I assume I messed up something since nobody has a similar question here. When I SSH into a windows laptop it does not give me the UNIX shell by default, instead it lands me directly at the Windows prompt. I then have to enter bash, followed by cd and then I can run the commands I need.
Is this a windows setting problem or an openssh issue and does anyone have any suggestions on how I can avoid needing to enter these commands every time that I log in?
The Windows SSH daemon is openssh, and by default it is setup to use cmd as the shell, but you can edit the configuration to use powershell, bash, or any other third party shell. Follow the information in this link.
Its given in MS PoweShell documentation should go through.
To set the default command shell, first confirm that the OpenSSH installation folder is on the system path. For Windows, the default installation folder is SystemDrive:WindowsDirectory\System32\openssh.
Configuring the default ssh shell is done in the Windows registry by adding the full path to the shell executable to Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\OpenSSH in the string value DefaultShell.
Here is the example, the following Powershell command sets the default shell to be PowerShell.exe:
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\OpenSSH" -Name DefaultShell -Value "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -PropertyType String -Force
For further explanation refre this link.
Related
I have properly installed and setup WSL2. It works fine.
I also setup X11 forwarding and X server (VcXsrv). I can launch GUI apps such like konsole or gvim or even google-chrome from a bash shell.
Now I want to launch konsole by simply double clicking a short cut on the desktop without launching the bash command mode terminal. How should I do it?
I tried running this in cmd:
> wsl /usr/bin/konsole
and it reports:
qt.qpa.xcb: could not connect to display
qt.qpa.plugin: Could not load the Qt platform plugin "xcb" in "" even though it was found.
This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.
Available platform plugins are: eglfs, linuxfb, minimal, minimalegl, offscreen, vnc, wayland-egl, wayland, wayland-xcomposite-egl, wayland-xcomposite-glx, xcb.
I'm guessing it is because some X11 forwarding configurations were not properly setup, so I created a k.sh as follows:
#!/usr/bin/bash
export DISPLAY=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{print $2; exit;}'):0.0
export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1
/usr/bin/konsole &
The first two lines were the X11 settings in my .bashrc, the last line launches konsole.
It works fine under bash environment; but when I ran
wsl k.sh
from windows cmd environment, it silently quitted without launching the konsole.
I'm out of ideas. What should I do to directly launch konsole or other Linux GUI apps under windows without having to getting into bash?
Thanks in advance.
You are asking about two different command-lines, and while the failures in running them via the wsl command have the same root-cause, the underlying failures are likely slightly different.
In both cases, the wsl <command> invocation results in a non-login, non-interactive shell where the command simply "runs and exits".
Since the shell is non-login/non-interactive, your startup files (such as ~/.bashrc and ~/.bash_profile, among others) are not being processed.
When you run:
wsl /usr/bin/konsole
... the DISPLAY variable is not set, since, as you said, you normally set it in your ~/.bashrc.
Try using:
wsl -e bash -lic "/usr/bin/konsole"
That will force bash to run as a login (-l), interactive (-i) shell. The DISPLAY should be set correctly, and it should run konsole.
Note that the quotes probably aren't necessary in this case, but are useful for delineating the commands you are passing to bash. More complicated command-lines can be passed in via the quotes.
As for:
wsl k.sh
That's likely a similar problem. You are doing the right thing by setting DISPLAY in your script, but I notice that you aren't using a fully-qualified path it. This would normally work, of course, if your script is in a directory on the $PATH.
But I'm guessing that you might add that directory to the $PATH in your startup config, which means (again) that it isn't being set in this non-login, non-interactive shell.
As before, try:
wsl -e bash -lic "k.sh"`
You could also use a fully-qualified path, of course.
And, I'm fairly sure you are going to run into an issue with trying to put konsole in the background via the script. When WSL exits, and the bash shell process ends, the child konsole process will terminate as well.
You could get around this with a nohup in the script, but then you also need to redirect the stderr. It's probably easiest just to move the & from the script itself to the command-line. Change your k.sh to:
#!/usr/bin/bash
export DISPLAY=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{print $2; exit;}'):0.0
export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1
/usr/bin/konsole
Then run it with:
wsl -e bash -lic "k.sh &"`
Finally, a side note that when and if you can upgrade to Windows 11, it will automatically create Windows Start Menu entries for any Linux GUI app you install that creates a .desktop file. You can manually create .desktop files to have WSL create Start menu items for most applications.
For reference, in Windows 11 it's easier. To run a GUI application without a terminal window popping up, you just need to call wslg.exe instead of wsl.exe.
So, for example:
target: C:\Windows\System32\wslg.exe konsole
start in: C:\WINDOWS\system32
shortcut key: None
comment: Konsole
This tutorial shows how to install VcXsrv and and edit .bashrc to ensure that the "DISPLAY env var is updated on every restart".
DISPLAY env var needs to be dynamic setting.
I've used it successfully with WSL2 on Windows10 Version 21H2 (OS build 19044.2130) to run Chrome, Edge, and thunar. I'm using the Ubuntu 20.04 Linux distro.
To edit .bashrc follow these instructions.
I am using Ubuntu via WSL 2.0 on Windows 10 and would like to run Texlive from the Windows command line. To do so I prepended the Texlive folder to the path in /etc/environment (I also tried a number of other locations eg. $HOME/.bashrc):
C:\Users\scott\Documents>wsl echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/mnt/c/Windows/system32:...
C:\Users\scott\Documents>wsl
scott#SCOTT-PC:/mnt/c/Users/scott/Documents$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/texlive/2020/bin/x86_64-linux:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/mnt/c/Windows/system32:...
Why is there a difference between these two paths? Is it possible to change the first PATH variable?
To be honest, when I first looked at this question, I thought it would be an easy answer. Oh how wrong I was. There are a lot of nuances to how this works.
Let's start with the fairly "easy" part, though. The main difference between the first method and the second:
wsl by itself launches into a login (and interactive) shell
the shell launched with wsl echo $PATH is neither a login shell nor an interactive shell
So the first will source both login scripts (e.g. ~/.profile) and interactive startup scripts (e.g. ~/.bashrc). The second form does not get to source either of these.
You can see this a different way (and get to the solution) with the following commands:
wsl -e bash -c 'echo $PATH'
wsl -e bash -li -c 'echo $PATH'
The -li forces bash to run as a login and interactive shell, thus sourcing all of the applicable startup scripts. And, as #bovquier points out in the comments, a single quote is needed here to prevent PowerShell from interpolating the $ before it gets to Bash. That, or escape it.
You should be able to run TeX Live the same way, just replacing the "echo $PATH" with the startup command you need for TeX Live.
A second option would be to create a script that both adds the path and runs the command, and just launch that script through wsl /path/to/script.sh
That said, I honestly don't think that your current login/interactive PATH is coming from /etc/environment. In my testing, at least, /etc/environment has no use in WSL, and that's to be expected. /etc/environment is only sourced by PAM modules, and with no login check performed by WSL, there's no reason to invoke PAM in either the wsl nor the wsl echo $PATH commands.
I'd expect that you still have the PATH setting in ~/.bashrc or somewhere similar), and that's where the shell is picking it up from at the moment.
While this isn't necessarily critical to understanding the answer, you might also wonder, if /etc/environment isn't used for setting the default (non-login, non-interactive) path in WSL, what is? The answer seems to be that it is hard-coded into the init that starts up WSL. That init is also what appends the Windows path (assuming you don't have that feature disabled in /etc/wsl.conf).
I've been trying to get access to Windows Server 2019 without password through OpenSSH protocol.
So I've created new key which I need it to be copied to the Windows Server, I've tried this:
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa user#server
But I get this after entering correct password:
'exec' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
The system cannot find the path specified.
The system cannot find the path specified.
My issue is how to transfer key from one windows machine(using gitbash, WSL, powershell or whatever)
to Windows Server 2019 location of authorized keys if I am not mistaken.
I am desperate enough to do it manually but location of those keys is mystery to me, do I need to set something on Windows Server first so that it can accept keys for authentication ?
What is the alternative on ssh-copy-id from Windows machine to Windows Server 2019 ?
Found solution:
Followed this helpful youtube guide, props to the
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cs3wBl_mMH0&ab_channel=IT%2FOpsTalk-Deprecated-SeeChannelDescription
Also, installing OpenSSHUtils worked with:
Install-Module -Name OpenSSHUtils -RequiredVersion 0.0.2.0 -Scope AllUsers
Also this guide helped:
https://www.cloudsma.com/2018/03/installing-powershell-modules-on/
My server didn't have access so I manually copied file from:
C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules to the server's:
Server:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules
First, this error message is followed by microsoft/vscode-remote-release issue 25
Current workaround (the context is VSCode, but should apply also for regular SSH connection):
Also, for anyone else here that loves their bash on windows but still wants to be able to use VSCode remote, the workaround I have currently setup is to use an autorun.cmd deployed on the servers that detects when an SSH connection is coming in and has a terminal allocated:
#echo off
if defined SSH_CLIENT (
:: check if we've got a terminal hooked up; if not, don't run bash.exe
C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -c "if [ -t 1 ]; then exit 1; fi"
if errorlevel 1 (
C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe --login
exit
)
)
This is known to work with Cygwin bash, unsure about bash that ships with windows; I imagine it's very sensitive to how the TTY code works internally.
This way, launching cmd.exe works normally, using VSCode (because it does not allocate a PTY) works normally, but SSH'ing into the machine launches bash.exe.
I suspect it would also work using the bash.exe which comes with Git for Windows, should it be installed on the target server.
The destination file should be on the server:
%USERPROFILE%\.ssh\authorized_keys
If you can do it manually, simply try and scp it instead of using ssh-copy-id
scp user#server:C:/Users/<user>/.ssh/authorized_key authorized_key
# manual and local edit to add the public key
scp authorized_key user#server:C:/Users/<user>/.ssh/authorized_key
(again, I would use the scp.exe coming with Git For Windows, installed this time locally)
Found solution:
Followed this helpful youtube guide, props to the
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cs3wBl_mMH0&ab_channel=IT%2FOpsTalk-Deprecated-SeeChannelDescription
Also, installing OpenSSHUtils worked with:
Install-Module -Name OpenSSHUtils -RequiredVersion 0.0.2.0 -Scope AllUsers
Also this guide helped:
https://www.cloudsma.com/2018/03/installing-powershell-modules-on/
My server didn't have access so I manually copied file from:
C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules to the server's:
Server:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules
I want to use my cygwin configuration for SSH ou SFTP connection but doesn't work.
My configucation file "config" is in directory C:\cygwin64\home\<username>\.ssh. This configuration file define an SSH proxy jump and send some environment variables. This configuration file work fine in cygwin to connect in SSH or SFTP.
In PhpStorm settings I've specified the shell path in Tools > Terminal to be C:\cygwin64\bin\bash.exe --login -i. All local terminal use cygwin fine. But the ssh connection don't use my configuration file. I tried copying configuration in C:\Users\<username>\.ssh directory but that does not work.
Can you help me?
Generally, creating %USERPROFILE%/.ssh/config file pointing to the actual location of keys (using a valid Windows path) should help. But PhpStorm does not support ProxyJump and ProxyCommand instructions in it because there is no support for it from OpenSSH client's Windows port and we cannot use Cygwin or MinGW OpenSSH clients, which support proxying, but require running in theirs own shell subsystem. Here's a related bug report: https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/IDEA-214679
I found the solution. You need to install the latest version of OpenSSH. To achieve this, I did the following actions:
Installing the scoop package manager (https://scoop.sh/) using PowerShell
$ Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -scope CurrentUser Answer Y
$ Invoke-Expression (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://get.scoop.sh')
Installing OpenSSH
$ scoop install win32-openssh
normally the installation modifies the environment variable %PATH% to add the path something like C:\Users\<username>\scoop\shims. Otherwise you have to add it.
Modification of the environment variable %PATH% to remove the path C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH
Enable the "OpenSSH Authentication Agent" service
On keyboard press Windows + R
Type: services.msc and press Enter.
Double click on the "OpenSSH Authentication Agent" service
Select the "Automatic" start type and start the service.
After these actions, I was able to connect from the Windows cmd terminal. I tested from PhpStorm and it works too.
Please note that this is an AIX related question.
I have a jenkins server running on Redhat which is running a node via SSH on an AIX server.
The commands are run non-interactively using SSH to a user on the AIX machine who has ksh as its standard shell.
The problem is that this build needs a number of environment variables, and i can't seem to get it to work.
I have tried:
Jenkins allows me to set some environment variables for the session. So i tried:
ENV="$HOME/.profile"
I tried creating a .kshrc file containing
. .profile
But none of these approaches seems to make KSH run the .profile script.
The .profile script contains the environment setup for the user i need.
How do i get an AIX implementation of KSH to run my .profile script before executing commands?
You need to specifically tell Jenkins that you want to execute them in ksh shell.
By default, Jenkins runs as sh <commands>.
Add a shebang in your shell command as first line,
#!/bin/ksh
Most shells don't source their .profile files on non-interactive sessions. A simple solution is to source the .profile yourself as part of the command you are sending.
So instead of
yourcommand1; yourcommand2
you should send
. ~/.profile; yourcommand1; yourcommand2
over ssh
UPDATE after reading the comment about Jenkins controlling the ssh command
In the case your ssh command is performed by Jenkins you should have a look at https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/SSH+Slaves+plugin, especially the 'Login profile files' paragraph.
I'd say one of these solutions is best
Set all environment variables from Jenkins using the node's configure page. Install the EnvInject plugin to do this.
Write a wrapper around the java command on the slave that sources your profile script and adjust the JavaPath (also on the node's configure page) to point to that wrapper.
The only way I know of for setting environment variables that will apply for non-interactive shells on AIX is via /etc/environment. I believe this is the correct place, but it will of course then apply to all users and all shells.