So I have a query I'm trying to write where there are two columns that will have variable results. One is date and one is time. My query will look like
Select Schedule ID , Job_Name , next_run_date , next_run_time
The values will vary depending on what database I'm running against. For example, [next_run_date] might = 20181014 and [next_run_time] might read 1000 which would be 1am. But if I run it on a different server, it could have a completely different set of values, but just the same format.
I've unsuccessfully tried to convert the columns to date/time format by using
CONVERT(varchar(10),CONVERT(date,[next_run_date],110),110) AS 'Next Run'
And just get 'Explicit conversion from data type int to date is not allowed'
What I'd like it to display is [next_run_date] might = 10-14-2018 and [next_run_time] = 01:00. Just unsure how to convert this correctly. I do not have to write privs to the database. If I read correctly, at least for the date column, I would have to convert from Bigin to Varchar to ToDate, but unclear how to fully write that.
For the time field you can stuff a : in it.
And a FORMAT for the times below 10 AM.
And the date part can be done with 2 casts and a CONVERT or a FORMAT.
The date from an INT to a VARCHAR in the 'mm-dd-yyyy' format:
CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), CAST(CAST([next_run_date] AS VARCHAR(8)) AS DATE), 110)
The time from an INT to a VARCHAR in the 'hh:mi' format:
STUFF(CAST(FORMAT([next_run_time],'000000') AS VARCHAR(4)),3,0,':')
Example snippet:
DECLARE #Table TABLE (next_run_date INT, next_run_time INT);
INSERT INTO #Table (next_run_date, next_run_time) VALUES
(20180901, 13500)
,(20181015, 134200)
;
SELECT
CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), CAST(CAST([next_run_date] AS VARCHAR(8)) AS DATE), 110) AS [Next Run Date],
STUFF(CAST(FORMAT([next_run_time],'000000') AS VARCHAR(4)),3,0,':') AS [Next Run Time]
FROM #Table
Returns:
Next Run Date Next Run Time
------------- -------------
09-01-2018 01:35
10-15-2018 13:42
You need to convert the bigint to a varchar first, then to a date:
CONVERT(date,CONVERT(varchar(10),[next_run_date]),110) AS 'Next Run'
You could also break up the number into parts and craft a date and time.
DECLARE #Date INT=20181014
DECLARE #Time INT=123456
SELECT CONVERT(DATE,
SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Date),1,4)+'/'+
SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Date),5,2)+'/'+
SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Date),7,2)
) AS [Date]
SELECT CONVERT(TIME,
SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Time),1,LEN(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Time))-4)+':'+
SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Time),LEN(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Time))-3,2)+':'+
SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Time),LEN(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),#Time))-1,2)
) AS [Time]
select convert(datetime, cast(20181014 as varchar), 102)
Note :
CAST is part of the ANSI-SQL specification; whereas, CONVERT is not.
In fact, CONVERT is SQL implementation specific. CONVERT differences
lie in that it accepts an optional style parameter which is used for
formatting.
Related
I've got a table that currently has all columns stored as nvarchar(max), so I'm converting all the datatypes to be what they should be. I have a column of dates, however when I run this:
ALTER TABLE Leavers ALTER COLUMN [Actual_Termination_Date] date;
I get
"Conversion failed when converting date and/or time from character string".
This is relatively normal, so I did the following to investigate:
SELECT DISTINCT TOP 20 [Actual_Termination_Date]
FROM LEAVERS
WHERE ISDATE([Actual_Termination_Date]) = 0
which returned:
NULL
13/04/2017
14/04/2017
17/04/2017
19/04/2017
21/04/2017
23/04/2017
24/04/2017
26/04/2017
28/04/2017
29/03/2017
29/04/2017
30/04/2017
31/03/2017
42795
42797
42813
42817
42820
42825
The null and excel style date formats (e.g. 42795) are no problem, however it's the ones appearing as perfectly normal dates I'm having a problem with. I usually fix issues like this by using one of the following fixes:
SELECT cast([Actual_Termination_Date] - 2 as datetime)
FROM LEAVERS
WHERE ISDATE([Actual_Termination_Date]) = 0
or
SELECT cast(convert(nvarchar,[Actual_Termination_Date], 103) - 2 as datetime)
FROM LEAVERS
WHERE ISDATE([Actual_Termination_Date]) = 0
When these return back the dates as I would expext, I'd then do an UPDATE statement to change them in the table and then convert the column type. However I keep getting an error message telling me that various dates can't be converted such as:
Conversion failed when converting the nvarchar value '21/04/2017' to data type int.
Any thoughts? Thanks!
Probably because of your language setting. For '21/04/2017' to work, you'll need to be using the BRITISH language, or other language that uses dd/MM/yyyy. I suspect you are using ENGLISH which is actually American.
American's use MM/dd/yyyy meaning that '21/04/2017' would mean the 4th day of the 21st month in the year 2017; obviously that doesn't work.
The best method is to use an unambiguous format, regardless of language and data type. For SQL Server that's yyyyMMdd and yyyy-MM-ddThh:mm:ss.nnnnnnn (yyyy-MM-dd and yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss.nnnnnnn are not unambiguous in SQL Server when using the older datetime and smalldatetime data types).
Otherwise you can use CONVERT with a style code:
SELECT CONVERT(date,'21/04/2017', 103)
The problem with your data, however, is that you have values that are in the format dd/MM/yyyy and integer values. The int (not varchar) value 42817 as a datetime in SQL Server is 2017-03-25. On the other hand, if this data came from Excel then the value is 2017-03-23. I am going to assume the data came from Excel, not SQL Server (because the ACE drivers have a habit of reading dates as numbers, because the thing they aren't is "ace").
You'll need to therefore convert the values to an unambiguous format first, so that'll be yyyyMMdd. As we have 2 different types of values, this is a little harder, but still possible:
UPDATE dbo.Leavers
SET Actual_Termination_Date = CONVERT(varchar(8), ISNULL(TRY_CONVERT(date, Actual_Termination_Date, 103), DATEADD(DAY, TRY_CONVERT(int, Actual_Termination_Date),'18991230')), 112);
Then you can alter your table:
ALTER TABLE dbo.Leavers ALTER COLUMN [Actual_Termination_Date] date;
DB<>Fiddle using Michał Turczyn's DML statement.
Put the column into a canonical format first, then convert:
update leavers
set Actual_Termination_Date = try_convert(date, [Actual_Termination_Date], 103);
ALTER TABLE Leavers ALTER COLUMN [Actual_Termination_Date] date;
The update will do an implicit conversion from the date to a string. The alter should be able to "undo" that implicit conversion.
Back up the table before you do this! You are likely to discover that some dates are not valid -- that is pretty much the rule when you store dates as strings although in a small minority of cases, all date strings are actually consistently formatted.
The actual date does not matter. The error happens when you try to subtract 2 from a string:
[Actual_Termination_Date] - 2
The clue comes from the error message:
Conversion failed when converting the nvarchar value '21/04/2017' to data type int.
To fix the problem, use DATEADD after the conversion:
SELECT DATEADD(days, -2, convert(datetime, [Actual_Termination_Date], 103))
You just have inconsistent date format within your column, which is terrible.
Having wrong datatype lead to it, that's why it is so important to have proper data types on columns.
Let's investigate it a little:
-- some test data
declare #tbl table (dt varchar(20));
insert into #tbl values
(NULL),
('13/04/2017'),
('14/04/2017'),
('17/04/2017'),
('19/04/2017'),
('21/04/2017'),
('23/04/2017'),
('24/04/2017'),
('26/04/2017'),
('28/04/2017'),
('29/03/2017'),
('29/04/2017'),
('30/04/2017'),
('31/03/2017'),
('42795'),
('42797'),
('42813'),
('42817'),
('42820'),
('42825');
-- here we handle one format
select convert(date, dt, 103) from #tbl
where len(dt) > 5
or dt is null
-- here we handle excel like format
select dateadd(day, cast(dt as int), '1900-01-01') from #tbl
where len(dt) = 5
So, as you can see you have to apply to different approaches for this task. CASE WHEN statement should fit here nicely, see below SELECT:
select case when len(dt) = 5 then
dateadd(day, cast(dt as int), '1900-01-01')
else convert(date, dt, 103) end
from #tbl
I have the following datetime format ( as varchar ) in my database 13-04-2018 1:05:00.
I need to convert it to the following format: 2018-04-13 01:05:00. As datetime.
Normal convert functions can't do this because they try to take the 13th month, and that month doesn't exist. This error:
The conversion of a varchar data type to a datetime data type resulted
in an out-of-range value.
Does someone know how to convert this date issue?
Using datetimes is always a pain regardless of the language because of all the different formats across the world.
To sort your issue out currently, you need to use a format style which is a third parameter to CONVERT. Personally what I would suggest here is to store as a datetime, because storing datetimes as strings is never a good idea. It just gets too messy later on, but if saved in the format you would like, it would be saved as yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss
SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '13-04-2018 1:05:00',103)
You can create your own function to format it in your desired output string.
CREATE FUNCTION FormatMyDate
(#Date DATETIME) RETURNS VARCHAR(20)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN FORMAT(#Date,'yyyy-dd-MM hh:mm:ss')
END
And then you can call it in SELECT statements like this:
SELECT dbo.FormatMyDate(yourDateCol)
FROM yourTable
this takes the date from the format where month comes before day and reverses the 2 values (month and day)
SELECT CONVERT(DATETIME, '2018-13-04 01:05:00', 103);
Results:
2018-04-13 01:05:00.000
This should work for you requirement...
SELECT FORMAT(yourdate, 'yyyy-dd-MM')
Your Solution Bro...
DECLARE #d DATETIME = GETDATE()
SELECT FORMAT ( #d, 'MM-dd-yyyy hh:mm:ss', 'de-de' ) AS 'Hoping your result'
I am working on a project in which dates and times ar stored as a varchar e.g. "30-11-2017,7:30" first date in dd-mm-yyy format and then time separated with a comma. I am trying to filter on it but it is not working correctly kindly guide me how to filter data on date.
select *
from timetrack
where startDateAndTime >= '30-11-2017,7:30'
In attached image records have been shown. When I apply above query it shows no records
You can easily convert your date to SQL datatype datetime uisng parse function, for example select parse('30-11-2017,7:30' as datetime using 'it-IT').
So, in your case, you can apply this function in where clause, so you can easily apply comparison between dates:
select *
from timetrack
where parse(startDateAndTime as datetime using 'it-IT') >= '2017-11-30 07:30:00.000'
Your format is apparently italian :) But you have to specify your own date in the format convertable to datetime, as I have done in above example.
NOTE: parse is available starting with SQL Management Studio 2012.
Unless you are using ISO date format (yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss or close) applying ordering (which inequalities like greater than or equal use) will not work: the date order is disconnected from the string ordering.
You'll need to parse the date and times into a real date time type and then compare to that (details of this depend on which RDBMS you are using).
If, you want to just filter out the date then you could use convert() function for SQL Server
select *
from timetrack
where startDateAndTime >= convert(date, left(#date, 10), 103)
Else convert it to datetime as follow
select *
from timetrack
where startDateAndTime >= convert(datetime, left(#date, 10)+' ' +
reverse(left(reverse(#date), charindex(',', reverse(#date))-1)), 103)
You need the date in a datetime column, Otherwise you can't filter with your current varchar format of your date.
Without changing the existing columns, this can be achieved by making a computed column and making it persisted to optimize performance.
ALTER TABLE test add CstartDateTime
as convert(datetime, substring(startDateAndTime, 7,4)+ substring(startDateAndTime, 4,2)
+ left(startDateAndTime, 2) +' '+ right(startDateAndTime, 5), 112) persisted
Note: this require all rows in the column contains a valid date with the current format
Firstly, you need to check what is the data that is entered in the 'startDateAndTime' column,then you can convert that varchar into date format
If the data in 'startDateAndTime' column has data like '30-11-2017,07:30', you would then have to convert it into date:
SELECT to_date('30-11-2017,07:30','dd-mm-yyyy,hh:mm') from dual; --check this
--Your query:
SELECT to_date(startDateAndTime ,'dd-mm-yyyy,hh:mm') from timetrack;
I have two columns in my table, one to capture time and one to capture date. Unfortunately, both are varchar(). I need to take the two fields, concatenate them together, and then convert them to datetime.
I am trying to accomplish that with this:
select CONVERT(datetime,(select txt_returned_date+' '+CONVERT(varchar(20),CONVERT(TIME,txt_time_returned))),126)
from table_name
I am getting this error message:
Conversion failed when converting date and/or time from character string.
The date is being captured as "20130308" as a string. Time is being captures as "4:27 PM" as a string
What I am doing here is converting the string of the time to TIME, then back to varchar. Then I am concatenating them together. This works by itself, but once I introduce the CONVERT(datetime) to the whole query, it is giving me the error.
Any help to try to accomplish this is helpful. Thanks!
You can concatenate the DATE and TIME values together once they have been converted to a DATETIME. Here's a sample to play with that shows concatenating a DATE column and a TIME column that have been stored as VARCHAR:
-- Set up some variables to test with
DECLARE #myTime TIME = GETDATE()
, #myDate DATE = GETDATE()
, #myTimeTxt VARCHAR(16)
, #myDateTxt VARCHAR(10);
-- Initialize your variables
SELECT #myTimeTxt = #myTime
, #myDateTxt = #myDate;
-- Display your separated values
SELECT #myDateTxt, #myTimeTxt;
-- Display your concatenated value
SELECT CAST(#myDateTxt AS DATETIME) + CAST(CAST(#myTimeTxt AS TIME) AS DATETIME);
You can use this option
DECLARE #date date = '20010101',
#time time = '01:01:01'
SELECT CAST(#date AS datetime) + #time
Result:2001-01-01 01:01:01.000
Demo on SQLFiddle
Are you using SQL 2012? If so you may be able to use the datetimedromparts function to achieve this. If not for this specific example, it's always good to know for the future :)
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/hh213233.aspx
I have two "date" fields that I need to join on.
The first is a normal datetime in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
The second is a varchar(8) in the red-headed step child format mmddyyyy
Now this gets painful because there is no easy way to convert to the corresponding type. There is a built-in format that is yyyymmdd but that doesn't match the varchar format.
There are two paths I can see:
declare #normal_date as datetime;
declare #hated_date as varchar(8);
set #normal_date='1974-11-01 00:00:00.000'
set #hated_date='11011974'
--cast to date time with string splits
select #normal_date
where CONVERT(datetime, RIGHT(#hated_date,4)+LEFT(#hated_date,2)+SUBSTRING(#hated_date,3,2))=#normal_date
--convert normal date to ackward format
select #normal_date
where REPLACE(CONVERT(varchar(10),#normal_date,101), '/','')=#hated_date
Which is better? Or is there a better way?
Edited to show costs
--Operator cost (39%)
CONVERT(datetime, RIGHT(#hated_date,4)+LEFT(#hated_date,2)+SUBSTRING(#hated_date,3,2))=#normal_date
--Operator cost (57%)
REPLACE(CONVERT(varchar(10),#normal_date,101), '/','')=#hated_date
--Operator cost (46%)
cast(stuff(stuff(#hated_date, 3,0, '/'),6,0,'/') as datetime)=#normal_date
--Operator cost (47%)
RIGHT(#hated_date, 4) + LEFT(#hated_date, 4)=#normal_date
This is yyyymmdd no?
RIGHT(#hated_date, 4) + LEFT(#hated_date, 4)
So, your script becomes
declare #normal_date as datetime;
declare #hated_date as varchar(8);
set #normal_date='1974-11-01 00:00:00.000'
set #hated_date='11011974'
--SELECT #hated_date = RIGHT(#hated_date, 4) + LEFT(#hated_date, 4))
select 'hurrah' WHERE #normal_date = RIGHT(#hated_date, 4) + LEFT(#hated_date, 4)
Another approach is this:
MONTH(#normal_date)*1000000 + DAY(#normal_date)*10000 + YEAR(#normal_date)
=
CAST(#hated_date AS INT)
one more thing: it is more precise to compare real execution costs than to rely on the optimizer's estimates.
Try this:
select cast(stuff(stuff('11011974', 3,0, '/'),6,0,'/') as datetime)
Update
Suggest you either fix the column to be datetime or add a datetime column to the table and convert the data so that you only have to do this conversion once when the data is entered (and once of course for existing data) This could probaly even be a calculated column. This is NOT something you want to be doing in select statements. If necessary create a dateconversion table with every opossible date in both formates and join to it if the table can't be changed.
You might also want to check to make sure there are no invalid dates in there which is always a possibility with storing dates in a data type other than a datetime one.