How to select table with a concatenated column? - sql

I have the following data:
select * from art_skills_table;
+----+------+---------------------------+
| ID | Name | skills |
+----+------+---------------------------|
| 1 | Anna | ["painting","photography"]|
| 2 | Bob | ["drawing","sculpting"] |
| 3 | Cat | ["pastel"] |
+----+------+---------------------------+
select * from computer_table;
+------+------+-------------------------+
| ID | Name | skills |
+------+------+-------------------------+
| 1 | Anna | ["word","typing"] |
| 2 | Cat | ["code","editing"] |
| 3 | Bob | ["excel","code"] |
+------+------+-------------------------+
I would like to write an SQL statement which results in the following table.
+------+------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ID | Name | skills |
+------+------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Anna | ["painting","photography","word","typing"] |
| 2 | Bob | ["drawing","sculpting","excel","code"] |
| 3 | Cat | ["pastel","code","editing"] |
+------+------+-----------------------------------------------+
I've tried something like SELECT * from art_skills_table LEFT JOIN computer_table ON name. However it doesn't give what I need. I've read about array_cat but I'm having a bit of trouble implementing it.

if the skills column from both tables are arrays, then you should be able to get away with this:
SELECT a.ID, a.name, array_cat(a.skills, c.skills)
FROM art_skills_table a LEFT JOIN computer_table c
ON c.id = a.id
That said, While you used LEFT join in your sample, I think either an INNER or FULL (OUTER) join might serve you better.

First, i wondered why the data are stored in such a model.
Was of the opinion that NoSQL databases lack ability for joins and ...
... a semantic triple would be in the form of subject–predicate–object.
... a Key-value (KV) stores use associative arrays.
... a relational database would be normalized.
A few information about the use case would have helped.
Nevertheless, you can select the data with CONCAT and REPLACE for the desired form.
SELECT art_skills_table.ID, computer_table.name,
CONCAT(
REPLACE(art_skills_table.skills, '}',','),
REPLACE(computer_table.skills, '{','')
)
FROM art_skills_table JOIN computer_table ON art_skills_table.ID = computer_table.ID
The query returns the following result:
+----+------+--------------------------------------------+
| ID | Name | Skills |
+----+------+--------------------------------------------+
| 1 | Anna | {"painting","photography","word","typing"} |
| 2 | Cat | {"drawing","sculpting","code","editing"} |
| 3 | Bob | {"pastel","excel","code"} |
+----+------+--------------------------------------------+
I've used the ID for the JOIN, even though Bob has different values.
The JOIN should probably be done over the name.
JOIN computer_table ON art_skills_table.Name = computer_table.Name
BTW, you need to tell us what SQL engine you're running on.

Related

Oracle SQL query comparing multiple rows with same identifier

I'm honestly not sure how to title this - so apologies if it is unclear.
I have two tables I need to compare. One table contains tree names and nodes that belong to that tree. Each Tree_name/Tree_node combo will have its own line. For example:
Table: treenode
| TREE_NAME | TREE_NODE |
|-----------|-----------|
| 1 | A |
| 1 | B |
| 1 | C |
| 1 | D |
| 1 | E |
| 2 | A |
| 2 | B |
| 2 | D |
| 3 | C |
| 3 | D |
| 3 | E |
| 3 | F |
I have another table that contains names of queries and what tree_nodes they use. Example:
Table: queryrecord
| QUERY | TREE_NODE |
|---------|-----------|
| Alpha | A |
| Alpha | B |
| Alpha | D |
| BRAVO | A |
| BRAVO | B |
| BRAVO | D |
| CHARLIE | A |
| CHARLIE | B |
| CHARLIE | F |
I need to create an SQL where I input the QUERY name, and it returns any ‘TREE_NAME’ that includes all the nodes associated with the query. So if I input ‘ALPHA’, it would return TREE_NAME 1 & 2. If I ask it for CHARLIE, it would return nothing.
I only have read access, and don’t believe I can create temp tables, so I’m not sure if this is possible. Any advice would be amazing. Thank you!
You can use group by and having as follows:
Select t.tree_name
From tree_node t
join query_record q
on t.tree_node = q.tree_node
WHERE q.query = 'ALPHA'
Group by t.tree_name
Having count(distinct t.tree_node)
= (Select count(distinct q.tree_node) query_record q WHERE q.query = 'ALPHA');
Using an IN condition (a semi-join, which saves time over a join):
with prep (tree_node) as (select tree_node from queryrecord where query = :q)
select tree_name
from treenode
where tree_node in (select tree_node from prep)
group by tree_name
having count(*) = (select count(*) from prep)
;
:q in the prep subquery (in the with clause) is the bind variable to which you will assign the various QUERY values at runtime.
EDIT
I don't generally set up the test case on online engines; but in a comment below this answer, the OP said the query didn't work for him. So, I set up the example on SQLFiddle, here:
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!4/b575e/2
A couple of notes: for some reason, SQLFiddle thinks table names should be at most eight characters, so I had to change the second table name to queryrec (instead of queryrecord). I changed the name in the query, too, of course. And, second, I don't know how I can give bind values on SQLFiddle; I hard-coded the name 'Alpha'. (Note also that in the OP's sample data, this query value is not capitalized, while the other two are; of course, text values in SQL are case sensitive, so one should pay attention when testing.)
You can do this with a join and aggregation. The trick is to count the number of nodes in query_record before joining:
select qr.query, t.tree_name
from (select qr.*,
count(*) over (partition by query) as num_tree_node
from query_record qr
) qr join
tree_node t
on t.tree_node = qr.tree_node
where qr.query = 'ALPHA'
group by qr.query, t.tree_name, qr.num_tree_node
having count(*) = qr.num_tree_node;
Here is a db<>fiddle.

How to use JOIN, CROSS JOIN to combine globalized stored values in SQL into a single table

We have various tables pertaining to different entities where we would like to globalize the stored values. We do not know how to proceed technically anymore and are open to any form of help, hints or tips.
Language
ID | Culture | Description |
---+---------+-------------+
1 | EN | English |
2 | FR | French |
3 | ES | Spanish |
Job
ID | Description |
---+-------------+
1 | Doctor |
2 | Firefighter |
JobGlobalization
ID | JobID | Description | Culture |
---+-------+-------------+---------+
1 | 1 | Docteur | FR |
2 | 1 | Doctora | ES |
We attempted to use CROSS JOIN to obtain something of the following:
ID | Description | Culture |
---+-------------+---------+
1 | Doctor | EN |
1 | Doctor | FR |
1 | Doctor | ES |
2 | Firefighter | ES |
2 | Firefighter | ES |
2 | Firefighter | ES |
Query used:
SELECT Job.ID, Job.Description, Language.Culture
CROSS JOIN Language
ORDER BY Job.ID
We experienced with different joins on the child globalization table in order to correlate the entities together, however the results set kept multiplying itself in the wrong way.
We would like that for every parent entity, whether it has any related child entities, a row is selected for every culture in the Language table. The description column will default to the parent entity in the case where there are no associated records in the child table.
The resulting table should be as follows:
ID | Description | Culture |
---+-------------+---------+
1 | Doctor | EN |
1 | Docteur | FR |
1 | Doctora | ES |
2 | Firefighter | EN |
2 | Firefighter | FR |
2 | Firefighter | ES |
We had in mind a condition that would select the 'Description' column from the parent table 'Job' if there were no corresponding record for it in the child table.
e.g.
IIF(JobGlobalization.Description IS NOT NULL, JobGlobalization.Description, Job.Description)
We attempted to use CROSS JOIN to obtain something of the following:
This should produce the result set you describe:
SELECT j.ID, j.Description, l.Culture
FROM Job j CROSS JOIN
Language l
ORDER BY j.ID, l.Culture;
You can insert this into JobGlobalization (although you might want to truncate it first). Or you can use CREATE TABLE AS (or the equivalent for your database) to create JobGlobalization from scratch.
You would then need to update this table with the appropriate values for the culture.

When Querying Many-To-Many Relationship in SQL, Return Multiple Connections As an Array In Single Row?

Basically, I have 3 tables, titles, providers, and provider_titles.
Let's say they look like this:
| title_id | title_name |
|------------|----------------|
| 1 | San Andres |
| 2 |Human Centipede |
| 3 | Zoolander 2 |
| 4 | Hot Pursuit |
| provider_id| provider_name |
|------------|----------------|
| 1 | Hulu |
| 2 | Netflix |
| 3 | Amazon_Prime |
| 4 | HBO_GO |
| provider_id| title_id |
|------------|----------------|
| 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4 | 4 |
So, clearly there are titles with multiple providers, yeah? Typical many-to-many so far.
So what I'm doing to query it is with a JOIN like the following:
SELECT * FROM provider_title JOIN provider ON provider_title.provider_id = provider.provider_id JOIN title ON title.title_id = provider_title.title_id WHERE provider.name IN ('Netflix', 'HBO_GO', 'Hulu', 'Amazon_Prime')
Ok, now to the actual issue. I don't want repeated title names back, but I do want all of the providers associated with the title. Let me explain with another table. Here is what I am getting back with the current query, as is:
| provider_id| provider_name | title_id | title_name |
|------------|---------------|----------|---------------|
| 1 | Hulu | 1|San Andreas |
| 1 | Hulu | 2|Human Centipede|
| 2 | Netflix | 1|San Andreas |
| 3 | Amazon_Prime | 1|San Andreas |
| 3 | Amazon_prime | 3|Zoolander 2 |
| 4 | HBO_GO | 4|Hot Pursuit |
But what I really want would be something more like
| provider_id| provider_name |title_id| title_name|
|------------|-----------------------------|--------|-----------|
| [1, 2, 3] |[Hulu, Netflix, Amazon_Prime]| 1|San Andreas|
Meaning I only want distinct titles back, but I still want each title's associated providers. Is this only possible to do post-sql query with logic iterating through the returned rows?
Depending on your database engine, there may be an aggregation function to help achieve this.
For example, this SQLfiddle demonstrates the postgres array_agg function:
SELECT t.title_id,
t.title_name,
array_agg( p.provider_id ),
array_agg( p.provider_name )
FROM provider_title as pt
JOIN
provider as p
ON pt.provider_id = p.provider_id
JOIN title as t
ON t.title_id = pt.title_id
GROUP BY t.title_id,
t.title_name
Other database engines have equivalents. For example:
mySQL has group_concat
Oracle has listagg
sqlite has group_concat (as well!)
If your database isn't covered by the above, you can google '[Your database engine] aggregate comma delimited string'

PostgreSQL Inner Join on the same table + second table?

If this is a stupid question, forgive me, I'm not very familiar with PostgreSQL.
I've collected inventory data from used car dealerships in my area and stored it in a postgreSQL table. I've got a second table with particular details regarding certain makes and models. For example:
The dealership table is structured like so:
-----------------------------------------
| Dealership | Make | Model | Year | ID |
----------------------------------------|
| A | Ford | F250 | 2003 | 1 |
| A | Chevy| Cobalt| 2005 | 2 |
| B | Ford | F250 | 2003 | 1 |
| B | Dodge| Chrgr | 2012 | 3 |
-----------------------------------------
The details table is structured like so:
-----------------------------------------
| ID | DetailA| DetailB| DetailC|
-----------------------------------------
| 1 | data | data | data |
| 2 | data | data | data |
| 3 | data | data | data |
| 4 | data | data | data |
-----------------------------------------
My goal is to retrieve vehicle matches from multiple dealerships and display the appropriate details. In the above example, I would like to see:
-----------------------------------------------------
| Make | Model | Year | DetailA | DetailB | DetailC |
-----------------------------------------------------
| Ford | F250 | 2003 | data | data | data |
-----------------------------------------------------
With this result, I will know that both A and B havea 2003 Ford F250 for sale, and can view the related details of the vehicle.
I've tried many different queries, but most are variations on something like this:
SELECT DISTINCT
dealership_table.make,
dealership_table.model,
dealership_table.year
details_table.detaila,
details_table.detailb,
details_table.detailc
FROM
dealership_table
INNER JOIN
details_table
ON
dealership_table.id = details_table.id
WHERE
dealership_table.dealership = 'A'
OR
dealership_table.dealership = 'B'
However this returns all of the distinct matches from the table where dealership is either A or B. I've tried multiple inner-joins, but I an error complaining details_table is specified multiple times.
If I'm doing something really silly, I apologize. Like I said before, I'm pretty much an SQL noob.
What am I doing wrong? How should I go about retrieving the desired results? Any suggestions, solutions, or advice is greatly appreciated!
You can write:
SELECT dealership_table1.make,
dealership_table1.model,
dealership_table1.year,
details_table.detaila,
details_table.detailb,
details_table.detailc
FROM dealership_table dealership_table1
JOIN dealership_table dealership_table2
ON dealership_table1.make = dealership_table2.make
AND dealership_table1.model = dealership_table2.model
AND dealership_table1.year = dealership_table2.year
JOIN details_table
ON dealership_table.id = details_table.id
WHERE dealership_table1.dealership = 'A'
AND dealership_table1.dealership = 'B'
;
(Note that the FROM dealership_table dealership_table1 and JOIN dealership_table dealership_table2 set up distinct "aliases", so you can use the same table multiple different times in the same query without getting name-conflicts.)
I may be misunderstanding your table layout, but I think you should consider changing to a different structure. Here's what I would propose:
Vehicle:
----------------------------
| ID | Make | Model | Year |
----------------------------
| 1 | Ford | F250 | 2003 |
| 2 | Chevy| Cobalt| 2005 |
| 3 | Dodge| Chrgr | 2012 |
----------------------------
Dealership:
----------------------------
| Dealership | ID | Detail |
----------------------------
| A | 1 | data |
| A | 2 | data |
| B | 1 | data |
| B | 3 | data |
----------------------------
This way you're not storing vehicle information (make/model/year) in more than one place.
Here's how you would write your desired query given the above schema:
SELECT Make, Model, Year, A.Detail, B.Detail, C.Detail
FROM Vehicle V
LEFT OUTER JOIN Dealership A on A.Dealership = 'A' and A.id = V.id
LEFT OUTER JOIN Dealership B on B.Dealership = 'B' and B.id = V.id
LEFT OUTER JOIN Dealership C on C.Dealership = 'C' and C.id = V.id

Grouped string aggregation / LISTAGG for SQL Server

I'm sure this has been asked but I can't quite find the right search terms.
Given a schema like this:
| CarMakeID | CarMake
------------------------
| 1 | SuperCars
| 2 | MehCars
| CarMakeID | CarModelID | CarModel
-----------------------------------------
| 1 | 1 | Zoom
| 2 | 1 | Wow
| 3 | 1 | Awesome
| 4 | 2 | Mediocrity
| 5 | 2 | YoureSettling
I want to produce a dataset like this:
| CarMakeID | CarMake | CarModels
---------------------------------------------
| 1 | SuperCars | Zoom, Wow, Awesome
| 2 | MehCars | Mediocrity, YoureSettling
What do I do in place of 'AGG' for strings in SQL Server in the following style query?
SELECT *,
(SELECT AGG(CarModel)
FROM CarModels model
WHERE model.CarMakeID = make.CarMakeID
GROUP BY make.CarMakeID) as CarMakes
FROM CarMakes make
http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/t-sql-programming/concatenating-row-values-in-transact-sql/
It is an interesting problem in Transact SQL, for which there are a number of solutions and considerable debate. How do you go about producing a summary result in which a distinguishing column from each row in each particular category is listed in a 'aggregate' column? A simple, and intuitive way of displaying data is surprisingly difficult to achieve. Anith Sen gives a summary of different ways, and offers words of caution over the one you choose...
If it is SQL Server 2017 or SQL Server VNext, Azure SQL database you can use String_agg as below:
SELECT make.CarMakeId, make.CarMake,
CarModels = string_agg(model.CarModel, ', ')
FROM CarModels model
INNER JOIN CarMakes make
ON model.CarMakeId = make.CarMakeId
GROUP BY make.CarMakeId, make.CarMake
Output:
+-----------+-----------+---------------------------+
| CarMakeId | CarMake | CarModels |
+-----------+-----------+---------------------------+
| 1 | SuperCars | Zoom, Wow, Awesome |
| 2 | MehCars | Mediocrity, YoureSettling |
+-----------+-----------+---------------------------+