need those class files.But while executing the main function.It is constantly throwing me an error 'module object has no attribute' . Is there some memory issue with colab or what! Help would be much appreciated.
import numpy as np
import time
import tensorflow as tf
import NN
import Option
import Log
import getData
import Quantize
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'NN'
I uploaded all files using following code :
from google.colab import files
src = list(files.upload().values())[0]
open('Option.py','wb').write(src)
import Option
But its always giving me error on some or the other files which I am importing.
The updated version (for a few weeks) can save the files without you having to call open(fname, 'wb').write(src)
So, you only have to upload your 5 files: NN.py, Option.py, Log.py, getData.py, and Quantize.py (and probably other dependency + data) then try importing each one e.g. import NN to see if there's any error.
I am writing a script that I know I will run in Ipython.
I start Ipython as ipython --pylab.
This imports numpy, matplotlib, etc.
So do I have to specify these import statements again in my script?
I did not, and my script did not run.
Thanks for your help.
--pylab imports numpy both as * and np. I always use np. to minimize confusion.
If I need numpy in my script, I include the usual import numpy as np line. This lets me run the script from the shell. I can also run it with run ... from within IPython. I could also do an import in Ipython or some other script.
I've never tried omitting the import numpy line, and I don't see any need to start. It doesn't save any time or space. Make a habit of importing what you need, and don't assume the environment will do it for you.
Functions that you define and edit from with in IPython don't need their own import statements.
just tried this script:
def foo1(x):
return np.sum(x)
def foo2(x):
return x.sum()
Obviously I can load it with 'run'. And foo2(np.array([1,2,3])) works because the array uses its own method. But foo1 produces a NameError: global name 'np' is not defined.