Is it possible to pass an argument into a sequence function? - kotlin

I'm looking for a way to pass an argument into a Kotlin sequence function similar to how it works in JS:
function *gen () {
console.log(yield) // prints 1
console.log(yield) // prints 2
}
const it = gen()
it.next() // first iteration will execute the first yield and pause
it.next(1) // we pass 1 to the first yield which will be printed
it.next(2) // we pass 2 to the second yield which will be printed
Something like this in Kotlin:
fun main() {
val it = gen().iterator()
// Iterator#next() doesn't expect an argument
it.next(1)
it.next(2)
}
fun gen() = sequence {
println(yield(null)) // Would print 1
println(yield(null)) // Would print 2
}

Kotlin Sequences do not support passing arguments to each yield, but you have at least 2 ways to implement needed behaviour:
Using actors:
class NextQuery<A, T>(val arg: A, val next: CompletableDeferred<T> = CompletableDeferred())
fun test() = runBlocking {
val actor = GlobalScope.actor<NextQuery<String, Int>> {
for (nextQuery in channel) {
nextQuery.next.complete(nextQuery.arg.length)
}
}
val query1 = NextQuery<String, Int>("12345")
actor.send(query1)
println(query1.next.await())
val query2 = NextQuery<String, Int>("1234")
actor.send(query2)
println(query2.next.await())
}
Using channels:
class ArgSequenceScope<out A, in T>(
private val argChannel: ReceiveChannel<A>,
private val nextChannel: SendChannel<T>
) {
suspend fun yield(next: T) {
nextChannel.send(next)
}
suspend fun arg(): A = argChannel.receive()
}
class ArgSequence<in A, out T>(
private val argChannel: SendChannel<A>,
private val nextChannel: ReceiveChannel<T>
) {
suspend fun next(arg: A): T {
argChannel.send(arg)
return nextChannel.receive()
}
}
fun <A, T> sequenceWithArg(block: suspend ArgSequenceScope<A, T>.() -> Unit): ArgSequence<A, T> {
val argChannel = Channel<A>()
val nextChannel = Channel<T>()
val argSequenceScope = ArgSequenceScope(argChannel, nextChannel)
GlobalScope.launch {
argSequenceScope.block()
argChannel.close()
nextChannel.close()
}
return ArgSequence(argChannel, nextChannel)
}
fun test() {
val sequence = sequenceWithArg<String, Int> {
yield(arg().length)
yield(arg().length)
}
runBlocking {
println(sequence.next("12345"))
println(sequence.next("1234"))
}
}

Related

How to access class methods from anonymous suspend function inside constructor in kotlin?

I want to be able to call functions from the anonymous constructor's suspend function in the following example:
data class SuspendableStep(
val condition: SuspendableCondition,
val continuation: Continuation<Unit>
)
class WaitCondition(cycles: Int) : SuspendableCondition() {
private val timer = SomeTimer(cycles)
override fun resume(): Boolean = timer.elapsed() // timer is handled somewhere else
override fun toString(): String = "WaitCondition_$timer"
}
class BasicContinuation : Continuation<Unit> {
var coroutine: Continuation<Unit>
override val context: CoroutineContext = EmptyCoroutineContext
private var nextStep: SuspendableStep? = null
constructor(task: suspend () -> Unit) {
coroutine = task.createCoroutine(completion = this)
}
override fun resumeWith(result: Result<Unit>) {
nextStep = null
result.exceptionOrNull()?.let { e -> Logger.handle("Error with plugin!", e) }
}
suspend fun wait(cycles: Int): Unit = suspendCoroutine {
check(cycles > 0) { "Wait cycles must be greater than 0." }
nextStep = SuspendableStep(WaitCondition(cycles), it)
}
}
fun main() {
BasicContinuation({
println("HELLO")
wait(1)
println("WORLD")
}).coroutine.resume(Unit)
}
There only other option I found was to override a suspend function by creating an anonymous inner class and calling another function to set the coroutine:
fun main() {
val bc = BasicContinuation() {
override suspend fun test() : Unit {
println("HELLO")
wait(1)
println("WORLD")
}
}
bc.set() // assign coroutine to suspend { test }.createCoroutine(completion = this)
bc.coroutine.resume(Unit)
}
I used CoroutineScope to extend the scope of the functions I could access:
class BasicContinuation : Continuation<Unit> {
var coroutine: Continuation<Unit>
override val context: CoroutineContext = EmptyCoroutineContext
private var nextStep: SuspendableStep? = null
constructor(task: (suspend BasicContinuation.(CoroutineScope) -> Unit)) {
coroutine = suspend { task.invoke(this, CoroutineScope(context)) }.createCoroutine(completion = this)
}
override fun resumeWith(result: Result<Unit>) {
nextStep = null
result.exceptionOrNull()?.let { e -> Logger.handle("Error with plugin!", e) }
}
suspend fun wait(cycles: Int): Unit = suspendCoroutine {
check(cycles > 0) { "Wait cycles must be greater than 0." }
nextStep = SuspendableStep(WaitCondition(cycles), it)
}
}
fun main() {
val bc = BasicContinuation({
println("Hello")
wait(1)
println("World")
})
bc.coroutine.resume(Unit) // print "Hello"
// increment timer
bc.coroutine.resume(Unit) // print "World
}

Kotlin equivalent to C# Task.WhenAll

Is there a Kotlin Equivalent of C#'s Task.WhenAll?
I came up with the code below, but I wonder if it is possible to write whenAll so that it only suspends once.
fun main(args: Array<String>) = runBlocking {
println("Start")
val serviceA = KotlinServiceA()
val serviceB = KotlinServiceB()
val deferredA = async(CommonPool) { serviceA.operationA() }
val deferredB = async(CommonPool) { serviceB.operationB() }
var tasks = arrayOf(deferredA, deferredB)
tasks.whenAll()
println("End")
}
suspend fun Array<Deferred<Unit>>.whenAll() : Unit {
for (task in this) {
task.await()
}
}
There is a awaitAll() function that does the job.
val deferredArray: Array<Deferred<Unit>> = arrayOf()
val awaitAllArray = awaitAll(*deferredArray)
If you work with Collection then you can use the awaitAll() extension function
val deferredList: List<Deferred<Unit>> = listOf()
val awaitAllList = deferredList.awaitAll()

Is possible to change dynamically method for an instance?

I wrote down this code:
open class Test(){
override fun toString(): String {
return "This is test!"
}
}
fun createTestX(): Test {
return object : Test() {
override fun toString(): String {
return super.toString() + "XXX"
}
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val x = createTestX()
println(x)
}
It works as expected but I am curious whether is it possible to change method of instance using for example lambda like this:
val x = Test()
x.toString = () -> x.toString() + "XXX"
What you can do
class C {
var example:()->String = this::toString
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val c = C()
println(c.example())
c.example = {"ABCDEF"}
println(c.example())
}
Limitations
Although this works for swapping fields, you cannot use it to override methods. This can be worked around by defining the method to invoke the field.
class C {
var example:()->String = {"ABC"}
override fun toString() = example()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val c = C()
println(c)
c.example = {"DEF"}
println(c)
}
Output:
ABC
DEF

Invoking Action by reference in Kotlin

I've a Map of (key, value) where the value is a predefined function.
I want to iterate the input param in the Mp and check where the key is matching with the input parameter, then invoke the equivalent function, something like this
My code required to be something like below:
fun fn1: Unit { // using Unit is optional
println("Hi there!")
}
fun fn2 {
println("Hi again!")
}
fun MainFun(x: int){
val map: HashMap<Int, String> = hashMapOf(1 to fn1, 2 to fn2)
for ((key, value) in map) {
// if key = x then run/invoke the function mapped with x, for example if x = 1 then invoke fn1
}
}
Notes: I read something like below, but could not know how to us them:
inline fun <K, V> Map<out K, V>.filter(
predicate: (Entry<K, V>) -> Boolean
): Map<K, V> (source)
val russianNames = arrayOf("Maksim", "Artem", "Sophia", "Maria", "Maksim")
val selectedName = russianNames
.filter { it.startsWith("m", ignoreCase = true) }
.sortedBy { it.length }
.firstOrNull()
Hi I hope this would help you.
fun fn1() {
println("Hi there!")
}
fun fn2() {
println("Hi again!")
}
fun main(args: IntArray){
val map = hashMapOf(
1 to ::fn1,
2 to ::fn2)
map.filterKeys { it == args[0] } // filters the map by comparing the first int arg passed and the key
.map { it.value.invoke() } // invoke the function that passed the filter.
}
If the keyis RegEx then map.filterKeys { Regex(it).matches(x) } can be used, below full example of it Try Kotlin:
data class Person(val name: String,
val age: Int? = null)
val persons = listOf(Person("Alice"),
Person("Bob", age = 23))
fun old() {
val oldest = persons.maxBy { it.age ?: 0 }
println("The oldest is: $oldest")
}
fun young() {
val youngest = persons.minBy { it.age ?: 0 }
println("The youngest is: $youngest")
}
fun selection(x: String) {
val map = mapOf(
"old|big" to ::old,
"new|young" to ::young)
map.filterKeys { Regex(it).matches(x) }
.map { it.value.invoke() }
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
selection("new")
}
fun fn1() {
println("Hi there!")
}
fun fn2() {
println("Hi again!")
}
fun main(args: Array<Int>){
val map = hashMapOf(1 to ::fn1, 2 to ::fn2)
map.forEach { key, function -> function.invoke() }
}
This will do the work but your code does not even have the correct syntax. You should learn the basic first.

Reading console input in Kotlin

I am attempting to accept input from the console in Kotlin but it is difficult because I am not too sure about the syntax.
I begin with the main
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
}
WHAT should I enter after this? I am aware that the println() and readline() are involved but I do not know how to structure them.
Objective: prompt user to enter a number, the number entered is multiplied by 6, program returns the result to the console display.
Note that since Kotlin 1.6 readLine()!! should be replaced with
readln().
Here are A+B examples in Kotlin reading from stdin:
fun main() {
val (a, b) = readLine()!!.split(' ')
println(a.toInt() + b.toInt())
}
or
fun main(vararg args: String) {
val (a, b) = readLine()!!.split(' ').map(String::toInt)
println(a + b)
}
or
fun readInts() = readLine()!!.split(' ').map { it.toInt() }
fun main(vararg args: String) {
val (a, b) = readInts()
println(a + b)
}
or
import java.util.Scanner
fun main() {
val input = Scanner(System.`in`)
val a = input.nextInt()
val b = input.nextInt()
println(a + b)
}
or
with(Scanner(System.`in`)) {
val a = nextInt()
val b = nextInt()
println(a + b)
}
Competitive programming
Must-read intro: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/tutorials/competitive-programming.html
Must-watch Kotlin productivity videos: https://www.jetbrains.com/icpc/
Here is an (inspired by the article) extended bunch of helper functions for reading all possible types, lists, arrays, 2d-arrays, etc:
private fun readln() = readLine()!!
private fun readlnByte() = readln().toByte()
private fun readlnShort() = readln().toShort()
private fun readlnInt() = readln().toInt()
private fun readlnLong() = readln().toLong()
private fun readlnFloat() = readln().toFloat()
private fun readlnDouble() = readln().toDouble()
private fun readlnBigInt(radix: Int = 10) = readln().toBigInteger(radix)
private fun readlnBigDecimal() = readln().toBigDecimal()
private fun lineSequence(limit: Int = Int.MAX_VALUE) = generateSequence { readLine() }.constrainOnce().take(limit)
private fun readlnStrings() = readln().split(' ')
private fun readlnBytes() = readlnStrings().map { it.toByte() }
private fun readlnShorts() = readlnStrings().map { it.toShort() }
private fun readlnInts() = readlnStrings().map { it.toInt() }
private fun readlnLongs() = readlnStrings().map { it.toLong() }
private fun readlnFloats() = readlnStrings().map { it.toFloat() }
private fun readlnDoubles() = readlnStrings().map { it.toDouble() }
private fun readByteArray() = readlnStrings().run { ByteArray(size) { get(it).toByte() } }
private fun readShortArray() = readlnStrings().run { ShortArray(size) { get(it).toShort() } }
private fun readIntArray() = readlnStrings().run { IntArray(size) { get(it).toInt() } }
private fun readLongArray() = readlnStrings().run { LongArray(size) { get(it).toLong() } }
private fun readFloatArray() = readlnStrings().run { FloatArray(size) { get(it).toFloat() } }
private fun readDoubleArray() = readlnStrings().run { DoubleArray(size) { get(it).toDouble() } }
private fun readlnByteArray(n: Int) = ByteArray(n) { readlnByte() }
private fun readlnShortArray(n: Int) = ShortArray(n) { readlnShort() }
private fun readlnIntArray(n: Int) = IntArray(n) { readlnInt() }
private fun readlnLongArray(n: Int) = LongArray(n) { readlnLong() }
private fun readlnFloatArray(n: Int) = FloatArray(n) { readlnFloat() }
private fun readlnDoubleArray(n: Int) = DoubleArray(n) { readlnDouble() }
private fun readByteArray2d(rows: Int, cols: Int) = Array(rows) { readByteArray().also { require(it.size == cols) } }
private fun readShortArray2d(rows: Int, cols: Int) = Array(rows) { readShortArray().also { require(it.size == cols) } }
private fun readLongArray2d(rows: Int, cols: Int) = Array(rows) { readLongArray().also { require(it.size == cols) } }
private fun readIntArray2d(rows: Int, cols: Int) = Array(rows) { readIntArray().also { require(it.size == cols) } }
private fun readFloatArray2d(rows: Int, cols: Int) = Array(rows) { readFloatArray().also { require(it.size == cols) } }
private fun readDoubleArray2d(rows: Int, cols: Int) = Array(rows) { readDoubleArray().also { require(it.size == cols) } }
private fun isWhiteSpace(c: Char) = c in " \r\n\t"
// JVM-only targeting code follows next
// readString() via sequence is still slightly faster than Scanner
private fun readString() = generateSequence { System.`in`.read().toChar() }
.dropWhile { isWhiteSpace(it) }.takeWhile { !isWhiteSpace(it) }.joinToString("")
private fun readByte() = readString().toByte()
private fun readShort() = readString().toShort()
private fun readInt() = readString().toInt()
private fun readLong() = readString().toLong()
private fun readFloat() = readString().toFloat()
private fun readDouble() = readString().toDouble()
private fun readBigInt(radix: Int = 10) = readString().toBigInteger(radix)
private fun readBigDecimal() = readString().toBigDecimal()
private fun readBytes(n: Int) = generateSequence { readByte() }.take(n)
private fun readShorts(n: Int) = generateSequence { readShort() }.take(n)
private fun readInts(n: Int) = generateSequence { readInt() }.take(n)
private fun readLongs(n: Int) = generateSequence { readLong() }.take(n)
private fun readFloats(n: Int) = generateSequence { readFloat() }.take(n)
private fun readDoubles(n: Int) = generateSequence { readDouble() }.take(n)
Beware that Scanner is somewhat slow. This may be important in some cases like competitive programming where program's execution on large inputs could be made up to two times faster just by replacing Scanner with plain readLine. Even my suboptimal readString() implementation tokenizing via sequence is slightly faster. It allows to read input tokens until any next whitespace unlike Kotlin's built-in readLine().
I hope someday a concise, crossplatform, performant, universal for both console and files input parsing support would be introduced in Kotlin stdlib. Like readInt, readLong, etc global and Reader extension functions.
This would be very userful not only for competitive programming but also for learning Kotlin as first language.
A concept of reading a number shouldn't require first explaining collections, lambdas and monads.
Bonus
Sometimes you start with console input/output but then need to switch to files.
It becomes too tedious to prepend every read or write call with file stream variable.
Here is a peace of Kotlin magic that allows to just wrap unchanged console code with a couple of lines to force it read and write to files also ensuring they are closed properly:
fun <T : Closeable, R> T.useWith(block: T.() -> R): R = use { with(it, block) }
File("a.in").bufferedReader().useWith {
File("a.out").printWriter().useWith {
val (a, b) = readLine()!!.split(' ').map(String::toInt)
println(a + b)
}
}
Scanner(File("b.in")).useWith {
PrintWriter("b.out").useWith {
val a = nextInt()
val b = nextInt()
println(a + b)
}
}
Wrapping lines can be quickly commented out when happens a need to switch back to console.
Use readLine() to take input from user,
ATQ:
fun main(args:Array<String>){
print("Enter a number")
var variableName:Int = readLine()!!.toInt() // readLine() is used to accept the String value and ".toInt()" will convert the string to Int.
var result:Int= variableName*6
print("The output is:$result")
}
There are multiple alternatives to handle Console I/O with Kotlin.
1. Using the Kotlin Standard Library: The Kotlin standard library provides us extensions to handling I/O based on the classes of the JDK.
To print in the console we can use the print function. If we run the following snippet:
print("Hello from Kotlin")
We’ll see the following message displayed on our terminal:
Hello from Kotlin
Behind-the-scenes this function uses the Java System.out.print method. Also, the library offers us the println alternative function, witch adds the line separator at the end of the message.
In order to read from the console, we can use readLine function:
val inputText = readLine()
2. Using the Java Standard Library: Kotlin has great interoperability with Java. Thus, we can use the standard I/O classes from the JDK in our programs in case we need them.
2.1. Using the Scanner Class: Using the Scanner class is very straightforward; we only need to create an instance and use the nextLine method:
val scanner = Scanner(System.`in`)
val readText = scanner.nextLine()
Note that we are escaping the in property with backticks because it’s a keyword in Kotlin.
2.2. Using the BufferedReader Class: To use the BufferedReader class to read from the standard input stream, we first need to instantiate with System.in:
val reader = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(System.`in`))
And then we can use its methods — for example, readLine():
val readText = reader.readLine()
2.3. Using the Console Class: Unlike the two previous classes, the Console class has additional methods for handling console I/O, like readPassword and printf.
In order to use the Console class we need to get the instance from the System class:
val console = System.console()
val readText = console.readLine()
Also, thanks to Kotlin’s interoperability with Java, we can use additional Java libraries for handling I/O.
In your case, after reading the input you can convert the String value to Int using the toInt() function.
fun readInts(separator: Char = ' ') =
readLine()!!.split(separator).map(String::toInt)
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var A : List<Int> = readInts()
}
By default readLine takes input as string
toInt can be used to convert it to integer
fun main(args:Array<String>){
var first: Int
var second: Int
println("Enter the first number")
first = readLine()!!.toInt()
println("Enter the second number")
second= readLine()!!.toInt()
println("The sum is ${first + second}")
}
Below is the basic function to take the system input
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val sc = Scanner(System.`in`)
val num1 = sc.nextInt()
val num2 = sc.nextInt()
val sum = solveMeFirst(num1, num2)
println(sum)
}
Just create a scan function
fun scan():String{
var str ="";
while ( str==""){
str = readLine().toString()
}
return str;
}
Use like
fun main() {
println("Enter number 1")
val a = scan().toInt()
println("Enter number 2")
val b = scan().toInt()
println(a + b);
}
You can use readLine().
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
println("What's your name?")
val inputText = readLine()
println(“Your name is " + inputText)
}