I'm trying to extract Days, Hours, Minutes, Seconds from the output of subtracting two timestamps in an Oracle database. I then want to take the extracted values and put them into separate columns. I am able to accomplish this using substr but that doesn't seem efficient. Is there a more efficient and programmatic way of extracting the values? Below is an example query with the current and desired output.
Example:
SELECT
to_timestamp('2019-11-10 15:00:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss') -
to_timestamp('2019-10-25 13:25:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss')
as TIME_DIFF,
SUBSTR(to_timestamp('2019-11-10 15:00:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss') -
to_timestamp('2019-10-25 13:25:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss'), 9, 2)
as DAYS
from dual
Current Output:
TIME_DIFF | DAYS
------------------------------+-----
+000000016 01:35:00.000000000 | 16
Desired Output:
DAYS | HOUR | MIN | SS
-----+------+-----+---+
16 | 01 | 35 | 00
You can use extract() to pull out the required values from the interval:
with t as (
select to_timestamp('2019-11-10 15:00:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss') -
to_timestamp('2019-10-25 13:25:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss')
as TIME_DIFF
from dual
)
select
extract(day from time_diff) days,
extract(hour from time_diff) hours,
extract(minute from time_diff) minutes,
extract(second from time_diff) seconds
from t
Demo on DB Fiddle:
DAYS | HOURS | MINUTES | SECONDS
---: | ----: | ------: | ------:
16 | 1 | 35 | 0
You could take a look at extract() Checkout this answer: TIMESTAMPDIFF in Oracle 11g?
Related
In my Input tables I am trying to add hours (NUMERIC) to a timestamp
time_of_Day
2020-10-01 22:15:00
2020-11-01 15:04:00
hours_to_add
3
4
Expected result
2020-10-02 01:15:00
2020-11-01 19:04:00
I tried the following method but I get an error: invalid input syntax for type interval: "hours_to_add"
SELECT
time_of_Day+ interval 'hours_to_add' hour
from your_table;
You can just do:
select time_of_Day + hours_to_add/24 from your_table;
This produces a result of date datatype.
If you wanted interval arithmetics (and have a result of timestamp datatype):
select time_of_day + hours_to_add * interval '1' hour from your_table
Demo on DB Fiddle:
with t as (
select timestamp '2020-10-01 22:15:00' time_of_Day , 3 hours_to_add from dual
union all select timestamp '2020-11-01 15:04:00', 4 from dual
)
select
t.*,
time_of_day + hours_to_add/24 as_date,
time_of_day + hours_to_add * interval '1' hour as_timestamp
from t
TIME_OF_DAY | HOURS_TO_ADD | AS_DATE | AS_TIMESTAMP
:------------------ | -----------: | :------------------ | :------------------
2020-10-01 22:15:00 | 3 | 2020-10-02 01:15:00 | 2020-10-02 01:15:00
2020-11-01 15:04:00 | 4 | 2020-11-01 19:04:00 | 2020-11-01 19:04:00
Multiple the value with a fixed interval:
select time_of_day + interval '1' hour * hours_to_add
from the_table;
Online demo
The TIMESTAMP datatype is an extension of the DATE datatype. It stores year, month, day, hour, minute, and second values. It also stores fractional seconds, which are not stored by the DATE datatype.
So, if you don't want to display the fractional seconds, then use proper format mask using TO_CHAR to display what you want.
Here is a working demo:
with your_table as
(
select timestamp '2020-10-01 22:15:00' time_of_Day , 3 hrs from dual
union all
select timestamp '2020-11-01 15:04:00', 4 from dual
)
select time_of_day,
to_char(time_of_day + interval '1' hour * hrs, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') new_time
from your_table;
TIME_OF_DAY NEW_TIME
------------------------------ -------------------
01-10-20 10:15:00.000000000 PM 2020-10-02 01:15:00
01-11-20 3:04:00.000000000 PM 2020-11-01 19:04:00
The timestamp will still have the fractional seconds stored as 02-10-20 1:15:00.000000000 AM.
I have two separate columns for hours and minutes in my table and I have a report where i should be subtracting 90 minutes from total time put together or ( 1 hour from hour field) and 30 minutes from minutes field. The output can be in minutes or hours.
I tried "to_char ( hours_column -1,'00' ) || ':' || to_char ( minutes_column -30,'00' ) AS "MAX_TIME" " - this fails when I have time like 9:00 I get 8:-30 as the output when I need to get 7:30.
I came up with some sql code with DATEADD and cast functions which worked but it fails when I implement it in Oracle.
Select Substring(Cast(DATEADD(minute, -90, Cast(hourscolumn + ':' + minutes column as Time)) as varchar(20)),1,5) as max_time
Can someone help me to implement the above code in Oracle? I'm just trying to deduct 90 minutes by putting the hours and minutes columns together.
Something like this?
test CTE represents your data. How come you got that (bad) idea? Who/what prevents you from storing 32 hours and 87 minutes into those columns?
query itself contains
time: the way you create a valid date value. It'll fail if hours and/or minutes are invalid (such as previously mentioned 32:87)
subtracted: subtract 90 minutes from time; (24 * 60) represents 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour. It'll contain both date and time component
the final result is achieved by applying to_char with appropriate format mask (hh24:mi) to the subtracted value
SQL> alter session set nls_Date_format = 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi';
Session altered.
SQL> with test (hours, minutes) as
2 (select '09', '00' from dual union all
3 select '23', '30' from dual union all
4 select '00', '20' from dual
5 )
6 select hours,
7 minutes,
8 to_date(hours||minutes, 'hh24mi') time,
9 --
10 to_date(hours||minutes, 'hh24mi') - 90 / (24 * 60) subtracted,
11 --
12 to_char(to_date(hours||minutes, 'hh24mi') - 90 / (24 * 60), 'hh24:mi') result
13 from test;
HO MI TIME SUBTRACTED RESUL
-- -- ---------------- ---------------- -----
09 00 01.07.2019 09:00 01.07.2019 07:30 07:30
23 30 01.07.2019 23:30 01.07.2019 22:00 22:00
00 20 01.07.2019 00:20 30.06.2019 22:50 22:50
SQL>
Use NUMTODSINTERVAL to convert the hours and minutes to INTERVAL data types and then you can subtract INTERVAL '90' MINUTE and EXTRACT the resulting hour and minute components.
Oracle Setup:
CREATE TABLE table_name ( hours_column, minutes_column ) AS
SELECT 0, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1, 30 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 45 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 27, 59 FROM DUAL
Query:
SELECT EXTRACT( HOUR FROM time ) + EXTRACT( DAY FROM time ) * 24 AS hours,
EXTRACT( MINUTE FROM time ) AS minutes,
time,
TO_CHAR( EXTRACT( HOUR FROM time ) + EXTRACT( DAY FROM time ) * 24, '00' )
|| ':' || TO_CHAR( ABS( EXTRACT( MINUTE FROM time ) ), 'FM00' ) AS as_string
FROM (
SELECT NUMTODSINTERVAL( hours_column, 'HOUR' )
+ NUMTODSINTERVAL( minutes_column, 'MINUTE' )
- INTERVAL '90' MINUTE AS time
FROM table_name
)
Output:
HOURS | MINUTES | TIME | AS_STRING
----: | ------: | :---------------------------- | :--------
-1 | -30 | -000000000 01:30:00.000000000 | -01:30
0 | 0 | +000000000 00:00:00.000000000 | 00:00
1 | 15 | +000000000 01:15:00.000000000 | 01:15
1 | 30 | +000000000 01:30:00.000000000 | 01:30
26 | 29 | +000000001 02:29:00.000000000 | 26:29
db<>fiddle here
how to convert varchar(hh:mm) to minutes in oracle sql.
For example:
HH:MM Minutes
08:00 480
08:45 525
07:57 477
This will work even if the duration is 24 hours or greater:
SQL Fiddle
Oracle 11g R2 Schema Setup:
CREATE TABLE durations ( duration ) AS
SELECT '00:30' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '07:57' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '08:00' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '12:00' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '20:01' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '23:59' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '24:00' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '24:59' FROM DUAL;
Query 1:
SELECT duration,
( (
DATE '1970-01-01'
+ NUMTODSINTERVAL( SUBSTR( duration, 1, INSTR( duration, ':' ) - 1 ), 'HOUR' )
+ NUMTODSINTERVAL( SUBSTR( duration, INSTR( duration, ':' ) + 1 ), 'MINUTE' )
)
- DATE '1970-01-01'
) * 24 * 60 AS Minutes
FROM durations
Results:
| DURATION | MINUTES |
|----------|---------|
| 00:30 | 30 |
| 07:57 | 477 |
| 08:00 | 480 |
| 12:00 | 720 |
| 20:01 | 1201 |
| 23:59 | 1439 |
| 24:00 | 1440 |
| 24:59 | 1499 |
However, there is an INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type that would be better suited to your data:
CREATE TABLE your_table (
duration INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND
);
Then you can just do:
INSERT INTO your_table ( duration ) VALUES ( INTERVAL '08:00' HOUR TO MINUTE );
To get the number of minutes you can then simply do:
SELECT ( ( DATE '1970-01-01' + duration ) - DATE '1970-01-01' ) *24*60 AS minutes
FROM your_table
Try this
TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR('(08:00)',2,INSTR('(08:00)',':')-2))*60+TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR('(08:00)',INSTR('(08:00)',':')+1,2))
If you can convert your input to a real date first, the task becomes much easier. Here, I have shamelessly appended the time to a fake date to create a date such as 2017-01-01 00:30. To find out the number of minutes since midnight, you simply subtract the date for "midnight". It will return the difference in days, so you need to multiply by number of minutes per day to get what you want.
select time
,(to_date('2017-01-01 ' || time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') - date '2017-01-01') * 24 * 60 as minutes
from (select '00:30' as time from dual union all
select '08:00' as time from dual union all
select '08:30' as time from dual union all
select '12:00' as time from dual union all
select '23:59' as time from dual
);
Here is some sample input and output
time minutes
==== =======
00:30 30
08:00 480
08:30 510
12:00 720
23:59 1 439
If you require to Print 08:00 hours as 480 minutes,
Extract the Digit before : and multply with 60 and add the digit after :. So you can convert the HH:MM representation in to minutes.
SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR(ATT.workdur,'[^:]+',1,1)*60 + REGEXP_SUBSTR(ATT.workdur,'[^:]+',1,2) MINUTES FROM DUAL;
I would like to calculate the differnce between two dates (timestamp) but
in a specific format like DDd HH24:MI:SS.FF
As an example : 2d 10:25:30.350
There many examples on the net but most of them separate the days, hours, minutes.. in differents columns and not getting all of them in one column
Thanks
SQL Fiddle
Oracle 11g R2 Schema Setup:
Query 1:
WITH times ( start_time, end_time ) AS (
SELECT TIMESTAMP '2015-01-01 00:00:00', TIMESTAMP '2015-01-03 10:25:30.350' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT TIMESTAMP '2015-01-01 00:00:00', TIMESTAMP '2015-01-01 09:00:00.000607' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT TIMESTAMP '2015-03-01 00:00:00', TIMESTAMP '2016-03-01 00:00:00' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT TIMESTAMP '2015-01-01 00:00:00', TIMESTAMP '2016-01-11 00:00:00' FROM DUAL
)
SELECT TO_CHAR( start_time, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6' ) AS start_time,
TO_CHAR( end_time, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6' ) AS end_time,
REGEXP_REPLACE( end_time - start_time, '^[+-]0*(\d+) 0?(\d+:\d{2}:\d{2}\.\d{3}\d*?)0*$', '\1d \2' ) AS time_difference
FROM times
Results:
| START_TIME | END_TIME | TIME_DIFFERENCE |
|----------------------------|----------------------------|-------------------|
| 2015-01-01 00:00:00.000000 | 2015-01-03 10:25:30.350000 | 2d 10:25:30.350 |
| 2015-01-01 00:00:00.000000 | 2015-01-01 09:00:00.000607 | 0d 9:00:00.000607 |
| 2015-03-01 00:00:00.000000 | 2016-03-01 00:00:00.000000 | 366d 0:00:00.000 |
| 2015-01-01 00:00:00.000000 | 2016-01-11 00:00:00.000000 | 375d 0:00:00.000 |
If you know that you will never have more than 365 days, you can use a valid date and only print the numbers. I'm thinking of something like this:
select (case when ts1 - ts2 < 1
then '000d ' || to_char(date '2000-01-01' + (t1 - t2), 'HH24:MI:SS')
else to_char(date '2000-01-01' + (t1 - t2) - 1, 'DDDd HH24:MI:SS')
end)
This does zero-pad the day component. It is easy enough to remove the leading zeros if that is desired.
How can I add months to a timestamp value in Oracle? In my query, it's getting converted to date value instead:
SELECT add_months(current_timestamp,2)
FROM dual;
The actual output is:
ADD_MONTH
11-MAR-13
The expected output is:
2013-01-01 00:00:00.000000000+00:00
This will give you the date and the time as a TIMESTAMP data type:
select TO_TIMESTAMP(TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, 2), 'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI'),
'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI') from dual;
If you need more or less precision (E.G. rounding) than what is above, adjust the date formats (both need to be the same format). For example, this will return 2 months down to the seconds level of precision:
select TO_TIMESTAMP(TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSTIMESTAMP, 2),
'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS'), 'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS') from dual;
This is the closest I can get (as a character) to the format you need:
select TO_CHAR(
TO_TIMESTAMP(TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSTIMESTAMP, 2),
'YYYYMMDD HH24:MI:SS'), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),
'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF TZR') from dual;
I think this will about give you what you're looking for:
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_TIMESTAMP(ADD_MONTHS(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,2))
+ (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - TRUNC(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)),
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SSxFFTZR') FROM DUAL;
The problem with using the interval methods is that you can get an unexpected error depending on the date you run the query. E.g.
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP('31-JAN-2012') + NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1,'MONTH') FROM DUAL;
That query returns:
ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified
This is because it attempts to return February 31, which is not a valid date.
ADD_MONTHS is a "safer" way to date math, in that where the interval query would throw an error, ADD_MONTHS will return the last date of the month (Feb 28 or 29 depending on the year) in the above example.
For Oracle:
SELECT
TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32', -- TS we want to increase by 1 month
--TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32' + NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1, 'MONTH'), -- raises ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified
--TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32' + INTERVAL '1' MONTH, -- raises ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified
ADD_MONTHS(TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32', 1), -- works but is a date :(
CAST(ADD_MONTHS(TIMESTAMP'2014-01-30 08:16:32', 1) AS TIMESTAMP) -- works
FROM DUAL
SELECT current_timestamp + INTERVAL '2' MONTH from dual;
To display this in your desired format, use TO_CHAR:
SELECT TO_CHAR(current_timestamp + INTERVAL '2' MONTH,
'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF9TZH:TZM') from dual;
2013-03-11 23:58:14.789501000+01:00
For Oracle:
select TO_TIMESTAMP(Sysdate,'DD-Mon-YYYY HH24-MI-SS') + 60
from dual;
select sysdate + interval '2' month from dual;
select TO_TIMESTAMP (Sysdate + interval '2' month, 'DD-Mon-YYYY HH24-MI-SS')
from dual
;
Result1:
| TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YYYYHH24-MI-SS')+60 |
----------------------------------------------------
| March, 12 0013 00:00:00+0000 |
Result2:
| SYSDATE+INTERVAL'2'MONTH |
--------------------------------
| March, 11 2013 21:41:10+0000 |
Result3:
| TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE+INTERVAL'2'MONTH,'DD-MON-YYYYHH24-MI-SS') |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| March, 11 0013 00:00:00+0000 |
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