Idris Type mismatch that occurs even from template - idris

Question

Testing out an "easy" example of identity types, mod equality, but transitivity proof wont type check, even from the template. More than a fix, I want to know why?
Here's a snippet of the minimal problem
data ModEq : (n:Nat) -> (x:Nat) -> (y:Nat) -> Type where
{- 3 constructors
reflexive: x == x (mod n),
left-induct: x == y (mod n) => (x+n) == y (mod n)
right-induct: x == y (mod n) => x == (y+n) (mod n)
-}
Reflex : (x:Nat) -> ModEq n x x --- Needs syntatic sugar, for now prefix
LInd : (ModEq n x y) -> ModEq n (x+n) y
RInd : (ModEq n x y) -> ModEq n x (y+n)
{----- Proof of transitive property. -----}
total
isTrans : (ModEq n x y) -> (ModEq n y z) -> (ModEq n x z)
{- x=x & x=y => x=y -}
isTrans (Reflex x) v = v
isTrans u (Reflex y) = u
{- ((x=y=>(x+n)=y) & y=z) => x=y & y=z => x=z (induct) => (x+n)=z -}
isTrans (LInd u) v = LInd (isTrans u v)
isTrans u (RInd v) = RInd (isTrans u v)
{- (x=y=>x=(y+n)) & (y=z=>(y+n)=z) => x=y & y=z => x=z (induct) -}
isTrans (RInd u) (LInd v) = isTrans u v
The type mismatch is in the last line, even though from the comment line I really cannot tell why logically its wrong. Here's the error:
48 | isTrans (RInd u) (LInd v) = isTrans u v
| ~~~~~~~
When checking left hand side of isTrans:
When checking an application of Main.isTrans:
Type mismatch between
ModEq n (x + n) z (Type of LInd v)
and
ModEq n (y + n) z (Expected type)
Specifically:
Type mismatch between
plus x n
and
plus y n
Not only am I confused by how LInd v got assigned the (wrong seeming) type ModEq n (x+n) z, but I point out that when I simply try the "type-define-refine" approach with the built in template I get:
isTrans : (ModEq n x y) -> (ModEq n y z) -> (ModEq n x z)
isTrans (RInd _) (LInd _) = ?isTrans_rhs_1
And even this wont type-check, it complains:
40 | isTrans (RInd _) (LInd _) = ?isTrans_rhs_1
| ~~~~~~~
When checking left hand side of isTrans:
When checking an application of Main.isTrans:
Type mismatch between
ModEq n (x + n) z (Type of LInd _)
and
ModEq n (y + n) z (Expected type)
Specifically:
Type mismatch between
plus x n
and
plus y n

Answer 1

The issue is that the compiler isn't able to deduce in your last case that y = {x + n}. You can give it this hint, though:
isTrans : (ModEq n x y) -> (ModEq n y z) -> (ModEq n x z)
isTrans (Reflex _) v = v
isTrans u (Reflex _) = u
isTrans (LInd u) v = LInd $ isTrans u v
isTrans u (RInd v) = RInd $ isTrans u v
isTrans (RInd u) (LInd v) {n} {x} {y = x + n} = ?isTrans_rhs
Which gives you the following goal for isTrans_rhs:
x : Nat
n : Nat
u : ModEq n x x
z : Nat
v : ModEq n x z
--------------------------------------
isTrans_rhs : ModEq n x z
and thus, you can conclude with isTrans (RInd u) (LInd v) {n} {x} {y = x + n} = v