A simple sql query Need explanation how is it giving output? - sql

I got this query from some one and I queried this in SQL Server 2012
Select 20 | 25 as test
O/P : 29
select 20 & 25 as test
O/P : 16
select 10 | 25 as test
O/P : 27
select 10 & 25 as test
O/P : 8
I need step by step explanation for this output, can any one help me out.

Unlike binary calculators SQL Server does not add values if the
operator is OR, it uses pipe character (|) for bitwise OR
operator. It returns 1 if one or both bits are 1
AND returns 1 if both bits are 1. Either of the bit is 0 it returns 0
Step by Step Explanation as you were looking for
Select 20 | 25 as test <-- we will do it for this one first
First it will convert these values to Binary i.e
20 = 10100
25 = 11001
Now it returns 1 if one or both bits are 1 else it returns 0.
Considering this the result is 11101 which is 29
select 20 & 25 as test <-- Lets have a look into this now
Convert to Binary -
20 = 10100
25 = 11001
& returns 1 if both bits are 1 else returns 0
According to this the result is 10000 which is 16

Related

MS Access average a value based on other column data

So my data looks something like this:
Smpl_id Plate_id CT_Value
1 1 27
1 1 32
2 1 56
2 1 49
1 2 40
1 2 36
2 2 58
2 2 64
I would like to design a query that returns averages of CT_Value of each sample in a plate, so it would look like this:
Smpl_id Plate_id Avg_CT
1 1 29.5
2 1 52.5
1 2 38
2 2 61
I have tried
Avg_CT: DAvg("[CT_Value]","[qPCR_sample_data]","[Plate_id] = '" & [Plate_id] & "'" And "[Smpl_is] = '" & [Smpl_id] & "'")
But that just results in:
Smpl_id Plate_id CT_Value
1 1 45.25
1 1 45.25
2 1 45.25
2 1 45.25
1 2 45.25
1 2 45.25
2 2 45.25
2 2 45.25
I can't just list the plate or sample id numbers because this is actually a long list that is continually growing. I also need to use these average numbers in future calculations (that I have already figured out how to do).
Also, I have just started using MS Access (designing a brand new database), so I kinda understand SQL but have very little actual experience in it.
Thank you!
You will need to use a group by query.
Create a new query, and add the table (in my example I've called it tblSample).
Add the three fields, Smpl_id, Plate_id and CT_Value to the query grid.
On the Query Design memubar, click on the button labelled "Totals".
This introduces a new row in the query grid called "Total", with all three fields having it set to "Group By".
Simply change the "Group By" for CT_Value to "Avg", and run the query to get the results you are after:
Regards,
You should be able to use simple aggregation such as:
select t.smpl_id, t.plate_id, avg(t.ct_value) as avg_ct
from qpcr_sample_data t
group by t.smpl_id, t.plate_id

Two Condition Where-clause SQL

I need to filter some rows when 2 conditions are met, but not excluding the other rows.
Table:
idRow idMaster idList
1 10 45
2 10 46
3 10 47
4 11 10
5 11 98
6 14 56
7 16 28
8 20 55
Example:
When:
idMaster=10 and id List=45 (only show this combination for idMaster 10)
idMaster=11 and idList=98 (only show this combination for idMaster 11)
list all other rows as well.
Expected result:
idRow idMaster idList
1 10 45
5 11 98
6 14 56
7 16 28
8 20 55
Running SQL Server 2014
I tried combinations of CASE IF but all cases only filter the idMaster=10,11 and idList=45,98, excluding the other rows
Although you didn't mentioned the database name, this following query logic will be applicable for all databases-
SELECT *
FROM your_table
WHERE idMaster NOT IN (10,11)
OR (idMaster = 10 AND idList = 45)
OR (idMaster = 11 AND idList = 98)
You can indeed do this with a (nested) case. Hopefully this helps you understand better.
case idMaster
when 10 then case idList when 45 then 1 end
when 11 then case idList when 98 then 1 end
else 1
end = 1
This might be the best though:
not (idList = 10 and idList <> 45 or idList = 11 and idList <> 98)
Overall it's usually beneficial to avoid repeating that list of values in multiple places. Both of these avoid the need to keep things in sync when changes come.

Select every ten steps SQL

I have the following table:
----------------------------------------------
oNumber oValue1
----------------------------------------------
1 54
2 44
3 89
4 65
ff.
10 33
11 22
ff.
20 43
21 76
ff.
100 45
I want to select every 10 value in oNumber. So the result should be:
----------------------------------------------
oNumber oValue1
----------------------------------------------
10 33
20 43
ff.
100 45
Also, oNumber is not a sequence number. It's just a value. Even it isn't a sequence number, 10, 20, 30 and so on will always appear under oNumber field.
Does anyone know how is the tsql for this case?
Thank you.
select * from table where oNumber % 10 = 0
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190279.aspx
Use the "Modulo" operator - %. So in this case, the answer would be something like:
SELECT * FROM table WHERE oNumber % 10 = 0
This will only load if oNumber is a number divisible by ten (and therefore has a remainder zero).
In the case you simply want multiples of 10, then just use the modulo operator as stated by Daniel and Ian.
select *
from table
where oNumber % 10 = 0;
However, I felt that you could be alluding to the fact that you want to get every 10th item in your list. If that's the case, which it may be not, you would simply just sequence your set based on oNumber and use the modulo operator.
select *
from (
select *,
RowNum = row_number() over (order by oNumber)
from table) a
where RowNum % 10 = 0;

Pivot on multiple fields and export from Access

I have built an access application for a manufacturing plant and have provided them with a report that lists different data points along a process. I have a way to generate a report that looks like the following.
Batch Zone Value1 Value 2 etc.
25 1 5 15
25 2 12 31
26 1 6 14
26 2 10 32
However, there is demand to view the data in a different format. They would like one line per batch, with all data horizontal. Like this...
Zone 1 Zone 2
Batch Value1 Value2 Value1 Value2
25 5 15 12 31
26 6 14 10 32
In all there will be 157 columns, if displayed as in the second example. There are 7 unique field names, but the rest are 14 different data types that are repeated. I can't get a query to display the data in the format the they want, do to the fact that the field names are the same, but it is not hard to do it the first way. I can use VBA to insert the data into a table, but I can't use duplicate field names, so when I go to export this to Excel the field names won't mean anything, and there can't be sections (like zone1, zone2, etc.) I can link a report to this, but the report width can only be 22", so I would have to export and then do some vba handling of the excel sheet on the other end to display in a legible way.
I can get the data into format #1, is there some way I can get the data to display in one long row based on batch number? Does anyone else have a great idea of how this is doable?
Open to any suggestions. Thanks!
In your question you say that
I have a way to generate a report that looks like the following
and then list the data as
Batch Zone Value1 Value2
----- ---- ------ ------
25 1 5 15
25 2 12 31
26 1 6 14
26 2 10 32
Now perhaps the data may already be in "un-pivoted" form somewhere (with different Values in separate rows), but if not then you would use something like the following query to achieve that
SELECT
[Batch],
"Zone" & [Zone] & "_" & "Value1" AS [ValueID],
[Value1] AS [ValueValue]
FROM BatchDataByZone
UNION ALL
SELECT
[Batch],
"Zone" & [Zone] & "_" & "Value2" AS [ValueID],
[Value2] AS [ValueValue]
FROM BatchDataByZone
...returning:
Batch ValueID ValueValue
----- ------------ ----------
25 Zone1_Value1 5
25 Zone2_Value1 12
26 Zone1_Value1 6
26 Zone2_Value1 10
25 Zone1_Value2 15
25 Zone2_Value2 31
26 Zone1_Value2 14
26 Zone2_Value2 32
However you get to that point, if you save that query as [BatchDataUnpivoted] then you could use a simple Crosstab Query to "string out" the values for each batch...
TRANSFORM Sum(BatchDataUnpivoted.[ValueValue]) AS SumOfValueValue
SELECT BatchDataUnpivoted.[Batch]
FROM BatchDataUnpivoted
GROUP BY BatchDataUnpivoted.[Batch]
PIVOT BatchDataUnpivoted.[ValueID];
...returning...
Batch Zone1_Value1 Zone1_Value2 Zone2_Value1 Zone2_Value2
----- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
25 5 15 12 31
26 6 14 10 32

Sql Server Row Concatenation

I have a table (table variable in-fact) that holds several thousand (50k approx) rows of the form:
group (int) isok (bit) x y
20 0 1 1
20 1 2 1
20 1 3 1
20 0 1 2
20 0 2 1
21 1 1 1
21 0 2 1
21 1 3 1
21 0 1 2
21 1 2 2
And to pull this back to the client is a fairly hefty task (especially since isok is a bit). What I would like to do is transform this into the form:
group mask
20 01100
21 10101
And maybe go even a step further by encoding this into a long etc.
NOTE: The way in which the data is stored currently cannot be changed.
Is something like this possible in SQL Server 2005, and if possible even 2000 (quite important)?
EDIT: I forgot to make it clear that the original table is already in an implicit ordering that needs to be maintained, there isnt one column that acts as a linear sequence, but rather the ordering is based on two other columns (integers) as above (x & y)
You can treat the bit as a string ('0', '1') and deploy one of the many string aggregate concatenation methods described here: http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/t-sql-programming/concatenating-row-values-in-transact-sql/