This question already has answers here:
Cannot simply use PostgreSQL table name ("relation does not exist")
(18 answers)
I keep getting the error "relation [TABLE] does not exist"
(1 answer)
PostgreSQL "Column does not exist" but it actually does
(6 answers)
Omitting the double quote to do query on PostgreSQL
(5 answers)
Closed 2 years ago.
In Postgres, when I run any query using only the table name, I receive the error below:
ERROR: relation "transactions" does not exist
LINE 2: SELECT * FROM TRANSACTIONS
^
SQL state: 42P01
Character: 16
To get around that I need to use "schema.table" format - which makes the queries very long and clunky.
SELECT * FROM public."TRANSACTIONS"
I only have 1 schema - public. I have already tried to set the search_path to public but it doesn't help. Any suggestion?
You can set search path:
SET search_path TO public;
If it doesn't work check what is your search path after setting by:
SHOW search_path;
See documentation: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH
Also note that double quoting object names in PostgreSQL matters. Maybe your search_path is correct but table was created as double quoted "TRANSACTIONS". PostgreSQL converts only unquoted names to lowercase (in all statements), so if you type SELECT FROM TRANSACTIONS it will become SELECT FROM transactions which will correctly yield error that transactions relation doesn't exist (only TRANSACTIONS does). You can check your table name as seen by PostgreSQL by running \dt - display tables (that will also prove your search_path is set correctly).
TLDR; you don't want to double quote anything unless you have good reason for that.
See documentation on quoting here: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS
Looks like you are having trouble with double quoting identifiers ("), which should be avoided if at all possible. If an identifier is double quoted it MUST ALWAYS be double quoted. Thus the the following statements are not the same: Select * from TRANSACTIONS; and Select * from "TRANSACTIONS";
Since public."TRANSACTIONS" works for you try double quoting without the schema:
select * from "TRANSACTIONS";
If that works then make sure to always double quote. Or better, before too far into it, rename it eliminating double quotes.
Related
This question already has answers here:
When to use single quotes, double quotes, and backticks in MySQL
(13 answers)
Closed 2 years ago.
I am working on a project where another developer created a table with column names like 'Business Name'. That is a space between two words. If I run a SELECT statement with 'Business Name' it says there is no column with name 'Business'.
How can I solve this problem?
Generally the first step is to not do that in the first place, but if this is already done, then you need to resort to properly quoting your column names:
SELECT `Business Name` FROM annoying_table
Usually these sorts of things are created by people who have used something like Microsoft Access and always use a GUI to do their thing.
If double quotes does not work , try including the string within square brackets.
For eg:
SELECT "Business Name","Other Name" FROM your_Table
can be changed as
SELECT [Business Name],[Other Name] FROM your_Table
You need to use backtick instead of single quotes:
Single quote - 'Business Name' - Wrong
Backtick - `Business Name` - Correct
To each his own but the right way to code this is to rename the columns inserting underscore so there are no gaps. This will ensure zero errors when coding. When printing the column names for public display you could search-and-replace to replace the underscore with a space.
I got here with an MS Access problem.
Backticks are good for MySQL, but they create weird errors, like "Invalid Query Name: Query1" in MS Access, for MS Access only, use square brackets:
It should look like this
SELECT Customer.[Customer ID], Customer.[Full Name] ...
I think double quotes works too:
SELECT "Business Name","Other Name" FROM your_Table
But I only tested on SQL Server NOT mySQL in case someone work with MS SQL Server.
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I'm trying to execute a simple MySQL query as below:
INSERT INTO user_details (username, location, key)
VALUES ('Tim', 'Florida', 42)
But I'm getting the following error:
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'key) VALUES ('Tim', 'Florida', 42)' at line 1
How can I fix the issue?
The Problem
In MySQL, certain words like SELECT, INSERT, DELETE etc. are reserved words. Since they have a special meaning, MySQL treats it as a syntax error whenever you use them as a table name, column name, or other kind of identifier - unless you surround the identifier with backticks.
As noted in the official docs, in section 10.2 Schema Object Names (emphasis added):
Certain objects within MySQL, including database, table, index, column, alias, view, stored procedure, partition, tablespace, and other object names are known as identifiers.
...
If an identifier contains special characters or is a reserved word, you must quote it whenever you refer to it.
...
The identifier quote character is the backtick ("`"):
A complete list of keywords and reserved words can be found in section 10.3 Keywords and Reserved Words. In that page, words followed by "(R)" are reserved words. Some reserved words are listed below, including many that tend to cause this issue.
ADD
AND
BEFORE
BY
CALL
CASE
CONDITION
DELETE
DESC
DESCRIBE
FROM
GROUP
IN
INDEX
INSERT
INTERVAL
IS
KEY
LIKE
LIMIT
LONG
MATCH
NOT
OPTION
OR
ORDER
PARTITION
RANK
REFERENCES
SELECT
TABLE
TO
UPDATE
WHERE
The Solution
You have two options.
1. Don't use reserved words as identifiers
The simplest solution is simply to avoid using reserved words as identifiers. You can probably find another reasonable name for your column that is not a reserved word.
Doing this has a couple of advantages:
It eliminates the possibility that you or another developer using your database will accidentally write a syntax error due to forgetting - or not knowing - that a particular identifier is a reserved word. There are many reserved words in MySQL and most developers are unlikely to know all of them. By not using these words in the first place, you avoid leaving traps for yourself or future developers.
The means of quoting identifiers differs between SQL dialects. While MySQL uses backticks for quoting identifiers by default, ANSI-compliant SQL (and indeed MySQL in ANSI SQL mode, as noted here) uses double quotes for quoting identifiers. As such, queries that quote identifiers with backticks are less easily portable to other SQL dialects.
Purely for the sake of reducing the risk of future mistakes, this is usually a wiser course of action than backtick-quoting the identifier.
2. Use backticks
If renaming the table or column isn't possible, wrap the offending identifier in backticks (`) as described in the earlier quote from 10.2 Schema Object Names.
An example to demonstrate the usage (taken from 10.3 Keywords and Reserved Words):
mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax.
near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)'
mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Similarly, the query from the question can be fixed by wrapping the keyword key in backticks, as shown below:
INSERT INTO user_details (username, location, `key`)
VALUES ('Tim', 'Florida', 42)"; ^ ^
This question already has answers here:
Insert text with single quotes in PostgreSQL
(8 answers)
Correctly delimit single quotes in postgres insert/update
(1 answer)
Closed 4 years ago.
I'm writing a function that logs interactions with a Facebook messenger bot. Anything the user says is logged in a PostgreSQL database.
My insert statement looks like this:
INSERT INTO interactions (fbid,date,time,event) VALUES ('senderid','2018-10-
01','11:15:48','text')
Treat "senderid" as a 20-digit number and "text" as whatever the user says.
Now, the above statement works IF the text from the user contains no apostrophe characters. However, sometimes the text DOES contain apostrophes. In these cases, the insert doesn't work.
For example, if the user says "Let's chat" then my SQL looks like this:
INSERT INTO interactions (fbid,date,time,event) VALUES
('senderid','2018-10-01','11:15:19','Let's Chat!')
and I get the following error:
Query result: error: syntax error at or near "s"
I know this is because I would need to escape the apostrophe. I've tried working around this by using double quotes in my insert statement, like this:
INSERT INTO interactions (fbid,date,time,event) VALUES ("senderid","2018-09-
28","10:50:07","Let's chat")
But when I do this I get the following error:
ERROR: column "senderid" does not exist
So I have two questions:
CAN I use double quotes in a SQL insert?
If I CAN'T use double quotes in a SQL insert, how would I escape an apostrophe character, bearing in mind there may not always BE an apostrophe?
Try below: you need to use single quote twice in case of apostrophi like let's will be let''s
INSERT INTO interactions (fbid,date,time,event) VALUES ('senderid','2018-09-
28','10:50:07','Let''s chat')
1.CAN I use double quotes in a SQL insert?
no you can't because double quote means column name in postgrey that why when sql engine found that column when you use double quote
you can use
'Let''s Chat!'
I am trying to update a table in pgadmin 3 (postgres 9.4) called: assay.Luminex.Luminex_GT_shared.Analyte
I kept getting the error:
ERROR: improper qualified name (too many dotted names):
assay.luminex.luminex_gt_shared.analyte
I have tested backquotes and brackets to no avail, keep getting syntax errors:
SELECT * FROM `assay.Luminex.Luminex_GT_shared.Analyte`;
SELECT * FROM [assay.Luminex.Luminex_GT_shared.Analyte];
I am a newb to SQL, I am just trying to make a simple update to a table and getting stuck on this.
As documented in the manual in SQL, non-standard identifiers have to be quoted with double quotes:
SELECT *
FROM "assay.Luminex.Luminex_GT_shared.Analyte";
But you should really avoid names like that.
I have imported 100 of tables in Postgres from MSSql server 2008 through tool which created all the tables along with their columns in capital letter. Now if I want to make a data view from table e.g - STD_TYPE_CODES as-
select * from STD_TYPE_CODES
I am getting following error-
ERROR: relation "std_type_codes" does not exist
LINE 1: select * from STD_TYPE_CODES
^
********** Error **********
ERROR: relation "std_type_codes" does not exist
SQL state: 42P01
Character: 15
I know I can put the quotes around the table name as-
select * from "STD_TYPE_CODES"
But as I have worked with MSSql Server, there is no such kind of issue.
So is there any way to get rid of this? Please help.
In PostgreSQL unquoted names are case-insensitive. Thus SELECT * FROM hello and SELECT * FROM HELLO are equivalent.
However, quoted names are case-sensitive. SELECT * FROM "hello" is not equivalent to SELECT * FROM "HELLO".
To make a "bridge" between quoted names and unquoted names, unquoted names are implicitly lowercased, thus hello, HELLO and HeLLo are equivalent to "hello", but not to "HELLO" or "HeLLo" (OOPS!).
Thus, when creating entities (tables, views, procedures, etc) in PostgreSQL, you should specify them either unquoted, or quoted-but-lowercased.
To convert existing tables/views/etc you can use something like ALTER TABLE "FOO" RENAME TO "foo".
Or, try to modify dump from MSSQL to make it "PostgreSQL-compatible" (so that it will contain foos or "foo"s but not "FOO"s).
Either by explicitly editing dump file. (If you're using Linux, you can do sed -r 's/"[^"]+"/\L\0/g' dumpfile — however be warned that this command may also modify text in string literals.)
Or by specifying some options when getting dump from MSSQL. (I'm not sure if there are such options in MSSQL, never used it, but probably such options should exist.)