Cyclomatic Complexity of multiple if statements - testing

if (k = = 1)
r + = a;
else if (k = = 2)
r + = b;
else if (k = = 3)
r + = c;
else
r + = d;
switch (k) {
case 1:
r + = a;
break;
case 2:
r + = b;
break;
case 3:
r + = c;
break;
default:
r + = d;
break;
}
I am trying to understand whether for both the multiple if statement and the switch case the sample control flow diagram is the below diagram. I am sure that it is true for the switch case but i am unable to draw one for the multiple if statement


The switch statement is nothing but syntactic sugar for the multiple if/else. The control flows are exactly the same. So is the cyclomatic complexity.

Related

Time complexity from pseudocode

I am trying to find the Time complexity from the lines of code. However, I am not really getting it.
int codeMT(int n) {
int a = 1;
int i = 1;
while (i < n * n) {
j = 1;
while (j < n * n * n) {
j = j * 3;
a = a + j + i;
}
i = i + 2;
}
return a;
}
In this case, this is my thought process.
Firstly, we need to start from the inner loop.
while (j < n * n * n) {
j = j * 3;
a = a + j + i;
}
In here, there is j = j * 3 which makes this log(n)(log base 3) but then we have a loop guard that has nnn which makes the n^3. Therefore, this part of code has log(n^3) time complexity.
Secondly, the outer while loop has the loop guard of n * n which makes it n^2.
Thus, O(n^2(log(n^3))
Is my approach okay? or is there anything that I am missing/things that I could improve my thought process?
Thank you

CASE expression in WHERE clause for diferent and

Can I use case expression to build where like this?
select *
from table
where
case
when x=y then z= j and t=v
when x=k then q= p and s=l
end
;
I need change where clause depending on the value of x variable.

Use or:
select *
from table
where (x = y and z = j and t = v) or (x = k and q = p and s = l);

An alternative to using OR is to use nested CASE statements:
SELECT *
FROM table_name
WHERE CASE
WHEN x = y THEN CASE WHEN z = j AND t = v THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
WHEN x = k THEN CASE WHEN q = p AND s = l THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
ELSE 0
END = 1;
or you could simplify it to:
SELECT *
FROM table_name
WHERE CASE
WHEN x = y AND z = j AND t = v THEN 1
WHEN x = k AND q = p AND s = l THEN 1
ELSE 0
END = 1;
However, you should check whether Oracle can use column indexes or if a separate function-based index is required with these solutions.

Building complex SQL command

I am using sql for select, update, insert and some other features, but only simple ones until now. Now I need to write a complex command.
I have looked at using case but I do not know how to implement it.
This is what it should look like:
SELECT KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ID AS ISTORIJAID, KVIZ_PITANJA.PITANJE1, ~TACNO~
FROM KVIZ_ISTORIJA
INNER JOIN KVIZ_PITANJA ON KVIZ_ISTORIJA.PITANJEID = KVIZ_PITANJA.PITANJEID
WHERE REZULTATID = 12
I used ~TACNO~ to point out where I need a conditional value.
How I would write the condition in C# is like this (I will use column names from table as variables):
int ~TACNO~ = -1;
int I = -1;
if(KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR1_TACAN == 1)
I = 1;
else if(KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR2_TACAN == 1)
I = 2;
else if(KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR3_TACAN == 1)
I = 3;
else if(KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR4_TACAN == 1)
I = 4;
else if(KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR5_TACAN == 1)
I = 5;
switch(I)
{
case 1:
if(KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO1 = 1)
~TACNO~ = 1;
break;
case 2:
if(KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO2 = 1)
~TACNO~ = 1;
break;
case 3:
if(KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO3 = 1)
~TACNO~ = 1;
break;
case 4:
if(KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO4 = 1)
~TACNO~ = 1;
break;
case 5:
if(KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO5 = 1)
~TACNO~ = 1;
break;
}
How can I write the equivalent of this C# condition in SQL query?

You can use a searched CASE like this:
case
when (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR1_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO1 = 1) then 1
when (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR2_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO2 = 1) then 1
when (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR3_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO3 = 1) then 1
when (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR4_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO4 = 1) then 1
when (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR5_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO5 = 1) then 1
else -1
end
You could also do it as a single when clause, by joining the conditions using OR, but I think that is less readable:
case
when (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR1_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO1 = 1)
or (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR2_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO2 = 1)
or (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR3_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO3 = 1)
or (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR4_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO4 = 1)
or (KVIZ_PITANJA.ODGOVOR5_TACAN = 1 and KVIZ_ISTORIJA.ODGOVORENO5 = 1) then 1
else -1
end
But as suggested by Arioch'The in the comments: consider normalizing your design, so you don't have repeating columns in a single table, but instead multiple rows with a discriminator column. It would simplify things like this.

Trying to do a gaussian bell in Scilab

I'm trying to do a Gaussian bell using the data I am obtaining from a matrix but everytime I try to run the program I obtain this message:
"Error: syntax error, unexpected identifier, expecting end"
The data used to obtain the gaussina bell is a matrix which includes the last point of every n displacements, which are the last position of a particle. I want to know if there is an easier way to obtain the gaussian bell in scilab because I have to also do a fit with an histogram using the same data.
function bla7()
t=4000
n=1000
l=0.067
p=%pi*2
w1=zeros(t,1);
w2=zeros(t,1);
for I=1:t
a=(grand(n,1,"unf",0,p));
x=l*cos(a)
y=l*sin(a)
z1=zeros(n,1);
z2=zeros(n,1);
for i=2:n
z1(i)=z1(i-1)+x(i);
z2(i)=z2(i-1)+y(i);
end
w1(I)=z1($)
w2(I)=z2($)
end
n=10000
w10=zeros(t,1);
w20=zeros(t,1);
for I=1:t
a=(grand(n,1,"unf",0,p));
x=l*cos(a)
y=l*sin(a)
z1=zeros(n,1);
z2=zeros(n,1);
for i=2:n
z1(i)=z1(i-1)+x(i);
z2(i)=z2(i-1)+y(i);
end
w10(I)=z1($)
w20(I)=z2($)
end
n=100
w100=zeros(t,1);
w200=zeros(t,1);
for I=1:t
a=(grand(n,1,"unf",0,p));
x=l*cos(a)
y=l*sin(a)
z1=zeros(n,1);
z2=zeros(n,1);
for i=2:n
z1(i)=z1(i-1)+x(i);
z2(i)=z2(i-1)+y(i);
end
w100(I)=z1($)
w200(I)=z2($)
end
k=70
v=12/k
c1=zeros(k,1)
for r=1:t
c=w1(r)
m=-6+v
n=-6
for g=1:k
if (c<m & c>=n) then
c1(g)=c1(g)+1
m=m+v
n=n+v
else
m=m+v
n=n+v
end
end
end
c2=zeros(k,1)
c2(1)=-6+(6/k)
for b=2:k
c2(b)=c2(b-1)+v
end
y = stdev(w1)
normal1=zeros(k,1)
normal2=zeros(k,1)
bb=-6
bc=-6+v
for wa=1:k
bd=(bb+bc)/2
gauss1=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bb/y)^2)
gauss2=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bc/y)^2)
gauss3=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bd/y)^2)
gauss4=((bc-bb)/6)*(gauss1+gauss2+4*gauss3)
bb=bb+v
bc=bc+v
normal2(wa,1)=gauss4
end
normal3=normal2*4000
k=100
v=24/k
c10=zeros(k,1)
for r=1:t
c=w10(r)
m=-12+v
n=-12
for g=1:k
if (c<m & c>=n) then
c10(g)=c10(g)+1
m=m+v
n=n+v
else
m=m+v
n=n+v
end
end
end
c20=zeros(k,1)
c20(1)=-12+(12/k)
for b=2:k
c20(b)=c20(b-1)+v
end
y = stdev(w10)
normal10=zeros(k,1)
normal20=zeros(k,1)
bb=-12
bc=-12+v
for wa=1:k
bd=(bb+bc)/2
gauss10=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bb/y)^2)
gauss20=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bc/y)^2)
gauss30=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bd/y)^2)
gauss40=((bc-bb)/6)*(gauss10+gauss20+4*gauss30)
bb=bb+v
bc=bc+v
normal20(wa,1)=gauss40
end
normal30=normal20*4000
k=70
v=12/k
c100=zeros(k,1)
for r=1:t
c=w100(r)
m=-6+v
n=-6
for g=1:k
if (c<m & c>=n) then
c100(g)=c100(g)+1
m=m+v
n=n+v
else
m=m+v
n=n+v
end
end
end
c200=zeros(k,1)
c200(1)=-6+(6/k)
for b=2:k
c200(b)=c200(b-1)+v
end
y = stdev(w100)
normal100=zeros(k,1)
normal200=zeros(k,1)
bb=-6
bc=-6+v
for wa=1:k
bd=(bb+bc)/2
gauss100=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bb/y)^2)
gauss200=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bc/y)^2)
gauss300=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bd/y)^2)
gauss400=((bc-bb)/6)*(gauss100+gauss200+4*gauss300)
bb=bb+v
bc=bc+v
normal200(wa,1)=gauss400
end
normal300=normal200*4000
bar(c20,c10,1.0,'white')
plot(c20, normal30, 'b-')
bar(c2,c1,1.0,'white')
plot(c2, normal3, 'r-')
bar(c200,c100,1.0,'white')
plot(c200, normal300, 'm-')
poly1.thickness=3;
xlabel(["x / um"]);
ylabel("molecules");
gcf().axes_size=[500,500]
a=gca();
a.zoom_box=[-12,12;0,600];
a.font_size=4;
a.labels_font_size=5;
a.x_label.font_size = 5;
a.y_label.font_size = 5;
ticks = a.x_ticks
ticks.labels =["-12";"-10";"-8";"-6";"-4";"-2";"0";"2";"4";"6";"8";"10";"12"]
ticks.locations = [-12;-10;-8;-6;-4;-2;0;2;4;6;8;10;12]
a.x_ticks = ticks
endfunction

Each and every one of your gauss variables are missing the multiplication operator in two places. Check every line at it will run. For example, this:
gauss1=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi)))exp(-0.5(bb/y)^2)
should be this:
gauss1=(1/(y*sqrt(2*%pi))) * exp(-0.5 * (bb/y)^2)
As for the Gaussian bell, there is no standard function in Scilab. However, you could define a new function to make things more clear in your case:
function x = myGauss(s,b_)
x = (1/(s*sqrt(2*%pi)))*exp(-0.5*(b_/s)^2)
endfunction
Actually, while we're at it, your whole code is really difficult to read. You should define functions instead of repeating code: it helps clarify what you mean, and if there is a mistake, you need to fix only one place. Also, I personally do not recommend that you enclose everything in a function like bla7() because it makes things harder to debug. Your example could be rewritten like this:
The myGauss function;
A function w_ to calculate w1, w2, w10, w20, w100 and w200;
A function c_ to calculate c1, c2, c10, c20, c100 and c200;
A function normal_ to calculate normal1, normal2, normal10, normal20, normal100 and normal200;
Call all four functions as many times as needed with different inputs for different results.
If you do that, your could will look like this:
function x = myGauss(s,b_)
x = (1 / (s * sqrt(2 * %pi))) * exp(-0.5 * (b_/s)^2);
endfunction
function [w1_,w2_] = w_(t_,l_,n_,p_)
w1_ = zeros(t_,1);
w2_ = zeros(t_,1);
for I = 1 : t_
a = (grand(n_,1,"unf",0,p_));
x = l_ * cos(a);
y = l_ * sin(a);
z1 = zeros(n_,1);
z2 = zeros(n_,1);
for i = 2 : n_
z1(i) = z1(i-1) + x(i);
z2(i) = z2(i-1) + y(i);
end
w1_(I) = z1($);
w2_(I) = z2($);
end
endfunction
function [c1_,c2_] = c_(t_,k_,v_,w1_,x_)
c1_ = zeros(k_,1)
for r = 1 : t_
c = w1_(r);
m = -x_ + v_;
n = -x_;
for g = 1 : k_
if (c < m & c >= n) then
c1_(g) = c1_(g) + 1;
m = m + v_;
n = n + v_;
else
m = m + v_;
n = n + v_;
end
end
end
c2_ = zeros(k_,1);
c2_(1) = -x_ + (x_/k_);
for b = 2 : k_
c2_(b) = c2_(b-1) + v_;
end
endfunction
function [normal1_,normal2_,normal3_] = normal_(k_,bb_,bc_,v_,w1_)
y = stdev(w1_);
normal1_ = zeros(k_,1);
normal2_ = zeros(k_,1);
for wa = 1 : k_
bd_ = (bb_ + bc_) / 2;
gauss1 = myGauss(y,bb_);
gauss2 = myGauss(y,bc_);
gauss3 = myGauss(y,bd_);
gauss4 = ((bc_ - bb_) / 6) * (gauss1 + gauss2 + 4 * gauss3);
bb_ = bb_ + v_;
bc_ = bc_ + v_;
normal2_(wa,1) = gauss4;
end
normal3_ = normal2_ * 4000;
endfunction
t = 4000;
l = 0.067;
p = 2 * %pi;
n = 1000;
k = 70;
v = 12 / k;
x = 6;
bb = -x;
bc = -x + v;
[w1,w2] = w_(t,l,n,p);
[c1,c2] = c_(t,k,v,w1,x);
[normal1,normal2,normal3] = normal_(k,bb,bc,v,w1);
bar(c2,c1,1.0,'white');
plot(c2, normal3, 'r-');
n = 10000;
k = 100;
v = 24 / k;
x = 12;
bb = -x;
bc = -x + v;
[w10,w20] = w_(t,l,n,p);
[c10,c20] = c_(t,k,v,w10,x);
[normal10,normal20,normal30] = normal_(k,bb,bc,v,w10);
bar(c20,c10,1.0,'white');
plot(c20, normal30, 'b-');
n = 100;
k = 70;
v = 12 / k;
x = 6;
bb = -x;
bc = -x + v;
[w100,w200] = w_(t,l,n,p);
[c100,c200] = c_(t,k,v,w100,x);
[normal100,normal200,normal300] = normal_(k,bb,bc,v,w100);
bar(c200,c100,1.0,'white');
plot(c200, normal300, 'm-');
poly1.thickness=3;
xlabel(["x / um"]);
ylabel("molecules");
gcf().axes_size=[500,500]
a=gca();
a.zoom_box=[-12,12;0,600];
a.font_size=4;
a.labels_font_size=5;
a.x_label.font_size = 5;
a.y_label.font_size = 5;
ticks = a.x_ticks
ticks.labels =["-12";"-10";"-8";"-6";"-4";"-2";"0";"2";"4";"6";"8";"10";"12"]
ticks.locations = [-12;-10;-8;-6;-4;-2;0;2;4;6;8;10;12]
a.x_ticks = ticks

How to do this in Visual basic?

How to do the "a++" and "b++" in Visual basic?
What is the another codes for there in Vb?
The names there are just example.
int a = 0;
int b = 0;
{
if (ans1.Text == "James")
{
a++;
}
else
{
b++;
}
if (ans2.Text == "Ryan")
{
a++;
}
else
{
b++;
}
if (ans3.Text == "Mac")
{
a++;
}
else
{
b++;
}
t1.Text = a.ToString();
t2.Text = b.ToString();
}

Like this:
a += 1
b += 1
(...)

Like this
DIM a as integer = 0
DIM b as integer = 0
If ans1.Text = "James" Then
a += 1
Else
b += 1
End If
If ans2.Text = "Ryan" Then
a += 1
Else
b += 1
End If
If ans3.Text = "Mac" Then
a += 1
Else
b += 1
End If
t1.Text = a.ToString()
t2.Text = b.ToString()

Your question has already been answered but I think it would be useful to see how you could simplify your code:
Dim correctAnswers As Integer = 0
Dim totalQuestions As Integer = 3'you need to modify this is you add more questions
'increment the number of correct answers for each one we find
correctAnswers += If(ans1.text = "James", 1, 0)
correctAnswers += If(ans2.text = "Ryan", 1, 0)
correctAnswers += If(ans3.text = "Mac", 1, 0)
'show the number of correct and incorrect answers
t1.Text = correctAnswers.ToString()
t2.Text = (totalQuestions - correctAnswers).ToString() 'show the number of incorrect questions

Neither the postfix nor prefix ++ are defined in Visual Basic.
Your only realistic option is to use a = a + 1 (or, in later BASICs, a += 1) instead (note the lack of a ; for a statement terminator). But note that this will not evaluate to the previous value of a and the entire construct is not an expression in the C / C++ sense. You could build a function to mimic a++ but that would be too obfuscating.