I am trying to simply quit the application on pressing a key in openGL and the keyboard doesn't seem to work.
Neither am I am not able to quit the application just by clicking on the close button of the window. Any explanation for this behaviour? I am not recreating the window continuously either.
Here's the code snippet
void keyboardfunc(unsigned char key, int x, int y) {
cout << "Inside" ;
switch (key) {
case 'q': exit(0);
default: break;
}
int main(int argc,char ** argv)
{
.
.
.
glutReshapeFunc(reshape_func);
glutDisplayFunc(draw);
glutKeyboardFunc(keyboardfunc);
myinit();
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
The program is to simulate insertion sort by representing the array graphically , using a for loop I am clearing the screen every time and representing the numbers as histogram each time
Just to be clear the simulation of insertion sort works , only the keyboard callback doesn't work.
Your draw functions take the CPU control and don't let to execute GLUT events loop. Take into account that GLUT is single thread.
You must register a timer. Timer will produce new rendering. Each second compute next iteration and force to redraw scene.
void draw(){
renderHistogram();
}
void timer(int value) {
getNextIteration();
glutPostRedisplay();
glutTimerFunc(1000, timer, 1); // executed on a second
}
To register timer include this line before glutMainLoop:
glutTimerFunc(1000, timer, 1); // executed on a second
next iteration function would be:
int i = 0, j = 0;
void getNextIteration()
{
if (i == n) {
// Array is sorted
return;
}
int key;
key = arr[i];
if (j == 0 || arr[j] <= key) {
// Internal loop finished, reset j, and advance i;
arr[j + 1] = key;
i++;
j = i - 1;
}
arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
j = j - 1;
}
Related
I have made this code on Arduino where the objective is to have the user type in a delay time into the serial monitor, and then the LED should be blink with that delay time. For example if I type in 1000 the LED should be turned on for 1 second then off for 1 second, then repeat.
My problem is that when the code has finished running once, it waits for a new user input, instead of continuing to blink. I think i have to take the Serial.parseInt out of the loop but i'm not sure how as every time I have tried to put it somewhere else the LED just lights up constantly.
Here is the code:
int ledPin = 13;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print(" Enter delay time: ");
while (!Serial.available());
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly
int delayTime = Serial.parseInt();
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(delayTime);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(delayTime);
}
Serial.parseInt is a blocking function. That means it waits for valid serial input until it times out. Because of this, any other action in loop has to wait too. Reading user input in setup works only once though, so it never asks the user for input again.
To avoid this, you'll have to check the serial buffer, and then read each byte individually, while also doing the LED blinking in the main loop.
Another thing to avoid now, is the use of the delay function, because it also hangs the entire main loop (including the serial readings) for the given parameter time. You can still blink the LED by using timestamp intervals.
For a nice example of a non-blocking serial read, we can use this sample from the Arduino docs. Additionally, for another nice example of an LED-blinking sketch without using delay, we can use the BlinkWithoutDelay sample from the Arduino docs too.
String inString = "";
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
int delayTime = 0;
int ledState = LOW;
int ledPin = 13;
void nonBlockingSerialReadDelayTime() {
while (Serial.available() > 0) {
int inChar = Serial.read();
if (isDigit(inChar)) {
// convert the incoming byte to a char and add it to the string
inString += (char)inChar;
}
// if you get a newline (user pressed ENTER on the serial console)
if (inChar == '\n') {
// set our new delay time
delayTime = inString.toInt();
// clear the string for new input
inString = "";
// ask user again
Serial.print(" Enter delay time: ");
}
}
}
void blinkLED() {
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= delayTime) {
// save the last time you blinked the LED
previousMillis = currentMillis;
// if the LED is off turn it on and vice-versa
if (ledState == LOW) {
ledState = HIGH;
} else {
ledState = LOW;
}
// set the LED with the ledState of the variable
digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);
}
}
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial.available());
Serial.print(" Enter delay time: ");
}
void loop() {
nonBlockingSerialReadDelayTime();
blinkLED();
}
Simply read the delay time in your setup befor you enter loop
int ledPin = 13;
int delayTime = 0;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print(" Enter delay time: ");
while (!Serial.available());
delayTime = Serial.parseInt();
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(delayTime);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(delayTime);
}
Sure Serial.parseInt() is blocking, but you can combine it with Serial.available()
const int ledPin = 13;
int delayTime = 1000;
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print(" Enter delay time: ");
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(delayTime);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(delayTime);
if (Serial.available()) {
int temp = Serial.parseInt();
if (temp > 0) delayTime = temp;
Serial.print(" Enter delay time: ");
}
}
Of course this approach does not allow to break into a very slow blink cycle immediately, but that's a different issue.
In a basic variable and Button setup on an Arduino software, the idea is that if you press a button, you gain one on a variable. Theoretically, holding the button shouldn't cause the variable to increase more than one until the release and repressing of the button. However, I could not make this happen. How is this supposed to be done?
I tried using an else around a delay (because the adding one to a variable code was inside an "if" statement) so it would not delay unless the button and released and would not count multiple button inputs, but this resulted in a larger increase when a button was clicked rather than just a one increase.
const int buttonPin = 8;
int number = 0;
int numbertwo = 0;
int buttonState = 0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
if (buttonState == LOW){
numbertwo = ++number;
delay(100);
}
(Can use any method to determine variable, like on an LCD)
As mentioned above, I expected the variable to only increase by one when a button is pressed and not to continue increasing until the button is released and re-pressed, but what actually happened was the variable kept increasing in value as the button was held.
I'm assuming you want the variable "number" increase by 1 per press. I think you are looking for something like this:
const int buttonPin = 8;
int number = 0;
int buttonState = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
if (buttonState == LOW){
++number;
// This loop is to make sure not to count up until button is released
do {
delay(5);
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
} while (buttonState == LOW);
}
}
If you don't like the loop based implementation, here's a state based implementation for you:
const int buttonPin = 8;
int number = 0;
int buttonState = 0;
int prevState = -1;
void setup() {
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
prevState = -1;
}
void loop()
{
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
if (buttonState == LOW && prevState != buttonState){
++number;
prevState = buttonState;
}
delay(5);
}
I am using MPLAB to perform an operation on PIC kit 14f458.
Now I want to create a code to pass the different amount of voltage supply LED through the Microcontroller using a button. When button pressed the first time I should get waveform with 10% DC, for second and third time, 50% and 95% respectively.
I have worked on this But still getting Values OF RE2 PORT as 0 rather than 1. And I also don't know how to stop timer while I release the button.
My code is as follow:
#include<stdio.h> //Standard I/O Library
#include<p18cxxx.h> //for TRISA,E and PORTA,E declaration
#pragma config WDT = OFF //watchdog counter
#pragma config OSC = HS, OSCS = OFF
#pragma config PWRT = OFF, BOR = ON, BORV = 45
#pragma config DEBUG = OFF, LVP = OFF, STVR = OFF
void timer_10()
{
CCP1CON = 0;
PR2 = 249;
CCPR1L = 24;
TRISCbits.TRISC2 = 0;
T2CON = 0x00;
CCP1CON = 0x3c;
TMR2 = 0;
T2CONbits.TMR2ON = 1;
while(1)
{
PIR1bits.TMR2IF = 0;
while(PIR1bits.TMR2IF == 0);
}
}
void timer_50()
{
CCP1CON = 0;
PR2 = 249;
CCPR1L = 124;
TRISCbits.TRISC2 = 0;
T2CON = 0x00;
CCP1CON = 0x2c;
TMR2 = 0;
T2CONbits.TMR2ON = 1;
while(1)
{
PIR1bits.TMR2IF = 0;
while(PIR1bits.TMR2IF == 0);
}
}
void timer_95()
{
CCP1CON = 0;
PR2 = 249;
CCPR1L = 236;
TRISCbits.TRISC2 = 0;
T2CON = 0x00;
CCP1CON = 0x2c;
TMR2 = 0;
T2CONbits.TMR2ON = 1;
while(1)
{
PIR1bits.TMR2IF = 0;
while(PIR1bits.TMR2IF == 0);
}
}
void main()
{
int i = 1;
ADCON1 = 0x06; //Sets RA0 to digital mode
CMCON = 0x07;
TRISEbits.TRISE2 = 1; //set E2 PORTE pins as input
PORTEbits.RE2 = 1; //Here I am not able to SET Value 1
while(1)
{
while(PORTEbits.RE2 == 0)
{
switch(i)
{
case 1:
timer_10();
break;
case 2:
timer_50();
break;
case 3:
timer_95();
break;
}
if(i<4)
{
i++;
if(i>=4)
{
i=1;
}
}
}
}
}
And My compiler Get Stuck in function timer_10(). Please help me.
This is a bit too long for a comment, and I think you're probably able to discover the answer yourself - however, I'll give you some pointers.
In main()
TRISEbits.TRISE2 = 1; //set E2 PORTE pins as input
PORTEbits.RE2 = 1; //Here I am not able to SET Value 1
What behaviour do you expect when you write to port E2 after configuring E2 as an input? It is described in the PIC18F458 data sheet, specifically section 9.5
In timer_10()
void timer_10()
{
CCP1CON = 0;
PR2 = 249;
CCPR1L = 24;
TRISCbits.TRISC2 = 0;
T2CON = 0x00;
CCP1CON = 0x3c;
TMR2 = 0;
T2CONbits.TMR2ON = 1;
while(1)
{
PIR1bits.TMR2IF = 0;
while(PIR1bits.TMR2IF == 0);
}
}
You said your compiler got stuck, but I assume you mean debugger, as you were able to run main() to observe PORTEbits.RE2 = 1; not doing what you expected. If you single-step this in function a debugger, where does it get stuck? can you see why?
Ok, let's simplify this a bit. If you want the duty cycle to change on the negative edge of a push button, and you don't want to use interrupts, then you need to restructure what you have. Firstly, there are several issues with the timer_x routines: 1) you don't need the while loop in there, that is why you are getting stuck. 2) If you remove that loop, you will constantly call a timer routine which will reset the register values and you will not get what you expect. Also, since you are not using interrupts, who cares if the overflow flag is set or not, just leave it set.
To fix this, first, remove all the timer_x routines. Next, you need a timer routine to read the switch input. Remember that all switches have switch bounce so reading one value isn't reliable. You either need to read the switch slowly, at a rate greater than the switch bounce (~50ms) and only run your routines if you have two readings in a row that are the same, or you can read it faster, but you will need more readings that are the same to know you have a stable value.
From there, you can only increment "i" on the first negative edge, not all the time the switch is held down (unless you want it that way). your main routine should look something like (forgive the shortcut for the timer registers):
Main()
if (tmr2.overflow) // 50ms switch read timer
{
switchCurrent = PORTE2;
}
if ( (switchCurrent == swtichLast) // Two readings of the same value
&& (!switchCurrent) // and switch is pressed
&& (!switchUpdated) ) // and haven't updated the pwm yet
{
switchUpdated = TRUE; // Only allow one update per switch
i++;
if (i > 4)
{
i = 0;
}
switch (i)
{
case 0:
CCPR1L = 24;
break;
case 1:
CCPR1L = 124;
break;
... and so on. Note, the only difference in each case is CCPR1L, so just rewrite that register instead of resetting everything.
}
switchLast = swtichCurrent;
if (swtichCurrent)
switchUpdated = 0
This should give you a starting point, hope it helps
I have a program that moves a stepper motor to the right, left and have a stop button that stops the motor. In one part of my program, a motor gradually lowers a speed and stops after a certain period of time iv.
The problem is that in this part of a program (when a motor gradually lowers a speed and then stops) I can’t stop the motor upon pressing a stop button. I understand that I need to break a while loop somehow, but using a break statement doesn't wort for me.
Do you have some ideas?
Here is my function:
/* --- STEPPER MOTOR ---*/
const int motor_step = 3;
const int motor_dir = 4;
int stepSpeed = 0;
int stepMaxSpeed = 1000;
int fadeAmount = 100;
int fadeDelay = 10;
/* ---- STOP BUTTON ---- */
int buttonStop = 5;
int stateStop=0;
void setup() {
.
.
.
stateStop = digitalRead(buttonStop);
}
void loop () {
.
.
.
myfunc();
}
void myfunc() {
if(stateStop == HIGH) {noTone(motor_step); stepSpeed = 0;}
elapsedMillis te;
unsigned int iv = 1500;
while (te < iv) {
if(stepSpeed == stepMaxSpeed) {
stepSpeed = stepSpeed+0;
tone(motor_step,stepSpeed);
digitalWrite(motor_dir,HIGH);
}
else {
stepSpeed = stepSpeed + fadeAmount;
tone(motor_step,stepSpeed);
digitalWrite(motor_dir,HIGH);
delay(fadeDelay);
}
if(stateStop == HIGH) { stepSpeed = 0; break;}
}
if(stepSpeed == stepMaxSpeed) {
while(stepSpeed>0){
stepSpeed = stepSpeed-fadeAmount;
tone(motor_step,stepSpeed);
digitalWrite(motor_dir,HIGH);
delay(fadeDelay);
if(stateStop == HIGH) { stepSpeed = 0; break;}
}
}
stepSpeed = 0;
noTone(motor_step);
digitalWrite(enable,LOW); // enable changed from HIGH
}
Your break condition does never trigger as stateStop is never being updated inside your while loop. How is your program supposed to know? It's busy running the loop and does not care about anything outside it's scope.
Check the button state inside the while loops or use interrupts
On my Arduino Mega 2560, I'm trying to run a motor that turns a 20-vial container (accepting int input 1-20) while regulating temperature via PID of a separate cooler. I am generally new to this field of technology so bear with me. I also have an interrupt set up for an encoder to keep track of vial position.
The void serialEvent() and void loop() are the most important portions to look at, but I decided to put the rest of the code in there just in case you needed to see it.
#include <PID_v1.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <TMC26XStepper.h>
#define COOL_INPUT 0
#define PIN_OUTPUT 9
TMC26XStepper tmc26XStepper = TMC26XStepper(200,5,7,6,500);
int step = 6;
int value;
int i;
char junk = ' ';
volatile long enc_count = 0;
const byte interruptPinA = 2;
const byte interruptPinB = 3;
//Define Variables we'll be connecting to
int outMax = 255;
int outMin = -145;
double Setpoint, Input, Output;
double heatInput, heatOutput, originalInput;
//Specify the links and initial tuning parameters
// AGGRESSIVE VALUES (to get to 4 deg C)
double aggKp=8.0, aggKi=3.0, aggKd=0.15;
// CONSERVATIVE VALUES (to hover around 4 deg C)
double consKp=2.5, consKi = 0.0, consKd = 1.0;
PID myPID(&Input, &Output, &Setpoint, aggKp, aggKi, aggKd, REVERSE);
void setup()
{
pinMode(step, OUTPUT);
pinMode(interruptPinA, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(interruptPinB, INPUT_PULLUP);
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(interruptPinA), encoder_isr, CHANGE);
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(interruptPinB), encoder_isr, CHANGE);
//initialize the variables we're linked to
Input = (5.0*analogRead(COOL_INPUT)*100.0) / 1024;
Setpoint = 10.75;
myPID.SetOutputLimits(outMin, outMax);
//turn the PID on
myPID.SetMode(AUTOMATIC);
Serial.begin(115200);
tmc26XStepper.setSpreadCycleChopper(2,24,8,6,0);
tmc26XStepper.setMicrosteps(32);
tmc26XStepper.setStallGuardThreshold(4,0);
Serial.println("...started...");
tmc26XStepper.start();
Serial.flush();
Serial.println("Enter vial numbers 1-20");
}
void loop() {
Input = (5.0*analogRead(COOL_INPUT)*100.0) / 1024;
// A BUNCH OF CODE FOR TEMP REGULATION
Serial.println(Input);
delay(150);
}
void serialEvent() {
while (Serial.available() == 0) {}
i = Serial.parseInt();
Serial.print("position: ");
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
while (Serial.available() > 0) {
junk = Serial.read();
}
if (i == 1) {
value = 0;
} else {
int num = i - 1;
value = num * 72;
}
while (enc_count != value) {
digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(100);
digitalWrite(6, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(100);
if (enc_count == 1440) {
enc_count = 0;
}
}
Serial.println(enc_count);
}
// INFO FOR ENCODER
void encoder_isr() {
static int8_t lookup_table[] = {0,-1,1,0,1,0,0,-1,-1,0,0,1,0,1,-1,0};
static uint8_t enc_val = 0;
enc_val = enc_val << 2;
enc_val = enc_val | ((PIND & 0b1100) >> 2);
enc_count = enc_count + lookup_table[enc_val & 0b1111];
}
So, originally I had the two processes tested separately (vial position + encoder, then temperature regulation) and everything did exactly as it was supposed to. Now, I fused the code together and stored the vial position entry in the serialEvent() method to keep the temperature reading continuous and the vial position entry available for whenever I decided to provide input. However, when I put in a value, the program stops all together. I am able to see the number I entered (position: 5), but the Serial.println(enc_count) never gets printed. On top of the that, the temperature readings stop displaying readings.
Any thoughts? Need more information?