I am trying to use Zeep to send SOAP request to a Cisco CM server to make MACD operation however getting the following error:
zeep.exceptions.XMLSyntaxError: The XML returned by the server does not contain a valid {http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/}Envelope root element. The root element found is html
Here is the traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "zeepTest.py", line 39, in <module>
resp = service.listPhone(searchCriteria={'name': 'CIPCDemo1'}, returnedTags={'name':'', 'description':''})
File "My|project\Path\lib\site-packages\zeep\proxy.py", line 45, in __call__
kwargs,
File "My|project\Path\lib\site-packages\zeep\wsdl\bindings\soap.py", line 130, in send
return self.process_reply(client, operation_obj, response)
File "My|project\Path\lib\site-packages\zeep\wsdl\bindings\soap.py", line 197, in process_reply
result = operation.process_reply(doc)
File "My|project\Path\lib\site-packages\zeep\wsdl\bindings\soap.py", line 392, in process_reply
% (envelope_qname.namespace, envelope.tag)
zeep.exceptions.XMLSyntaxError: The XML returned by the server does not contain a valid {http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/}Envelope root element. The root element found is html
Since no hits on SO for this error,I have tried to understand zeep\wsdl\bindings\soap.py
I have made the same SOAP request over Postman and it works.
I have tried other libraries (SUDS) but they fail as the server is SSL secured.
Here is my code:
from zeep import Client
from zeep.cache import SqliteCache
from zeep.transports import Transport
from zeep.exceptions import Fault
from zeep.plugins import HistoryPlugin
from requests import Session
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
from urllib3 import disable_warnings
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
from lxml import etree
disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)
username = '<axlusername>'
password = '<password>'
host = '<IP address>'
wsdl = r'my/wsdl/file/path'
location = 'https://{host}:8443/axl'.format(host=host)
binding = r"{http://www.cisco.com/AXLAPIService/}AXLAPIBinding"
session = Session()
session.verify = False
session.auth = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)
transport = Transport(cache=SqliteCache(), session=session, timeout=20)
history = HistoryPlugin()
client = Client(wsdl=wsdl, transport=transport, plugins=[history])
service = client.create_service( binding, location)
def show_history():
for item in [history.last_sent, history.last_received]:
print(etree.tostring(item["envelope"], encoding="unicode", pretty_print=True))
resp = service.listPhone(searchCriteria={'name': '<PhoneName'}, returnedTags={'name':'', 'description':''})
print(resp)
Expected results:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soapenv:Body>
<ns:getPhoneResponse xmlns:ns="http://www.cisco.com/AXL/API/10.5">
<return>
<phone ctiid="91" uuid="{A6A03D42-D167-4F64-BE68}">
<name>Phone Name</name>
... data ommited...
</phone>
</return>
</ns:getPhoneResponse>
</soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>
It appears the AXL URL in your code is missing the trailing slash '/'. Can you try adding, i.e.:
location = 'https://{host}:8443/axl/'.format(host=host)
Related
When I'm trying to pass the API endpoint values in the post API file, KeryError has unfortunately been raised. In the baseapi.ini file, I wrote [API] endpoint = value
Post API file:
import requests
from APIs.payLoad import addBookPayload
from Utilities.configration import config
from Utilities.resources import *
url = config()['API']['endpoint']+ApiResources.addBook
header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
response = requests.post(url, json=addBookPayload("pl74"), headers=header,)
print(response.json())
response_json = response.json()
book_ID = response_json['ID']
Error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Muhammad Azmul Haq\PycharmProjects\BackEndProject\APIs\PostAPI.py", line 8, in <module>
url = config()['API']['endpoint']+ApiResources.addBook
File "C:\Users\Muhammad Azmul Haq\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\configparser.py", line 960, in __getitem__
raise KeyError(key)
KeyError: 'API'
Does anyone have an idea what I did wrong Kind regards?
You are not initializing your global variable in config before accessing it. Try assigning value in the current file,
or
Put all configure in the separate configuration file and import that configuration file.
Sending jpg image in body of POST, using postman to do so:
Reading it with
image_text_similarity.py:
import json
class ImageTextSimilarity():
def on_post(self, req, resp):
image_raw = json.loads(req.stream.read())
which errors out with
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/dario/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 134, in handle
self.handle_request(listener, req, client, addr)
File "/home/dario/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 175, in handle_request
respiter = self.wsgi(environ, resp.start_response)
File "falcon/api.py", line 274, in falcon.api.API.__call__
File "falcon/api.py", line 269, in falcon.api.API.__call__
File "/home/dario/ImageTextSimilarityApp/image_text_similarity.py", line 95, in on_post
image_raw = json.loads(req.stream.read())
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/json/__init__.py", line 349, in loads
s = s.decode(detect_encoding(s), 'surrogatepass')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: invalid start byte
How do we read the image from the body of the POST request?
Rest of the code is
image_similarity_app.py:
import falcon
from image_text_similarity import ImageTextSimilarity
api = application = falcon.API()
api.req_options.auto_parse_form_urlencoded = True
image_text_similarity_object = ImageTextSimilarity()
api.add_route('/image_text_similarity', image_text_similarity_object)
And starting the service with gunicorn image_similarity_app
I'm not an expert at Postman, but it appears that by choosing binary, you are sending your JPEG image data as the request body: Postman Chrome: What is the difference between form-data, x-www-form-urlencoded and raw
In Falcon, you can simply read the request payload as
jpeg_data = req.stream.read()
(Note that on some app servers such as the stdlib's wsgiref.simple_server, you may need to use the safe Request.bounded_stream wrapper.)
See also Falcon's WSGI and ASGI tutorials for inspiration; they use are very related topic (building an image service) to illustrate the basic concepts of the framework. You'll find examples how to handle RESTful image resources: upload, convert, store, list, serve, cache etc.
I am trying to create a dynamically created graph as a JPG file that I could use in Alexa Skill standard cards as part of response. The following code creates a JPG image when I run it locally on my computer, when using browser with URL "http://localhost:5000/image.jpg".
from flask import send_file
from flask import Flask
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
from io import BytesIO
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['DEBUG'] = True
def serve_pil_image(pil_img):
img_io = BytesIO()
pil_img.save(img_io, 'JPEG', quality=70)
img_io.seek(0)
return send_file(img_io, mimetype='image/jpeg')
#app.route('/image.jpg')
def serve_img():
size = (128,128)
background = (128,128,55)
xy = [(0,0),(10,10),(20,20),(30,12),(50,50),(70,9),(90,70)]
img = Image.new('RGB',size,background)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
draw.line(xy, fill=128, width=5)
return serve_pil_image(img)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
However, when I deploy the same code to AWS Lambda service using Zappa I am getting the following error message (from CloudWatch logs):
An error occurred during JSON serialization of response: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: invalid start byte
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/__init__.py", line 250, in dumps
sort_keys=sort_keys, **kw).encode(obj)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/encoder.py", line 207, in encode
chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/encoder.py", line 270, in iterencode
return _iterencode(o, 0)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: invalid start byte
Is there some configuration option to fix this problem? I haven't found any so far.
Binary Support is finally here! You should look at it and try again.
If you want to serve binary data (in this case Base64 images) through API Gateway, you need to set the following:
In the Method Response of your method
Set Content-Type as image/jpeg in HTTP 200 Status Response
Header
In the Integration Response of your method
Set Content-Type as 'image/jpeg' in Header Mappings. Mind the quotes!
With the AWS CLI, set contentHandling attribute to CONVERT_TO_BINARYon your Integration Response
Check to entire process in this great step-by step guide: https://stackoverflow.com/a/41434295/720665
(example is for a base64 encoded png image, but the gist of it is the same)
Django 1.9.6
I'd like to write some unit test for checking redirection.
Could you help me understand what am I doing wrongly here.
Thank you in advance.
The test:
from django.test import TestCase
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.http.request import HttpRequest
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class GeneralTest(TestCase):
def test_anonymous_user_redirected_to_login_page(self):
user = User(username='anonymous', email='vvv#mail.ru', password='ttrrttrr')
user.is_active = False
request = HttpRequest()
request.user = user
hpv = HomePageView()
response = hpv.get(request)
self.assertRedirects(response, reverse("auth_login"))
The result:
ERROR: test_anonymous_user_redirected_to_login_page (general.tests.GeneralTest)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/michael/workspace/photoarchive/photoarchive/general/tests.py", line 44, in test_anonymous_user_redirected_to_login_page
self.assertRedirects(response, reverse("auth_login"))
File "/home/michael/workspace/venvs/photoarchive/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 326, in assertRedirects
redirect_response = response.client.get(path, QueryDict(query),
AttributeError: 'HttpResponseRedirect' object has no attribute 'client'
Ran 3 tests in 0.953s
What pdb says:
-> self.assertRedirects(response, reverse("auth_login"))
(Pdb) response
<HttpResponseRedirect status_code=302, "text/html; charset=utf-8", url="/accounts/login/">
You need to add a client to the response object. See the updated code below.
from django.test import TestCase, Client
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.http.request import HttpRequest
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class GeneralTest(TestCase):
def test_anonymous_user_redirected_to_login_page(self):
user = User(username='anonymous', email='vvv#mail.ru', password='ttrrttrr')
user.is_active = False
request = HttpRequest()
request.user = user
hpv = HomePageView()
response = hpv.get(request)
response.client = Client()
self.assertRedirects(response, reverse("auth_login"))
Looks like you are directly calling your view's get directly rather than using the built-in Client. When you use the test client, you get your client instance back in the response, presumably for cases such as this where you want to check/fetch a redirect.
One solution would be to use the client to fetch the response from your view. Another is to stick a client in the response as mentioned above.
A third option is tell assertRedirects not to fetch the redirect. There is no need for client if you don't ask the assertion to fetch the redirect. That's done by adding fetch_redirect_response=False to your assertion.
UPDATE: Problem related to bug in jython 2.7b1. See bug report: http://bugs.jython.org/issue2021. jython-coders are working on a fix!
After changing to jython2.7beta1 from Jython2.5.3 I am no longer able to read content of webpages using SSL, http and "trusting all certificates". The response from the https-page is always an empty string, resulting in httplib.BadStatusLine exception from httplib.py in Jython.
I need to be able to read from a webpage which requires authentication and do not want to setup any certificate store since I must have portability. Therefore my solution is to use the excellent implementation provided by http://tech.pedersen-live.com/2010/10/trusting-all-certificates-in-jython/
Example code is detailed below. Twitter might not be the best example, since it does not require certificate trusting; but the result is the same with or without the decorator.
#! /usr/bin/python
import sys
from javax.net.ssl import TrustManager, X509TrustManager
from jarray import array
from javax.net.ssl import SSLContext
class TrustAllX509TrustManager(X509TrustManager):
# Define a custom TrustManager which will blindly
# accept all certificates
def checkClientTrusted(self, chain, auth):
pass
def checkServerTrusted(self, chain, auth):
pass
def getAcceptedIssuers(self):
return None
# Create a static reference to an SSLContext which will use
# our custom TrustManager
trust_managers = array([TrustAllX509TrustManager()], TrustManager)
TRUST_ALL_CONTEXT = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL")
TRUST_ALL_CONTEXT.init(None, trust_managers, None)
# Keep a static reference to the JVM's default SSLContext for restoring
# at a later time
DEFAULT_CONTEXT = SSLContext.getDefault()
def trust_all_certificates(f):
# Decorator function that will make it so the context of the decorated
# method will run with our TrustManager that accepts all certificates
def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
# Only do this if running under Jython
if 'java' in sys.platform:
from javax.net.ssl import SSLContext
SSLContext.setDefault(TRUST_ALL_CONTEXT)
print "SSLContext set to TRUST_ALL"
try:
res = f(*args, **kwargs)
return res
finally:
SSLContext.setDefault(DEFAULT_CONTEXT)
else:
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapped
##trust_all_certificates
def read_page(host):
import httplib
print "Host: " + host
conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection(host)
conn.set_debuglevel(1)
conn.request('GET', '/example')
response = conn.getresponse()
print response.read()
read_page("twitter.com")
This results in:
Host: twitter.com
send: 'GET /example HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: twitter.com\r\nAccept-Encoding: identity\r\n\r\n'
reply: ''
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "jytest.py", line 62, in <module>
read_page("twitter.com")
File "jytest.py", line 59, in read_page
response = conn.getresponse()
File "/Users/erikiveroth/Workspace/Procera/sandbox/jython/jython2.7.jar/Lib/httplib.py", line 1030, in getresponse
File "/Users/erikiveroth/Workspace/Procera/sandbox/jython/jython2.7.jar/Lib/httplib.py", line 407, in begin
File "/Users/erikiveroth/Workspace/Procera/sandbox/jython/jython2.7.jar/Lib/httplib.py", line 371, in _read_status
httplib.BadStatusLine: ''
Changing back to jython2.5.3 gives me parseable output from twitter.
Have any of you seen this before? Can not find any bug-tickets on jython project page about this nor can I understand what changes could result in this behaviour (more than maybe #1309, but I do not understand if it is related to my problem).
Cheers